Th

sil F
\

BIOL-2120 Midterm 24 Page 2 of 11

must a ribosomal polypeptide subunit pass through the nuclear pore complex before it

in the cytosol. B. One, because the mRNA that attaches to a ribosome must be exporled from the nucleus. fQ'Two, because the polypeptide is synthesized in the cytosolthen assembled into a ribosomal subunit in the nucleus tt/efore returning to the cytosol. -Hhree, because exportin must be returned to the nucleus after Ran cleaves GTP in the cytosol, in addition to the two trips listed in answer C. ,fiour, because both small and large ribosomal subunits are assembled by the nucleolus following subunit synthesis in

XZero, because ribosomes function only

the cuLosol.

\r 2ffixidalion

,l r.{n*none

of the following does not result in the creation of a proton qradient in ce-l[s?

of water by photosystem ll, followed by oxidation of photosystem ll in chloroplasts of NADH by Complex I in mitochondria -p<Oxidation 'FSxidarron of-cytochrome c by Complex lV )td1 wxtaalton oI cytocnrome C Dy Uomplex lv N 4 U t, Na 0 fi -") n.,l -D:fieduction of coenzyme Q by FADH2

6bR;il;ii;;;iG;.*u.uy jtycotysL t /
i

, 1 '- -'' 7 t'*,)[,tj,; -., +}'lt)

qt'.1

|"l

v-uo{4e '

\,r

'

sequence. tn li )l RNA polymerase ll before it can copy a DNA sequencell-J41fl betore DNA nev-erl@ves the boundaries of the nuclear nev_Brjg{es @ PNA Y l' ( | yt ta;aiiG l4riins\itl-gtissociate when they are \Nuclear \ruuctear
1-rqust [4J t rmilqust ptlo'bphorylate 4JlFlll.+{tust phosphorylate

h statement flest illustrates the principle that the nucleus functions to protect DNA? /i

:ilLl;,',o,r# ;;Rilp.>;;ffi;;;;;iii" -E 'fun-RNACcontains polvadenvlated

""qu"n"es not. mRNMcontains a polyadenylated tail but DNA does not.

membrane. phosphorylated. on pre-mRNA.

,. \'

I tnli i / )l i, 1 rI / , V,J I

fV ll. 'L/L,l I

! 4,n*nof )'j/-....--* Y -**goth

the followlng is not a similarity between mitochondria and chloroplasts?

are enclosed by a double membrane. use proton gradients to generate ATP. .-QrBoth use a cycle of chemical reactions to generate CO2 B Both use transit sequences to target cytosolic proteins to their interior compartments. \ Both contain a form of ATP synthase.

p$oth

\t/ y )+-The

1plNucleic acids are synthesized only in the 5'to 3' direction because:
generates pyrophosphate instead of monophosphate. allows DNA polymerase to proofread. permits double stranded DNA to be aligned as an antiparallel helix. allows DNA polymerase to copy both strands of a double stranded DNA simultaneously.

!./

reaction @The reaction -G*The reaction - BJhe reaction -E,The reaction

\S,-*-neps-eAtsd+vide&e{equick'ly D. lt helps multicellular organisms specialize @lt helps prevent cells fr6m dying
of the

\ ,dn"function l,/ 6A>fo

Calviuayle

is:

conveft sunlight energy, CO2, and H2O into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P).

@fo - to conveft a proton gradient, CO2, and NADPH

convert COz, NADPH, and nTp into gtyceraiObnyde-e-phosphate (G3P). into ATP, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), and 02. To strip electrons from H2O and generate a proton gradient and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P). _D. No convert NADH and FADH2 to a proton gradient and ATP

BIOL-2120 Midterm 24 Page 3 of 11

ffiqofVmerization of microtubules
(8.)Anaphase B

is an impofiant feature of:

At.qpl*Cf
pfluclear
imporl one of the above
.

