Book 1 Beginners Ene 2012

JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
INTRODUCTORY
TO
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
BOOK 1 FOR BEGINNERS
LEVEL I SECOND EDITION
Edited by: Professor JOS VRTIZ H.
INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I
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Students name: ______________________________
Address: ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________
Phone number: ______________________________
January, 2012 Cd. Jurez, Chihuahua. Mexico
Professor, Jos Vrtiz H.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS LEVEL I

LESSON 1 GREETINGS, THE ABCS, NUMBERS, TIME, ETC.
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 The ABCs: Spelling words and phrases ------------------Greetins and meeting people ----------------------------The numbers --------------------------------------------------------Ordinate numbers -----------------------------------------------Days, months, and years -------------------------------------The time --------------------------------------------------------Vocabulary --------------------------------------------------------My background -----------------------------------------------The colors --------------------------------------------------------My family --------------------------------------------------------Fruit and vegetables -----------------------------------------------The food a meals -----------------------------------------------The animals -----------------------------------------------My body parts -----------------------------------------------Common and proper nouns -------------------------------------Definite and indefinite articles: the, a, and an ---------A vs. an: the use of: a / an with final u / h ------------------Plural form endings: -s, -es, -ies, -ves ------------------Irregular nouns -----------------------------------------------Error analysis -----------------------------------------------Common verbs and their pronunciation -------------------The simple present tense of be: (am-is-are) ---------Negatives, questions and answers ----------------------------The use of the verb have -------------------------------------Negative and question with dont-doesnt- didnt ---------The use of be vs. have -------------------------------------The simple past tense of be: (Was-were) ------------------Negative, questions and answers ----------------------------The present and past progressive ------------------The future tense with: be + going to ---------------------------Negatives, questions and answers ----------------------------The future with: be and other verbs ----------------------------The contracted form -----------------------------------------------Professor, Jos Vrtiz H.
Page 05 07 11 12 15 16 20 21 22 24 26 29 34 38 41 43 45 51 52 54 57 58 61 67 67 71 73 75 80 85 87 91 93 3
LESSON 2 VOCABULARY: COLORS, FAMILY, & MORE
LESSON 3 SINGULAR & PLURAL NOUNS
LESSON 4 THE VERB TO BE
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LESSON 5 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS THIS & THAT

5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 The use of this / that (singular) Negative, question, and aswers The use of these / those (plural) Negative, question, and aswers The past of this/these/that/those Negative, question, and aswers -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 95 96 98 101 105 106
LESSON 6 THERE IS & THERE ARE

6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 The use of There is and there are ----------------------------Negative, question, and aswers ----------------------------The past tense of There is and there are -------------------Negative, question, and aswers ----------------------------108 111 113 113
LESSON 7 NOUNS & ADJECTIVES

7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Using adjectives to describe nouns ----------------------------Using nouns as adjectives -------------------------------------More adjectives -----------------------------------------------The use of good and well -------------------------------------Using adjectives and adverbs with ful and ly ---------116 121 125 127 129
LESSON 8 POSSESSIVE NOUNS

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.6 8.7 Singular nouns without s (s ) ----------------------------Singular nouns that end with s ( ) ----------------------------Plural nouns that end with s (s ) ----------------------------Plural nouns without s ( ) ----------------------------Phrases with one owner-one property ------------------Phrases with two owners-same property -------------------Phrases with two owners-different property ------------------Exercises of possessive nouns ----------------------------131 132 133 133 134 134 134 135
LESSON 9 PRONOUNS PREVIEW

9.1 9.2 9.3 Personal (subject) pronouns -------------------------------------Objecto pronouns -----------------------------------------------Possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns ---------142 145 147
REFERENCE PAGES Vocavulary: --------------------------------------------------------Sentence formulas of the verb to be ----------------------------All forms of the verbs ------------------------------------------------
149 157 168
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Lesson 1
Greetings, ABCs, Numbers, & Vocabulary
1.1 SPELLING WORDS. A i B bi O u P pi C ci D di Q qui R ar E i S es THE ALPHABET F ef T ti G lli H ich U i V vi I i J lli W dbol iu EL ABECEDARIO K ki X eks L el Y gai M em Z tzi N en
EXERCISE 1: SPELLING Directions: Spell the words indicated bellow.

EJERCICIO 1: DELETREANDO Direcciones: Deletrea las palabras indicadas en seguida.
