Society and Culture in Provincial America Chapter 3 Senneca W. The Colonial Population The Early Population 1.

Early English were unaristocratic 1. Dominant population was English laborer 1. Religious dissenters(people who sought free religion) made up bulk of New England pop. 1. What was an indentured Servant? 1. Male population>Woman 1. English dumped shiploads of convicts into Americas, they didnt want to take responsibility! 1. Indentured Servants labor made up for Native Americans opposition to work and lack of slaves. 1. Headright System: masters got additional land grants for each additl servant 1. No one wanted to settle in the South because it was too much work; need slaves. Birth and Death 1. Cool climate, cleaner water, and lack of epidemic breeding contributed to long life expectancy, in the North. 1. In the South, life expectancy was much lower and children born often grew up without parents after age ten! (malaria and nasty water) Women and Families in the Chesapeake 1. Premarital sex was common due to skewed population ratio 1. 1/3 of marriages occurred while wife was pregnant. 1. Average woman had a child every 2 years, about 8 in her life. 1. But the women didnt live through all the births and often died before their children grew up 1. Southern women had power because lack of male control, husbands would die leaving them the plantation. Widowarchy. 1. Maryland and other colonies made courts protecting orphans due to high mortality rate. 1. As life expectancy Increased women lost some of their power and homes became patriarchal in

Chesapeake areas (Chesapeake in red) Women and Families in New England 1. More traditional than Chesapeake, where women married young and reproduced very early. Northern children survived longer than southern. 1. Fewer New England women became widows 1. All women did was raise/have kids 1. New Englanders were more family religious than South and Chesapeake 1. Anne Hutchinson-Example of limits on female power. Google her or see page 56. 1. Puritan religion expected women to be submissive. I would have a problem with this.

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Women=crucial to New England ag. The Beginnings of Slavery in British America 1. Demand for slaves ^^^ when tobacco became main staple of Chesapeake economy. 1. Late 17th century Black workers became plentiful READ THIS ARTICLE!! What was the main point? Why did racism emerge? What was the most important reason for racism? Reading these articles will help you build background knowledge, even if they are boring sometimes, they will connect things.. ;P 3. First black laborers arrived in America before 1620(remember this) 4. Most slaves went to West Indies 5. When slave trade opened to English, Africans importation to Americas increased rapidly because Royal African company monopoly broke apart so slave price decreased 6. Vast # slaves were..in the SOUTH! 7. Black= subject to slave code because the Whites are AWESOME-_Changing Sources of European Immigration 1. As English immigration declined, many different groups came in to take their place. 1. Huguenot Calvinists (French) came to America along with Palatine Germans. Most numerous immigrants were the Scotch_Irish (Scottish Presbyterians) 1. Non-Indian population was 2million before 1775. It doubled from Immigration and natural increase every 25 years The Colonial Economies 1. Some farmers=subsistence(Grow food for you to live on) vs. some farmers growing food to sell. The Southern Economy 1. In Chesapeake tobacco=basis of economy but production> Demand so tobacco industry would experience booms and busts. 1. Rice=South Carolina and Georgia.Indigo became popular in South Carolina as welll. The Northern Economy 1. New England climate and geography didnt allow for them to have a staple crop. 1. Large scale ship building and artisan, craftsmen professions emerged 1. Largest industrial enterprise=Iron making 1. Iron Act of 1750: Forbade Americans from engaging in metal processing( Parliament didnt want competition.) Ridiculous 1. Inadequate labor and inadequate infrastructure in North 1. Colonists took on labor and mining for industry creating a commercial class The Rise of Colonial Commerce 1. No monetary system so they used rough items such as fur skins and etc. 1. Need for imposed order on trade. Read read read this section.. 1. Coastal trade with West indies (sugar molasses slaves) linked colonies to network of commerce in TRIANGULAR TRADE(Sound familiar(;? ) 1. Merchants also carried rum and other goods from New England to Africa for slaves.