_D:t,luclear export Which statement best describes the core promoter2 --+
encodes the TFIIE sequence that forms the core of the RNA polymerase Il enzyme complex
It encodes the central (core) sequence of a gene

C. lt encodes the sequences responsible for UaUSJ{IS_QAIA replication encodes the sequences immediatety "upiii&frrffie inir.rn transcription stafi site. -@tt l*[-encodes the sequences that promote expression of the core proteins in the nuclear pore complex.

l,/
E.

lf a eukaryotic cell could not form asfral microtubules, what impact would this likely have on that cell?

\f,

As[t 'lpxlt would be unable to secrete proteins.

would not form lysosomes. Qlt would be unable to successfully complete cell division. 'D-.1{would become smaller and rounder than unaffected normal cells.
It would die immediately.

,.*-

'>{^ k*P binds aatRNA in the snRNP during splicing, thereby forming the lariat. \1Bne significantly slows translation of uilinoa.yi-tnNA synthetase and thus inhibits aatRNA E SRP binds to aminoacyl IRNA synthetase and significantly slows synthesis of aatRNA.
lEgffignificantly
r

What is the relationship between Signal Recognition Parlicle (SRP) and aminoacyl IRNA (aatRNA)?

synthesis.

-@Agqg1nds

tsNAREs that encodl aatRNA, enhaicing aatilrun synihesis. slows the hydrolysis of aatRNA when it is bound to a ribosome.

. 1;{nr* does redox potential help explain the function of the mitochondrial electron transport *A lt explains why protons,
explains ae-lt explains :Q !t explains E) lt explains

chain?

@lt

rather than electrons, are passed through the ATP synthetase complex. why NADH generates more ATp equivalents than FADH, why water is the most abundant molecule in the mitocnondrial matrix. why sugars must be converted to acetyl CoA before they can be metabolized in mitochondria. why electron transport occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane instead of the outer mitochondrial

The difference between primary transcript (pre-mRNA) and mRNA is:

Pre-mRNA contains a polyadenylated tail, mRNA does not. B.\Pre-mRNA has not undergone splicing, mRNA has. r rrrn niiX'.i"u.,es is, m R NA h as. oyttlrlcDri \-'-" $".n'"-, n ffi Dr.Pre-mRNA is double stranded, mRNA is not. occurs only in prokaryotes, mRNA occurs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

il

;;i ;;;;r'J;i

\-mnruA
.

Which statement best describes the function of U1 and U2 snRNps?

bind to pre-mRNA at specific RNA sequences and are components of the spliceosome. form the A and P sites in ribosomes, respectively. liThey form the 5' and 3' caps on mRNA, respectively. B.They help link the small and large ribosomal subunits "\They bind to the core promoter io initiate transcription. together during the initiation stage of translation.

9!,"V -R*They

BIOL-2120 Midterm 2A Page 4 of '11

8. lf the protein named Ran was mutated so it could no longer bind GTP, what impact would this have on a cell?

ary N prqlgll tranglation

would cease, .' fusion with the Cis Golgi Network would cease. !:Glucope would no longer be transported into the cytosol. LD-froteitrs inside the nucleus would not function properly.

pYesicle

,ffimesattachedtotheERwouldnotbeabletotranslateproteins.
lgNhatstatement best explains why glucose transpod across the apical membrane in intestinal epithelial cells is
6ssified as indirect active transport?

@fh"

rGlucose is stored in the liver, but is initially absorbed by a different organ, the small intestine. -ts""[r/ost sugars must be digested in the mouth to generate glucose prior to absorption in the small intestine. C. Glucose digestion leads to the generation of ATP, and this ATP is then used to transpott additional glucose. Q. Glucose is transpofied both into and out of intestinal epithelial cells wiihout consuming ATP. formation of a glucose gradient requires a pre-existing sodium ion gradient. the function of 7-methylguanosine during transcription?

\ ,ortn^tis

Vo anerminates transcription when the stop codon is reached by RNA polymerase ll. \f t initiates transcription by forming the 5' end of mRNA. \lt permits the elongation phase of transcription by keeping the transcription bubble open. ' D. lt caps mRNA by forming an additional 5' end on mRNA, lt modifies the 5'end of mRNA. \ zd^inoacyl
$"!orms \ '-**Forms

V,.,/

tRNA synthetase:

a covalent bond between amino acids and tRNAs in the cytosol. a covalent bond between amino acids and a growing polypeptide in the P site of a mitochondrion. .-G Svnthesizes tRNAs in the nucleus that later form peptide bonds in the P site of a mitochondrion. -D-.synthesizes tRNAs in the cytosol that later encode amino acids in the nucleus. EForms the initiator tRNA that triggers transcription.