Example: Please spell your first and last names. J-O-S-E V-E-R-T-I-Z H-E-R-N-A-N-D-E-Z
Ejemplo: Por favor deletrea tu nombre y apellidos.
1. Please spell your first name for me. 2. Please spell your last name for me. 3. Please spell your fathers first name. 4. Please spell your mothers first name. 5. Please spell the name of your sister. 6. Please spell the name of your brother. 7. Please spell your teachers name.
___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________
8. Please spell your classmates first name. ___________________________________________ 9. Please spell the name of the street where you live. ___________________________________ 10. Please spell the name of the neighborhood where you live. ____________________________ 11. Please spell the word: table. 12. Please spell the word: work. 13. Please spell the word word. ________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________
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14. Please spell the word: she. 15. Please spell the word: they. 16. Please spell the word: window. 17. Please spell the word door. 18. Please spell the word: house. 19. Please spell the word: home.
______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________
20. Please spell the word: supervisor. _____________________________________________ 21. Please spell the word: bus. 22. Please spell the word boss. 23. Please spell the word: black. 24. Please spell the word: blue. 25. Please spell the word luck. 26. Please spell the word: lesson. 27. Please spell the word: want. 28. Please spell the word: house. 29. Please spell the word: chapter. 30. Please spell the word: file. 31. Please spell the word: woman. 32. Please spell the word: man. 33. Please spell the word: women. ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________
34. Please spell the word: company. ______________________________________________ 35. Please spell the word: lead. ______________________________________________
36. Please spell the word: group lead. _____________________________________________ 37. Please spell the word wonderful. ______________________________________________ 38. Please spell the word: chair. 39. Please spell the word: go. 40. Please spell the word: play. ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________
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1.2
GREETINGS and MEETING PEOPLE
SALUDOS Y CONOCIENDO GENTE
We talk to people everyday, so its very important to know how to say hello to somebody and start a conversation.
Todos los das, hablamos con gente. As es que, es muy importante saber cmo decir "Hola" a alguien y empezar una conversacin.
VOCABULARY Good morning/good afternoon Good evening/good night Hi, Hello, Hi there? How are you? How do you do? How are you today? How are you this morning? How are you this afternoon? Im fine thank you. And you? Im fine too. Thank you. My name is Joe. Its nice to meet you. My name is Susan. Its nice to meet you too. Whats up? Whats up man? Whats up guy/guys? Let me introduce myself My name is Joe. Its nice to meet you. Nice to meet you. Where are you from? Im from Mexico City. What about you?
VOCABULARIO
Buenos das/buenas tardes Buenos noches/buenos noches al despedirse Hola, cmo ests? Cmo ests? Como te va? Cmo ests? Como te va? Como ests hoy? Cmo ests esta maana? Cmo ests esta tarde? Estoy bien gracias. Y t? Estoy bien tambin. Gracias. Mi nombre es Joe. Gusto en conocerte. Mi nombre es Susan. Gusto en conocerte tambien. Hola, que pasa? Que pas? Que onda? Qu pasa compa? Qu onda compa? Qu onda chavo/chavos? Permtame presentarme Mi nombre es Joe (Pepe / Jos) Gusto en conocerte De dnde eres? Soy de la ciudad de Mxico. (Soy de Mxico, D.F.) Y t? Y que de ti? Y que en tu caso? Where do you live? Donde vives? Where are you living? Donde estas viviendo? Donde vives? What are you doing? Qu ests haciendo? Im working. Im studying. Im eating. Estoy trabajando, estudiando, comiendo Where are you going? A dnde vas? Im going to work. Im going to my English class. Voy a trabajar. Voy a mi clase de Ingls. What are you up to? Que haces? En que andas? Que estas por hacer? Im going to the cafetera. Im going to eat. Voy a la cafetera. Voy a comer. Im going to my place. Im going to my office. Voy a mi lugar. Voy a mi oficina. My family and I are going to the movie. Mi familia y yo vamos a ir al cine. Im going to my house. Im going home. Voy a mi casa. Voy a casa. Whats the meaning of (chair) in Spanish? Cul es el significado de (chair) en Espaol? Whats the meaning of (silla) in English? Cul es el significado de (silla) en Ingls? How do you say (table) in Spanish? Como se dice (table) en Espaol? How do you say (mesa) in English? Como se dice (mesa) en Ingls? How do you Spell the Word ( . . . )? Como deletreas/escribes la palabra ( . . . )? How do you pronounce the word T-I-E? Como se pronuncia la palabra (T-I-E)? How do you say the word T-I-E Como se dice (se pronuncia) la palabra (T-I-E)?
