JAPANESE ALPHABET

KOREAN ALPHABET
The Hangul Alphabet

The double consonants marked with * are pronounced fortis. There is no symbol in IPA to indiciate this.

MONGOLIAN ALPHABET
Vowels

Consonants

Consonant/vowel combinations

Numerals
The first set of numbers (tegen, nigen, etc.) are Classical Mongolian, the others are modern Mongolian.

Punctuation

CAMBODIAN (KHMER) ALPHABET

Consonants

Subscript consonants

Inpedendent vowels

Numerals

Sample text

Translation
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

LAO ALPHABET
Consonants

The consonants in the final row are compounds and conjuncts used as alternatives to the basic consonants.

Vowel diacritics (with k)

Numerals

Tone indication
Open syllables unmarked Class 1 low mid Class 2 low rising mid Class 3 high mid Closed syllables * short vowel long vowel high falling high low falling low falling high low falling high falling mid high falling

* Closed syllables are those ending with p, t or k

Sample text

Transliteration mm m m m m m n tw kh phai kh m papht ta kn kh kn kp piany n kn. php thaw tham kn. Thuk thuk khn v manut thuk thuk khn khwan

Translation
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. (Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

THAI ALPHABET

The consonants in the final row are compounds used as alternatives to the basic consonants. The letter o ang acts as a silent vowel carrier at the beginning of words that start with a vowel.

Vowel diacritics (

Numerals (

Tone indication Class 1 Mid Low Falling Low Low Class 2 Rising Low Falling Low Low Class 3 Mid Falling High High Falling

BURMESE ALPHABET
Consonants

Vowels and vowel diacritics

Numerals

Sample Text

Translation From Me'-za mountain's jungle foothills, Washed by the circling river constantly, My heart, against my will, yearns for the Golden City

TIBETAN ALPHABET
Consonants

Extra consonants for writing Sanskrit loan words

Conjunct consonants

Vowels diacritics

Numerals

Sample text (

: u-chen script)

Sampe text (

: gyuk yig script)

Translation
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. (Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

BENGALI ALPHABET
alphabet

Vowels and vowel diacritics

Consonants

A selection of conjunct consonants

Modifier symbols

Numerals

Sample text in Bengali

TELUGU ALPHABET
Vowels

Consonants

Conjunct consonants

Other symbols

Numerals

Sample text in Telugu

Transliteration
Pr vv d v v m v y m m v e r r j m svata r m g d r . Vr takara sapannulagu r m br bv m v r pavalayunu.

TAMIL ALPHABET
Vowels and vowel diacritics

Non-standard consonant-vowel combinations

Consonants

Numerals

The numerals rarely appear in modern Tamil texts. Instead, 'Arabic' numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.) are used. Other symbols

Sample text in Tamil

Transliteration Maitap piaviyi r r m r m v urimaika m m mavarka. Avarka yy peavarka. Avarka oruvaruaor v r r

akkiaar; avarka matippilum y m m y y m y pa rv kil naantuko v um.

ARABIC ALPHABETS
Arabic consonants

Arabic vowels The short vowels (a, i, u) and the diacritics attached to the long vowels are usually written only in poetry, textbooks for foreign learners, children's books and the Qur'an (Koran)

Numerals with number names in Standard Arabic

HEBREW ALPHABET
Modern Israeli pronunciation

Hebrew vowel points / Nikkud )(

The first row of IPA transcriptions is the Modern Israeli Hebrew pronunciation, the second row is the Medieval/Tiberian pronunciation.

Modern Cursive Hebrew script

Rashi

ARAMENIAN ALPHABET
Eastern Armenian alphabet

Western Armenian alphabet

Armenian punctuation

Sample text in Armenian

Transliteration Bolor mardik tsnvum en azat u havasar irents' arzhanapatvut'yamb u iravunqnerov. Nranq unen banakanut'yun u khighch & mimyants' petq e' yeghbayrabar veraberven

GEORGIAN ALPHABET
Asomtavruli ()

Nuskhuri ()

Mkhedruli ()

Sample text in Georgian in the Asomtavruli alphabet

Sample text in Georgian in the Mkhedruli alphabet

Sample text in Georgian in the Nuskhuri alphabet

Transliteration
Qvela adamiani ibadeba tavisupali da tanasts'ori tavisi ghirsebita da uplebebit. Mat minich'ebuli akvt goneba da sindisi da ertmanetis mimart unda iktseodnen dzmobis sulisk'vetebit.

DEVIHE ALPHABET
Dhivehi (Maldivian), an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 300,000 people in the Maldives and on India's Minicoy Islands.

Thaana consonants

Thaana vowel diacritics

Letters used for transliterating Arabic words (thiki jehi thaana)

Sample texts

Transliteration
Hurihaa insaanun ves ufanvanee, dharaja'aa'i a'quthakuga'i minivankamaa'i hamahamakan libigenvaa ba'e'ge gothuga'eve. Emeehunnash heyo visnumaa'i, heyo bu'dheege baaru libigenva'ava. Adhi emeehan ekaku anekakaa medhu muaamalaath kuranvaanee, ukhu'vaththeri kamuge rooe'ga'ava.

SINHALA ALPHABET
Vowels

Vowel diacritics with ka

Consonants

Numerals

These numerals are no longer used in written Sinhala, instead the Western-style numerals are used. Spreadsheet of the Sinhala alphabet (Excel, 56K)

Sample text in Sinhala

Transliteration
Sy m gme y y d v d y ye y b. G r v ye y v m m ve . Y ov v v a s y y d r v y b y d b d gme .

GEEZ/ETHIOPIC ALPHABET

Punctuation

Numerals
These numerals developed from the Greek alphabet, possibly via Coptic.

Sample text in Ge'ez

Translation
Word of blessing of Henok, wherewith he blessed the chosen and righteous who would be alive in the day of tribulation for the removal of all wrongdoers and backsliders.

DEVANGAR ALPHABET

Other symbols

Consonants

Variant letters

A selection of conjunct consonants

Numerals

GUJART SCRIPT
Vowels and vowel diacritics

Consonants

A selection of conjunct consonants

Numerals

Sample text in Gujart

Transliteration Prati d r dr rv m kara y c m r

v j m rb d

v r m v v r v j .

y c

.T m

m v cr

PUNJABI ALPHABET
Vowels and Vowel diacritics (Laga Matra)

Consonants (Vianjans)

Other symbols

Numerals

Sample text in Punjabi (Gurmukhi alphabet)

Transliteration
Sr zd r d e qq zz d d o z b rb r d dj b cr .O q r m j c g m c d . d d c

MALAYALAM ALPHABET
Vowels (svaram)

Vowel diacritics with ka

Consonants (vyanjanam)

A selection of conjunct consonants

Numerals

The simplified versions are shown in blue.

Sample text

Transliteration

Manuy re v r m yv a m b r r bv oe er m v a manuy

um v ry m j cc v r. A y y m v v b dd y m m y m dd my r

ORIYA ALPHABET
Vowels and vowel diacritics with k

Consonants

Some conjunct consonants

Numerals

Sample text

Sabu manu j bibake niha c

m r m e

v d r r

amaina r b brd b

r o d r aa kari r

m a re r b o j r r r .

KHUDAWADI (SINDHI) SCRIPT