\.

,{2. Does the qene encoding a collagen polypeptide include a signal sequence?

because it begins translation in the cytosol. because the mRNA must undergo splicing to contain a signal sequence. (d.lYes. because it is secreted. H.No, b""ur." collagens are located in the extracellular matrix. E. Yes, because it binds integrins.

\Y"., -B-Nlo,

\)/, ,- I n. Cells do not secrete mannose-6-phosphate. - @C"tt" do not tag lysosomal proteins with mannose-6-phosphate.
C. Cells do not make mannose-6-phosphate receptors' D. Cells do not synthesize lysosomal proton pumps. E. Cells do not synthesize LDL receptors.
hich

What causes l-celldisease?

ost accurately describes lhe initiation phase of translation?

in

"n

Ihehucleus immediately following transcription.

B.T C.T
, D.iTrat'rslat I E. Translat

Ulen $np and SRP receptor both cleave GTP.

,v(hen hbpTo cleaves ATP. initiatetiwhen the two mitochondrial subunit6'bind to mRNA and initiator IRNA. ir'Ccgrs wfrin tne.lwo mitochondrial subunits are assembled in the nucleous.

BIOL-2120 Midterm 24

Page5of11
hich statement best describes the difference between kinetochore microtubules and polar microtubules?

A. Kinetochore microtubules form in Anaphase A, polar microtubules form in Anaphase B.

B. Kinetochore microtubules ,QKinetochore microtubules '@)Kinetochore microtubules E. Kinetochore microtubules undergo dynamic instability, polar microtubules do not. are capped at the plus ends, polar microtubules are not. pull chromosomes apad, polar microtubules push centrosomes apart. contain GTP caps, polar microtubules do not.

i\dutarVf',i"h statement most accurately describes how translation is terminated? j/\ V ;Q1{,be polyadenylated tail of mRNA binds to the A site of a ribosome, preventing
I

addition of aminoacyltRNAs. stop codon on mRNA occupies the P site of a ribosome, preventing the formation of peptide bonds. -(EiThe \Release lartpr cleaves GTP, thereby cleaving the 3' end of mRNA.

rffibrbindstothestopcodbn,sothePsitecannotformanymorepeptidebonds.
@factorcleavesthe7-methylguanosinecap,causingmRNAtodissociatefromtheribosome. 2/. Consider the following statements about the endomembrane system. Which of them are false?
''"
fre

,\

eil"tt".

on

cor[ oligqr6
receptors rel

to drive proieins th roni dolidhol ol

ER , to

SNARES bInd ihe corfu#gosr

,'*[y S,$tins

rpfus/rhoditieo io release their ligands

brane; this is called indirect active transporl y synthesized proteins in the ER e/lysosome. nnose-6-phophatre (M6P)

28. Which one of the following statements is true?

of all mRNAs encoded by nuclear genes begins in the cytosol. synthesized on the ER sudace are attached to mannose-6-phosphate sugars. C. All RNAs contain 7-methylguanosine. proteins into the nucleus requires cytosolic hsp70. -\mport of alltranslate all RNAs. fflbosomes

-&Iranslation B^Att proteins

29. Based on our discussion in lecture, protein import into the peroxisome most closely resembles protein import in:
lysosome

reticulum Network
30. h statement best describes glycolysis?

@t

It converts glucose to NADH, FADH2, and CO2. B. lt converts CO2 and H2O to glucose and ATP. Q-. lt converts glucose to ethanol, acetyl CoA, and NADH. converts glucose to pyruvate, NAbH, and ATP. E. lt converts glucose into a proton gradient that then makes ATP in mitochondria.