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EXERCISE 2: GREETINGS. Directions: Pair up with a classmate and practice some words and phrases from the previous vocabulary.
EJERCICIO 2: SALUDOS. Direcciones: Juntate con uno de tus compaeros de clase y practica algunas palabras y frases del vocabulario anterior.
A: Good morning. Good afternoon. Good evening. Good night. Spanish: Buenos das. Buenas.tardes. Buenas noches. Buenas noches al despedirse B: Hi there? How do you do? How are you? How are you doing? Spanish: Cmo ests? Que tal? Hola! A: How are you today? How are you this morning/ this afternoon? Spanish: Cmo ests hoy? Cmo ests esta maana/esta tarde? B: Im fine. Thank you. And you? A: Im okay thanks. And yourself? Spanish: Estoy bien, gracias. Y t? Spanish: Estoy bien, gracias. Y t?
B: Im fine. How about you? How about yourself? Spanish: Estoy bien, gracias. Y t? B: Its nice to see you. Its good to see you. A: Its good/nice to see you too.
INTRODUCING YOURSELF
Spanish: Gusto en verte Spanish: Gusto en verte tambin.
PRESENTANDOTE TU MISMO CON OTROS
A: Hello, my name is Joe. Its nice to meet you. Spanish: Hola, mi nombre es Joe. Gusto en conocerte. B: Hi. My name is Susan. Its nice to meet you too. Spanish: Hola. Mi nombre es Susan. Gusto en conocerte tambin. A: Where are you from Susan? Spanish: De dnde eres Susan? B: Im from Guanajuato. How about you Joe? Where are you from? Spanish: Soy de Guanajuato. Y t Joe? De dnde eres? A: Im from Mexico, City. Spanish: Yo soy de Mxico, D.F. B: Well, see you later Joe. Nice meeting you. Spanish: Bueno, nos vemos Joe. Gusto en conocerte. A: My pleasure Susan. See you. Spanish: Fu un placer Susan. Hasta luego.
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MAS VOCABULARIO
MORE VOCABULARY
Whats the meaning of office in Spanish? Whats the meaning of oficina in English? Spanish: Cul es el significado de Office in Spanish? How do you say felz in English? How do you pronounce the word felz in English? Spanish: Cmo se dice felz en Ingls? Cmo se pronuncia la palabras felz en Ingls? How do you spell the word window? Spanish: Cmo se deletrea la palabra window? Is this correct? Is this right? Yes, it is. No, its not. Spanish: Est bien esto? S est bien. No, no est bien. Am I correct? Am I right? Spanish: Estoy bien?
Yes, you are. No, youre not. Spanish: Estoy bien? Estoy bien? S, lo ests. No, no ests bien. I dont understand. I didnt understand. Spanish: No entiendo. Spanish: No Entend.
A: () Can you help me? Would you help me please? Could you help me please? Spanish: (Sofia), puedes ayudarme? Podras ayudarme por favor? Podras ayudarme por favor? B: Yes, I would. Sure, I can. Yes, I could. Okay. What do you need? Spanish: S podra. Seguro. S podra. Est bien. Qu necesitas? A: I need to know the meaning of the word in Spanish / English. Spanish: Necesito saber el significado de la palabra en Espaol / Ingls. B: I dont know that word, but let me ask someone else (somebody else). ( ,,, ) Could you help us? Spanish: No conozco esa palabra, pero dejame preguntarle a alguien ms. (Karen), puedes ayudarnos? C: Sorry. I dont know the meaning either. Let me ask our teacher. Spanish: Lo siento, yo no s el significado tampoco. Dejenme preguntarle a nuestro professor. C: Teacher, would you help us please? Spanish: Profesor, prodra ayudarnos por favor? Teacher: Sure, I would. What do you want to know? What do you need? What do you need to know? Spanish: Seguro que s. Qu quieren saber? Qu necesitan? Qu necesitan saber?
