Reading Guide Chapter 4 Atmosphere Make sure to use the SCIENCE TEXTBOOK to find all the answers.

You have to read and follow the textALL answers are found within the chapter 1. Earths _______________________ is a thin layer of air that forms a protective covering around the ____________________. 2. If Earth had no atmosphere, days would be_______________ and nights would be __________________. 3. Earths atmosphere is a mixture of ____________, ____________ and liquids. 4. _______________ is the most abundant gas, comprising ________ % of the atmosphere. 5. ____________________ makes up 21% of Earths atmosphere. 6. ________ _________________ is released at a by-product into Earths atmosphere. 7. Earths atmosphere has ___________, each layer contains specific components. 8. The lowest layer of Earths atmospheric layer is the ____________________. 9. In the _________________, we eat, play and sleep. 10. 90% of water vapor is contained in the __________________. 11. The troposphere extends ________ km up. 12. The layer above the troposphere is the ____________________. 13. The 2nd layer extends ________________ km to _______________ km above the Earths surface 14. A high level of ___________ is contained in the 2nd layer. 15. The ozone is made up of ___ oxygen ________ bonded together. 16. The mesosphere extends _________km above Earth. 17. Something that may occur in the mesosphere: 18. Named for its high temperatures:

19. The thickest atmospheric layer and the hottest is the _______________. 20. The thickest and hottest layer is located between _____ km and ____________km. 21. Where is the ionosphere found: 22. What does the ionosphere cause to occur: 23. Where does the space shuttle orbit: 24. What lies beyond the exosphere: 25. Force exerted on an area is known as: 26. Air pressure is _______________near Earths surface and ___________ higher in the atmosphere. 27. Why do people find it difficult to breathe in the high mountains: 28. Why do jets in the stratosphere require pressurized cabins: 29. ______________ is the main source of energy on Earth. 30. Ozone is made of _____________. 31. Discuss the difference between the oxygen you breath and the oxygen in the ozone layer: 32. ________________ __________________ is one energy that comes to Earth from the Sun, too much exposure to this can cause skin cancer and premature aging. 33. ________________________________ are being blamed for destroying the ozone layer. 34. ________________________________ are found in refrigerators, air conditioners and aerosol cans. 35. ________________ is energy that flows from an object with higher temperature to an object with lower temperature. 36. Heat is transferred through the atmosphere in 3 ways: _________________, _________________, _______________________. 37. ___________________ is energy that is transferred in the form of rays or waves.

38. If you walk barefoot on a hot beach, your feet heat up because of ______________________. 39. _________________________ is the transfer of energy that occurs when molecules bump into one another. 40. Molecules are in motion, molecules in ___________ objects move faster than objects in ______________ objects. 41. After the air is warmed by radiation and conduction, the heat is transferred by _________________. 42. ___________________________ is the transfer of heat by the flow of material. 43. ____________________________ circulates heat throughout the atmosphere. 44. When air is warmed, the molecules_____________ _______________ and the air becomes _______________ dense. 45. Air pressure decreases because: 46. In cold air, molecules move ____________ _________________, air becomes __________ dense. 47. Cooler, denser air ____________ while the warmer less dense air ________________. 48. Uneven heating of Earths surface by the sun causes some areas to be_____________. 49. Warm air ___________ 50. Cold air _____________ 51. Wind is: 52. Cold, dense air comes from __________________ which receives less radiation from the sun. 53. Due to the Coriolis effect, winds and water appear to turn to the _______________ north of the equator and to the __________ south of the equator. 54. The windless, rainy zone near the equator is called ________________________. 55. Near the equator, the sun heats the air and causes it to ___________, which creates ____________ pressure and little wind. The rising air-cools and causes _____________.

56. Near 30 degrees north and south latitude, Earths rotation deflects air from _________ to east as air moves towards the ___________ regions. 57. In the US, the __________________ move weather systems. 58. Along the equator, heating causes air to expand and creates new air pressure, what type of weather occurs in the area; _____, __________________________. 59. ______________ ________________ are found near the poles. Near the North pole, ______________________ blow from north east to _____________________. 60. Near the _________ pole, polar _____________ blow from the south east to the ______________________. 61. Narrow belts of strong winds called ____________ _______________ blow near the top of the troposphere. 62. The ______________ ______________ moves faster in the winter because: 63. Jet stream helps move: 64. Give 2 examples of how jet pilots take advantage of jet streams: 1. 2. 65. Created during the day: 66. Created during the night: 67. Solar radiation warms the land _____________ than the water. 68. Air over the land is heated by _____________. 69. Heated air is __________ dense and has ____________ pressure. 70. Movement of air toward the water from the land is called a ____________ _______________.