BIOL-2120 Midterm 2A Page 6 of 1'1

/ ,, Adid "

f \1oo^"m

the research article by Rousson et al., discussed in recitation module 2-2, helpclarify how the brane system f unctions?

that the Trans Golgi Network sorls proteins into vesicles that form endosomes. ' --X'itillustrated that acidity is required for activation of lysosomal hydrolases. /ry1|illustrated 9ll illustrated that acidic hydrolases must be glycosylated to be properly sorled to lysosomes. 7D: lt illustrated that the core oligosaccharide is built on dolichol phosphate. .E..lt illustrated that lysosomal proton pumps contain ER signal sequences.

,,/,r/nch statement best describes the function of Photosystem ll? V{i, "onvefis photon energy into high energy electrons
. lt reduces
COz to generate glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P).

--e..If makes NADPH -Gffdissipates a proton gradient to conveft ADP + Pi into ATP --E:Iltransfers electrons between Photosystem I and Photosystem lll to generate

a proton gradient

\M *filt

/SS.yth^tdoes the study of sphingolipid activator proteins (SAPs), described in the paper in module 2-3, add to our
ulderstandinq of how lysosomes function?
illustrates that the core oligosaccharide is transferred to lysosomal proteins in the ER. / B.)lt illustrates that lysosomal enzymes can be activated by a mechanism independent of mannose-6-phosphate 'T6ceptors.

.ffiitlustrates

that acidic hydrolases must be secreted to be properly sorted to lysosomes. illustrates that lectins act as antibodies for glycoproteins. _D''tt 'E-ll illuslrates that I cell disease is caused by failure to form lysosomes.

tl2r6karVotes?
\.lnitiation factor" \*[nitiator tRNA
_(9.large

S4./tlhich of the following is found in thel70)ihitiation complex, but not in the 30S initiation complex, during translation

,/

'--\.

''/

proteins

\mRNA

ribosomal subunit

E. Small ibosomalsubunit
'a cell was transfected with a plasmid encoding Green Fluorescent Protein, and the result was accumulation of GFP e nucleus, which statement best explains this result?

A. The GFP B. The GFP @fhe GFP D. The GFP

is cleaved by signal peptidase. binds to Ran-GTP. gene was engineered to include a Nuclear Localization Sequence. gene was engineered to include a stop transfer sequence. E. The GFP binds cytosolic hsp70.

5 u'runry

BIOL-2120 Midterm 2A

Page7of1l

1. Draw the DNA replication fork at the level of detail discussed in class, illustrating how both strands of DNA are glplqoyq y. Labe l you r d ag ram com pl ete y. Ig_pl,_"gggl! T
l

-''--

$.G- drP r^

.rl&t"
..1

#\ *, ?.;;."{-t'rd,tit}Y r*ir.:n

J- sEO'

ffiffii
stra^clQ
rz

,rr;r.{},^i -nrY:;'"t,

g**,

,-ffi't',Y**
5l
Tcwpt

,'-69

ate.4vctg-"e-lS@

att
C$.

<--DNlAe \
Poqrlre1cs3 v/

-Strua n

r\u

5'
Bo-lt

B,

r-rW,

" rnlc{e. en--r'nr

roPticat*e pt'JA *ro'vt

*T$f

tln

Y_- !::-ff.

l}"r'4

*l

't /-r,.,a /er*rge c{ .5 l'r"{ /t CJ' t J .sq **"t1,.xgJ ael 'l'*

{eS*S

preres catled grytl *il/t t4e44Q ) -f.^o,* Jo'n.ed by

ts

BIOL-2120 Midterm 24

Page8of11

2.

Draw a translocon in the ER membrane, label the structures you draw, and briefly describe the functions of each. The ER membrane has been drawn to get you stafted, and is described as an example of the format you should use.