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MORE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
MAS PREGUNTAS Y RESPUESTAS
A: Whats your name? Cmo te llamas? Cul es tu nombre? B: My name is Pedro. Mi nombre es Pedro. Me llamo Pedro. A: Where do you live? Where are you living? Dnde vives? B: I live in Praderas del Sur. Vivo en Praderas del Sur. A: How old are you? Cuntos aos tienes? Qu edad tienes? B: I am 25-years old. Tnego 25 aos de edad. A: What are you doing? Que ests haciendo? B: Im working. Im studying. Im making a report. Im reading. Im thinking. Spanish: Estoy trabajando. Estoy estudiando. Estoy hacienda un report. Estoy leyendo. Estoy pensando. A: Where are you going? A dnde vas? B: Im going to work. Im going to my English class. Im going to eat. Im going to lunch. Im going to the cafeteria. How about you? Spanish: Voy al trabajo (a trabajar). Voy a mi clase de Ingls. Voy a comer. Voy a la cafeteria. Y t? A: At what time is your class? At what time do you eat? Spanish: A qu hora es tu clase? A qu hora comes. B: At 12.30. My class is at 12:30 a.m. My luch time is at 1:45 in the afternoon. Spanish: A las 12:30. mi clase es a las 12:30 de la tarde. My hora de comida es a la 1:45 de la tarde. A: You have a good day / You have a nice day. Spanish: Que tengas un buen da. Que tengas un bonito da. B: Thank you. You too / Same to you / Likewise. Spanish: Gracias. T tambin. Lo mismo para t. Igualmente. A: See you later. See you around. See you soon. See you tomorrow. See you next class / next week. Spanish: Hasta luego. Nos vemos. Te veo pronto. Nos vemos maana. Nos vemos la prxima clase. B: Okay, see you. Dont work too hard. Muy bien, nos vemos. No trabajes demasiado. A: I wont. You dont do it either, bye. No lo hare. T no lo hagas tampoco, adis.
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1.3
REGULAR NUMBERS Number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Written zero one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty one twenty two twenty three twenty four twenty five twenty six twenty seven twenty eight twenty nine thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety one hundred Sound Number zirrou uan wan 101 tchu 102 tdri 103 for 104 faiv 105 sics 110 seven 115 eight 120 nain 130 ten 170 ileven 200 tuelv 250 tdirtin-tdertin 300 fourtin 400 fiftin 500 sicstin 600 seventin 700 eigtin 800 naintin 900 tuenti-tueni 1,000 tuenti uan 2,000 tuenti tchu 3,000 tuenti tdri 4,000 tuenti for 5,000 tuenti faiv 6,000 tuenti six 7,000 tuenti seven 8,000 tuenti eight 9,000 tuenti nain 10,000 tdorti-tdori 20,000 fourti 30,000 fifti 40,000 sicsti 50,000 seventi 60,000 eigti 70,000 nainti 80,000 uan jandred 90,000 One hundred thousand One million One billion
NUMEROS REGULARES Written one hundred and one one hundred and two one hundred and three one hundred and four one hundred and five one hundred and ten one hundred and fifteen one hundred and twenty one hundred and thirty one hundred and seventy two hundred two hundred and fifty three hundred four hundred five hundred six hundred seven hundred eight hundred nine hundred one thousand two thousand three thousand four thousand five thousand six thousand seven thousand eight thousand nine thousand ten thousand twenty thousand thirty thousand forty thousand fifty thousand sixty thousand seventy thousand eighty thousand nine thousand Uan jandred tdaosend. Uan milian. Uan bilian. Sound uan-wan jandred end uan. uan jandred end tchu. uan jandred end tdri. uan jandred end for. uan jandred end faiv. uan jandred end ten. uan jandred end fiftin. uan jandred end tuenty. uan jandred end tdirty-tdori. una jandred end seventy tchu jandred tchu jandred end fifty. tdri jandred for jandred faiv jandred siks jandred seven jandred eight jandred nain jandred uan tdaosend tchu tdaosend tdri tdaosend for tdaosend faiv tdaosend siks tdaosend seven tdaosend eight tdaosend nain tdaosend ten tdaosend tuenti tdaosend tdirty daosend forty tdaosend fifty tdousend sixti tdaosend seventi tdaaosend eighty tdaosend nain tdaosend
100,000 1,000,000 1,000,000,000
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1.4
ORDINATE NUMBERS Number 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th 30th 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th 100th 101st 102nd 103rd 104th 120th 1,000th 10,000th Write first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eight ninth tenth eleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth twentieth twenty-first twenty-second twenty-third twenty-fourth twenty-fifth twenty-sixth twenty-seventh twenty-eighth twenty-ninth thirtieth fortieth fiftieth sixtieth seventieth eightieth ninetieth one hundredth one hundred first one hundred second one hundred third one hundred fourth one hundred twentieth one thousandth ten thousandth