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Ignoring navigation acts, colonists developed a trading network with non-Britishthey profited

much more Patterns of Society 1. Unlike England, aristocratism emerged in the Americas with aristocracy measured by laborers than amount of land. More opportunity for social mobility in Americas The Plantations 1. Plantation sizes were HUGE. One in Maryland under Charles Carroll(wealthiest man in colonies) had 40,000 acres and 285 slaves! 1. Most landowners, however, lived in rough housing with servants or slaves nearby. 1. Since plantations were so rural, often small communities within the plantations arose. 1. Liasons between white masters and slave women were common.But I thought that slaves were animals? So that makes the Whites inhumane right?? Plantation Slavery 1. Africans developed their own structure of a nuclear family with surrogate relatives, marriage occurred but at high risk, as one slave could be sold. 1. Developed a creole language (English and African) Also their own mixed religion (Christianity+Folk) 1. Stono Rebellion- Slaves in South Carolina rebelled in 1739, tried to flee to Florida but killed. The Puritan Community 1. Covenants bound members in a religious and social commitment to unity and harmony. 1. Women<<<<<MEN 1. Land divided amongst all sons for inheritance 1. Tightly knit community, bound by the covenant and church, patriarchal structure. 1. As towns grew, people moved further out, sometimes making their own church/towns The Witchcraft Phenomenon 1. Tensions within the Puritans produced bizarre hysteria in the 1680-1690s. 1. Salem Witchcraft girls---See page 98.. 1. Accusations made out of jealousy. Cities 1. 1770s Philly and New York Populations over 25000 constituted first cities. 1. Elites lived in cities comfortably, whilst working men and craftsmen often lived in poor conditions. 1. Schools, shops and activies with elaborate governments, fire depts and police 1. Coffeehouses were a source of news and gossip The Colonial Mind 1. Enlightenment began to sweep Europe and America. Stress importance of Science and Human reason. People control their lives, The Pattern of Religions 1. Different varieties of religion made Colonies distinct and was considered the norm 1. Many religious ideals diverged from Calvinism. 1. Puritans thought the Pope was an antichrist0_0 The Decline of Piety 1. Due to so many diverse religions, people questioned whos religion was right 1. Scientific thought led people to reject religious ideas 1. Halfway Covenant was put in place to keep church in control of affairs. See page 102 The Great Awakening 1. Fresh start of religion opposing the rejection of piety 1. People felt a dilemma to remain faithful to God or to prosper in a secular world 1. Evangelists help them with the dilemma. 1. Johnathan Edwards preached a sort of neo Puritanism. Page 104 1. Weakened authority of church The Enlightenment 1. Product of great Scientific and intellectual discoveries in Europe 17th century 1. Argued reason not faith, which could advance knowledge 1. Humans dont always need God for decisions , look to yourself for guidance 1. Francis Bacon, Rene Descartes, John Locke (Europes Enlightenment Leaders) Eventually Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Thomas Paine would contribute Enlightenment ideals to Americas

Education 1. High value on Education, some families tried to teach their kids to read but housework and ag work kept them very busy. Schools began emerging in cities or with churches. 1. Large male literate population resulted in circulated publications like almanacs. Women were not as educated. 1. Harvard=first American college in MA! OOHHH YEAH HARVARDD 1636 created to educate Puritan ministers 1. Cambridge, William and Mary College were then established, along WITH YALE(: and PRINCETON

Case Study! Read it! Read it! You can do it! Page 106 What is the modern equivalent to an Almanac?
Education cont. Curriculum in schools included Physics, logic, Ethics, Latin, Astronomy, Rhetoricetc. Why is it so interesting that the earliest colleges were ivy league? The Allure of Science 1. Interest in science peaked in colonies 1. High value on its knowledge 1. Inoculation-Controversial practice of infecting people with things such as smallpox and trying to find cures. Concepts of Law and Politics 1. Scarcity of Lawyers until 1700 1. America est. its own legal system though England tried to intervene with its control. 1. Punishments=Whipping post, branding iron, the stocks, ducking stool for gossiping women. 1. 1.

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Local communities had control with minimal interferences from high officials In theory Parliament was in controlprovincial governors appointed by crown. British did little to assert authority When English tried to tighten controlthings got CRAZYYY CONCLUSION READ THIS TO SUM EVERYTHING UP! YAYYY WERE DONE