$)D

trtf gf

r O"t*

V,ctrtr fu"r-t1^'g srl *J Qrul ',1 ,-' ff,f ,, *gt^ r*."tAre*'(

t-

(.iboscr-ni*

n^R$S
1,-1y;i6$il,nnC

?qrt@-7,7ffi-ssP,
_

@&p4N-f\rp Chaotpi ,'n

ER membrane:forms selectively permeable barrier between cytosol and ER lumen

6lcawc) C;fP 72,*+--u+r"-\5

+! ehcx

&turu,p-n

rrlr0&r$,rzl-

teqefu -

rrbcscryr-l-

Tr'ctn$(oco.r- -f*ty

'^tttl r.rlaAJtr.,.t t;tl { tLoCE r L^rt/\tu\--^ G- f(t/p'p-l'<h ; 'fl' cti-i r;"- N {-r go -f.r':o '^gn c"a4'*n*s f .'--hg* 6q i *otlr fot{s.* -frr.* *Jh "e". r'-'*vbrt.14 *t7'r7-/-tV s:,''fle'" 16[,*r'e'3
J */^+.U..,

4-r"rr-

gol

ts lYr,*a,vff *.u ?8{ +o Sl3,q 1nh19, b,.r&1, - cl&na @vO-^A9 fu- s,7nol g'{" sr*t'*"*t'fu*c'*tf, -"""-:a-( "'x'qL4Q4<1 ozr '4ut*'
-

tT

,;S,
'

'{n.,*) (Yc(''flLt l, i:-f lsr"bf] - 'Tl,r.f ffl f'r*l ,r: l,ir'e ;'t' .'-lt . , ir ""'l -- ,'f *et s, ST fr t\!\ wJ tL ".--u,^3 , -s-f6,-* it: lS /; t76tt;"{,LLs re-! c>$d =h^<- M t at Llt*t1q S-fzu> ,,u, i { I Ca.w< 4t^-< 6'^o4an -fo i-sr'a ea i' t t'* da'Irt on1- | k arr*rz=g qn cn*$r q F fYo ktt^ '
-'

- -Tvr<. pr.o fcl n ,*,rCL? Jr d-q:(f

,;^,

.<?

i-f

{)

.5.{}f{

!"4

,,*,-5. f3r" cr
'r. a-

^,or,rlrr.n".r*.n ...t. a -{* r- ut " I ' " '+ r'i r

i,,.,,.

l l i {t ...r .-'r:r,,..,' / d \ i f ::! t'v., ."f f ."r {. t4. I ro, ."'y'.,

,

| r

{ r e+

t*t
,'^

-/ l* t-

J r'' r', i,

,l

\r..

.-)- f

t ,- t --n.. -4

,*--

*i

rL.nr

+f

r-{

,,.,.1

,:--, {

1"

qlucose is transpofted from the lumen of the small intestine to the liver, based on the drawing we take place n lecture. Labelyour diagram completely and indicate where uniport,:ryLand AliBrt y occur in more than one ;

BIOL-212O Midterm 2A

Page9of11

location).

-/-V
t

e p ,11^o
-C

ro'[

'et

7 n 'v l5 c

----\

n Jo {

Ct (

c<.lr'Cf ,,,. *l f J*l , ,r-L

a\

\
-r,rClrr('C* O,Lilt< .Ycl'r5p r*

i
\

A:WJic^rr
'ir!,;:*:,**o*ii-",)

,T)2$,*r
,.---Qylt
btood ^.Sg-ett l.a ,q ] , rrc-\
, . --l::l*.:r>* J
\

;,;;::x ?):lk;"G:;:!3 :;,#:;;

"{Y
|

;*#-r'

-''o

;,se r

,7
--fr"'

BIOL-2120 Midterm 24 Page 10 of 1 1

/gram how cells build lysosomes, and include in your diagram an explanation for how recycling of receptors occurs.

l;t i r
i

ll i,

Ir Ii Ir

li:'l
I i

ll

l:

,,1

rfr rL
,-*,

i,\ )
\
\
i
i I

i" t, ,l I 1l

i , i i i

,@ -\
?7

i itlo'.\/ t'

\'1 i'\ t',,. j{\ l.