NUMEROS ORDENADOS Sound Spanish ferst primero sequend segundo tderd tercero fortd cuarto fiftd quinto sixtd sexto seventd sptimo eightd octavo naintd noveno tentd dcimo ileventd onceavo tuelftdz doceavo tdirtintdz treceavo fourtintdz catorceavo fiftintdz quinceavo sixtintdz dcimo sexto seventintdz dcimo sptimo eightintdz dcimo octavo naintintdz dcimo noveno tuentietdz vigsimo vetivo tuenti ferst vigsimo primero tuenti sequend vigsimo segndo tuenti tdirtd vigsimo tercero tuenti fourtdz vigsimo cuarto tuenti fiftdz vigsimo quinto tuenty sixtdz vigsimo sexto tuenty seventdz vigsimo sptimo tuenty eightdz vigsimo octavo tuenty naintdz vigsimo novena tdirtietdz treintavo trigsimo fortietdz cuadragsimo fiftietdz quincuagsimo sicstietdz sextagsimo seventietdz septuagsimo eightietdz octagsimo nairieitdz nonagsimo uan jandredtdz censuagsimo uan jandred ferst centuagsimo primero uan jandred sekend uan jandred tdertd uan jandred fortd uan jandred tuentietdz uan tdaosendtdz ten tdaosendtdz
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Next there is a clue to read and write big numbers correctly lake next. The words and are optional. 254,971,363,194,358
En seguida hay una pista (ayuda) para leer y escribir nmeros grandes correctamente. Las palabras and son opcionales. hundred and hundred and hundred and hundred and hundred and
2 5 4,
trillion
9 7 1,
billion
3 6 3,
million
1 9 4,
thousand
3 5 8
Reading: Two hundred and fifty four trillion, nine hundred and seventy one billion, three hundred and sixty three million, one hundred and ninety four thousand, three hundred and fifty eight. EXERCISE 3: THE NUMBERS. Directions: Write on the lines the numbers in English.
EJERCICIO 3: LOS NUMEROS. Direcciones: Escriba sobre las lneas el nmero en Ingls.
_________seven___________ 7 _________________________ 2 _________________________ 11 _________________________ 19th _________________________ 22nd _________________________ 25 _________________________ 33rd _________________________ 52 _________________________ 81 _________________________ 90
_________________________ 9 _________________________ 14 _________________________ 1 _________________________ 8 _________________________ 24 _________________________ 21st _________________________ 41st _________________________ 58 _________________________ 85 _________________________ 74
_________________________ 15 _________________________ 3rd _________________________ 6 _________________________ 12 _________________________ 29 _________________________ 27 _________________________ 55th _________________________ 69 _________________________ 82 _________________________ 99 13
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________________________________________________________________________________ 100 ________________________________________________________________________________ 105 ________________________________________________________________________________ 175 ________________________________________________________________________________ 249 ________________________________________________________________________________ 448 ________________________________________________________________________________ 637 ________________________________________________________________________________ 2,473 ________________________________________________________________________________ 9,795 ________________________________________________________________________________ 29,990 ________________________________________________________________________________ 51,924 ________________________________________________________________________________ 158,471 ________________________________________________________________________________ 278,451 ________________________________________________________________________________ 89,359,486 ________________________________________________________________________________ 415,159,474 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 56,972,004,069 ________________________________________________________________________________
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1.5
THE DAYS, MONTHS, AND YEARS

Days Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Sound Sndei Mndei Tisdei Wdnsdei Spanish Domingo Lunes Martes Mircoles
LOS DIAS DE LA SEMANA

Days Thursday Friday Saturday Sound Dtrsdei Fridei Sterdei Spanish Jueves Viernes Sbado
THE MONTHS OF THE YEAR Months January February March April May June Sound Llanuri Februri March Eiprol Mi Llun Spanish Enero Febrero Marzo Abril Mayo Junio Months July August September October November December
LOS MESES DEL AO Sound LLuli A-Oguest September October November Dicember Spanish Julio Agosto Septiembre Octubre Noviembre Diciembre
EXERCISE 4: THE DAYS, MONTHS, AND YEARS Directions: Write the answer after each question.
EJERCICIO 4: LOS DIAS, MESES Y AOS Direcciones: Escriba la respuesta despus de cada pregunta.
1. What day is today? 2. What day was yesterday? 3. What day will be tomorrow? 4. What date is today? 5. In what year are we?
______Today is Tuesday.____________________________ ______Yesterday was Monday._______________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________
6. What days of the week do you work? 7. What days of the week are you off?
8. In which month is the Mxico Independence? What day? ______________________________ 9. In which month is Christmas? What day? ___________________________________________ 10. When is your birthday? _______________________________________________________
11. When is your fathers birthday? _________________________________________________ 12. When is your mothers birthday? _________________________________________________
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1.6
THE TIME
English One second One minute One hour One day One week One month
EL TIEMPO
Spanish Un Segundo Un minuto Una hora Un da Una semana Un mes English One year A quarter One semester One decade One century One millennium Sound guan yir Ei curter guan semster guan dekid guan cnchuri guan milnium Spanish Un ao Un cuarto de ao Un semester Una dcada Un siglo Un milenio
Sound guan skend guan mnet guan uer guan di guan wik guan mantd
EXERCISE 5: THE TIME Directions: Write the answer after each question.
EJERCICIO 5: EL TIEMPO Direcciones: Escriba la respuesta despus de cada pregunta.
1. How many seconds are there in a minute? 2. How many minutes are there in an hour? 3. How many hours are there in a day? 4. How many days are there in a week? 5. How many days are there in a month? 6. How many months are there in a year? 7. How many weeks are there in a year? 8. How many years are there in a century? 9. How many years are there in a decade? 10. How many hours are there in five days? 11. How many weeks are there in four months? 12. How many seconds are there in two hours?
_There are sixty seconds in a (one) minute. _ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________
13. How many months are there in a quarter of a year? ___________________________________ 14. How many months are there in one semester? 15. How many weeks are there in one semester? 16. How many semesters are there in two years? _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________
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Another expression of time is when you want to know the hour and minutes on a clock. Otra expresin del tiempo es cuando quieres saber la hora. For example: You can ask for the time this way: What time is it? Or, what time is it right now? Or, what time do you have in your watch? Por ejemplo: Tu puedes preguntar la hora de este modo: Qu hora es? O, Qu hora es en este momento? O, Qu hora tienes en tu reloj? What time is it on the clock number? Qu hora es en el reloj nmero?
FIRST CLOCK: SECOND CLOCK: THIRD CLOCK:
Its six fifty two Its eight before seven Its eight minutes 'til seven Its eight to seven
Its one twenty five Its twenty five after one Its twenty-five minutes after one Its twenty-five minutes past one
Its six oclock Its six on the dot
EXERCISE 6: THE TIME Directions: Write the time on the lines under each clock.
EJERCICIO 6: EL TIEMPO Direcciones: Escriba el la hora en las lenas debajo de cada reloj.
1. What time is it? Its ____________
8. What time is it? Its ____________ 17
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EXERCISE 7: THE TIME Directions: Write the number from the parentheses in the blanks, but in words form, not in numeric form. Translate the sentences tu Spanish.
EJERCICIO 7: LA HORA Direcciones: Escribe el nmero que aparece en los parntesis en los espacios pero en forma de palabra, no en forma de nmero. Traduce los enunciados al Espaol.
1. A: What time do you eat breakfast? B: I take breakfast at (7:30) _________________________ in the morning 2. A: I go to lunch at (11:30) _________________________. What about you? B: I eat lunch at (12:45) _________________________ in the afternoon. 3. The post office opens at (9:00) ___________________ and closes at (5:00) ___________________ 4. A: At what time does your English class begin? B: My English class starts at (2:00) _________________________ 5. Carlos: Maria, at what time do you go to bed at night? Maria: I go to bed at (11:30) _________________________ at night. Carlos: How about you Joe, at what time do you go to bed? Joe: I go to bed at (10:30) _________________________ Carlos: And you Mercy, at what time do you go to bed? Mercy: I go to bed at (11:00) _________________________, but I fall to sleep at (2) ________ or (3:00) _________________________ in the morning. 6. Aurrera store opens at (8 A.M.) ______________________ and closes at (10) ______________ P.M. 7. A: What time do you wake up, and get up to get ready for work every day? B: I wake up at (5 A.M.) _________________________ and I get up at (5:15) ________________ and then I take a shower at (5:20) _________________________ and I take the bus at (5:55) _________________________.