'

l,'

l,

1-(

-\

in ,a,
LDL

,n 7J*(c,4 h'o"- o,

{ ^c'dd N

'-15{}S$l!'u{

1u'f

(.t't( in Qvest (l(. /qiFth{ c-lcrs- r-rtcl o{ *1,<x dtaclwc+rv1' G \/Sictt' t'r-:/ y4 t\fli',*, (,,(t A!I- rx-sser rlnd ec,C)c h'td*oLa,O< CfuxE +zi lttu><lecl v\)t aP r-'td<)su&t(0v( ((lffta<c{ f,'o,tt *tt<t #iS)' l3c'ta go<a''cl6sti:;". *c '{rcr"t 6r.,1
') utrrc* {-vcie+xw t, tu aciJi . t.'-,'rr-, lc'c,+Dzt l:Wfl iJe ,F**t'11'h. n H'!f:: *r, ilt: ' + ts 'y'1)t> ' +;i f'l;i 4 W (c*-Ly e'r.ros,r.'-* be 7*'"P'11 lztt-*-ir*' -t1,.-e.1v* ,- (cl, p*c,^ , J- 4ltt<. lzi'tc 'in s{li c vt lv..r'l t','-t br*Lk 1-" LDL :5 +bt^'Jrr:y'-ilr'l i'i"i':"-''r(Lgc<;tt^t< ?toLcp--<), Tw g"ok 'A .aq,c*,-'J 4*
I '(

).-i [r,'ndj s a' f^e c*'t a.(i7 *uat r'cd]$""] t{"'{ 5 'tl/r< re t I b 1 ,+ {-,;tt,i i;',' -.,-?r,}f r :-t).,\lt[Jv r s z"L3t,i6d brv ecVtc" ('\ ail^doccl+G5i5 . Ar'tCe tnlfiQ-, LDL-r p,,tt(g/r;,o,n.a "4.<nlz$) "*
-s'i,..*,,1.f

l.o^el-q*-:
rj

c@
i

a. rvtle c^t< a'{ LDr- 6'x"/""d

in Ptlerng

-i t'.*

r',.1

i,

ltn| (0.- a-oeaar-1, j

t

,,<

l"rue<-J -f',-o.- -t'L*

-]?i;

'..i

'; il;I orlh. fi"iJ:,['f

BIOL-2120 Midterm 2A

Page11 of11
5.

iete the Table below, using the appropriate numbers to indicate the correct cellular compaftment(s) for each Assume metabolism is aerobic, not anaerobic. An example is provided for you. Event Location(s)

2= ER membrane

EEFI-tumen
4= Mitochondrial matrix 5= lnner mitochondrial membra ne 6= Trans GolgiNetwork 8=Peroxisome
9= lnter membrane space in mi
10= Ea+trendosome

]4i crotubule denolvmerization

Cleavaqe of sisnal peptidc Reduction of Or Generation of ovruvate Dissipation of Ht gradient to create ATP Reduction of NAD* Oxidation of NADPH -Disestion of Low Density Lipoprotein Bindins to Ran-GTP Oxidation of H,O

*,T'4
A t/L t"t

13 \"/ \3

l<./ ta
l(^

-#Ysosome
-

('

-tHect@]ble
'13= Cytosol

11- Lateendsosome
14= Chloroplast stroma

'15= lnner chloroplast membrane

"

.J; ,-J

)-(- t+

-re r -1. Y-[ =K t+ 1 ,/ ,-? ,B

l

16= Thylakoid membrane

't/

/.

Co^pl"te the table below, indicating the reactants and products for the following metabolic reactions:
Metabolic Reactions
Reactants Products

0,,5r(,

i,

a', i{ \ r f, L*\ rJ('t i l: '-" '/) .\:ri t*ri

Glvcolvsis a
,r/

r]\rr-a'l-,{'
)

'xSDl
i'f i'

ADP ,- Pi

oo;
Calvin Cycle

ArP
,,,#-,

C3P *,

-r5
I

4Dr"l;
H.C, NAD, .FAD,
t-''?
,}

c.-, - N
Mitocondrial Electron Transport Chain

frTp'

Nryft
Krebs Cycle

-l

G4{"i.ti i',,i

ffiii+*
I .x-)4 v ,l'

&w
SCoRE: PART

, JI,

+ PART

II

?1.5

ry5
$c

_ c^, r( r->'
out of 70 points

!-) r
\t

7,z-'*\,

tolai
a

[55> / -7 a)

t-*/-\