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PRONUNCIATION
1.7
VOCABULARY
WORD PHRASE MEANING IN SPANISH
A an After Afternoon Airplane Arm Bad Bag Backyard Before Big Book Boss Breakfast Bus Car Ceiling Chair Dinner Door Down town Easy Evening Fan Floor Glass Good Hand Family Food Hair Hard Heart Here High Home House Later Lunch Machine Morning Night School Table Teacher Tomorrow Window
ei an fter fternun rplein arm bad bag bak/iard bifr big buk bos brkfast bas car ciling cher dinner dor daon-taon ici ivining fen flor glas gud jend family fud jer jard jart jir jai jom jaos leirer lonch machn morning nait skul teibol ticher tumorou uindou
un una (singular) despues de tarde avin brazo malo bolsa de plstico/papel patio trasero antes de grande libro jefe desayuno camion carro, coche techo de adentro silla cena puerta centro de la ciudad fcil noche ventilador abanico fantico piso vaso, vidrio bueno, bien mano familia comida alimento cabello, pelo dificil, duro corazn aqu alto hogar, casa casa ms tarde, despus almuerzo, comida mquina maana noche escuela mesa maestro, professor maana ventana 20
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1.8
MY BACKGROUND EXERCISE 8: MY BACKGROUND. Directions: Write on the lines some information about you and introduce yourself to the class.
EJERCICIO 8: MI EDUCACION Y EXPERIENCIA. Direcciones: Escribe en las lineas algo de informacin acerca de ti; y presntate con el grupo.
Hello, my name is _________________________________________________________________ Your name Im ___________ years old. I work for ________________________________________________ Number Company In the ______________________________________ , as _________________________________ Department Position I have been working for this company since _______________________________________ Month and year Im married. Im not married. Im divorced (whatever applies)
I have ________ kid(s)
________ boy(s) and ________ girl(s)
Im from _________________________________________________________________ City and State I moved to this city in ______________________ (if applies) Year Right now Im living in _________________________________________________________ Address I graduated from ______________________________________________________________ Career/School At present, Im attending an ____________________________________________________ School/Course END OF LESSON 1
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Lesson 2
Vocabulary: Colors, Family, Food, Etc.
2.1 THE COLORS English Beige Black Blackish Blue Blueish Dark. blue Lightt blue Brown Brownish Dark brown Light brown Gray Grayish Dark gray Lightt gray Green Greenish Dark green Lightt green Gold Sound beich black blackish blu bluish dark blu lait blu braon braonish dark braon lait braon gri grish dark grei lait grei grin grnish dark grin lait grin gold LOS COLORES Spanish color crema Negro negriso/negroso azul azulado azul obscuro azul claro caf cafetoso caf obscuro caf claro gris grisseo gris obscuro gris claro verde verdoso verde obscuro verde claro oro English Maroon Orange Light orange Dark orange Pink Light pink Dark pink Red Redish Light red Dark red Pearl Purple Silver Tan Turquoise Violet Yellow Yellowish Golden Sound marrn ranch lit ranch dark ranch pink lit pink dark pink red rdish lit red dark red perol parpol silver ten to/ercois vaiolet ilou ilouish golden Spanish guinda (o) naranja naranja claro naranja obscuro rosa rosa claro rosa obscuro rojo rojiso rojo claro rojo obscuro perla morado, prpura plata bronceado turquesa violeta amarillo amarrillento dorado
EXERCISE 1: VOCABULARY. Directions: Write on the lines the translation to Spanish or English whatever the case is.
EJERCICIO 1: VOCABULARIO. Direcciones: Escriba en las lineas la traduccin al Ingls o Espaol, cualquera que sea el caso.
________Blue___________ Azul Yellow
___________Rojo___________ red caf
_________________________ black
____________________ ______________________ ____________________

verde
_____________________
amarillo
______________________
plateado
_____________________
naranja
____________________
bronce
______________________
oro
_____________________
cremna 22
JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
EXERCISE 2: THE COLORS. Directions: Translate the words in parentheses and write them on the lines and translate the whole sentences to Spanish.
EJERCICIO 2: LOS COLORES. Direcciones: Traduce las palabras en parntesis y escrbelas en las lineas y traduce los enunciados completes al Espaol.
1. Sergio, please paint the wall (azul) _______________________. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 2. My house is painted (amarrillo) _________________________. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 3. (Rojo) ______________________ is my favorite color. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 4. Javier, I told you to buy (rojas) _______________ roses, not (amarillas) _________________. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 5. Mix the paint with colors (Negro, amarrillo y verde) ________________________________. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 6. I want my desk (caf) _______________________________. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 7. The patient is not breathing; hes turning (morado) ____________________________. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 8. My suitcase is (verde) __________________ but I want a (negro) _________________ one. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 9. The sky is totally (azul) __________________, but at night, it is (negro) _________________ Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 10. Juans car is (rojo) __________________, but mine is (blanco) _________________ one. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________
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LA FAMILIA Spanish padre pap papito, papasito hijo hermano abuelo nieto bisabuelo to ta sobrina sobrino suegro suegra cuado cuada hierno nuera primo (a) cnyuge seor seora (con respeto) seor (con respeto)
2.2
THE FAMILY English Sound Father fatder Dad ded Daddy deri Son san Brother brotder Grandfather grandfatder Grandson grandsan Great-grandfather greit Uncle ancol Aunt aont Niece nis Nephew nefiu Father-in-law fatder in lo Mother-in-law matder in lo Brother-in-law brotder in lo Sister-in-law sister in lo Son-in-law san in lo Daughter-in-law dogter in lo Cousin ca/osin Spouse spaos Mr. Mister mister Maam mem Sir ser
English Sound mother matder mom mam mommy mami daughter dter/drer sister sister grandmother grandmatder granddaughter grandogter great-grandmother greit Godfather gadfatder Godmother gadmatder Goddaughter gaddogter Godson gadsan stepfather stepfatder stepmother stepmatder stepbrother stepbrotder stepsister stepsister stepson stepsan stepdaughter stepdorer husband jasbend wife uaif Mrs. misis Miss mis Ms mis
Spanish madre mama mamita, mamacita hija hermana abuela nieta bisabuela padrino madrina ahijada ahijado padrastro madrastra hermanastro hermanastra hijastro hijastra esposo esposa seora seorita seorita / seito
EXERCISE 3: VOCABULARY. Directions: Write on the lines the translation to Spanish or English whatever the case is.
EJERCICIO 3: VOCABULARIO. Direcciones: Escriba en las lineas la traduccin al Ingls o Espaol, cualquera que sea el caso.
_________To______________ uncle
__________________________ sister
_________________________ hermano
______________________
abuela
______________________
suegra
_____________________
stepson
______________________
prima
______________________
Godfather
_____________________
cuada
______________________
Pap
______________________
Mom
_____________________
ta
______________________
stepbrother
______________________
grandaughter
_____________________
sobrina 24
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EXERCISE 4: THE FAMILY. Directions: Translate the words in parentheses and write them on the lines and translate the whole sentences to Spanish.
EJERCICIO 4: LA FAMILIA. Direcciones: Traduce las palabras en parntesis y escrbelas en las lineas y traduce los enunciados completes al Espaol.
1. My _______________________________ (cuado) went to the circus with his family. Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ 2. Felipes (to) _____________________ brought a new motorcycle today. Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ 3. After I marry Sylvia, her mother became my (suegra) ____________________________. Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ 4. Tell your (prima) ______________________ to come over to the party tonight. Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ 5. I was baptized in the Catholic Church, so now I have (un padrino y una madrina) ________________________________________________. Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ 6. The son of my (padrastro) ________________ is my (hermanastro) ____________________. Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ 7. My (hija) _______________________ goes to College. Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ 8. The yesterday I told my (sobrina) _________________ to come to visit us this Sunday. Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ 9. Your (cuada) _______________________ goes to the park in the evening. Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ 10. My wifes (Dad) _______________________ works at the power company. Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________
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2.3
FRUIT AND VEGETABLES FRUTAS Y VERDURAS Fruit Sound Apple apol Avocado avocado Beans bins Broccoli broccoli Cantaloupe canteloup Cauliflower coliflauer Celery celery Coconut coconat Corn corn Fig fig Garlic garlic Grape greip Green pepper grin peper Honeydew janidu Lettuce leras Lime laim Mango mangou Nut nat Orange oranch Peach pich Pear per Potatoes poteiros Pumpkin pamkin Purple onion parpol onion Raisins reisins Rice rais Spinach spenech Strawberry stroberi Turnip ternip Yellow pepper ielou peper Walnut uolnat Spanish manzana aguacate frijoles broccoli meln coliflor apio coco elote higo ajo uva pimiento verde meln verde lechuga lima mango nuez naranja durazno pera papas calabaza grande cebolla morada pasitas arroz espinacas fresa nabo piminento amarillo nuez Fruit Apricot Banana Bread Cabbage Carrot Cherry Clove Coriander Cucumber Fig tree Granada Grapefruit Guava Kiwi Lemon Mandarin Mushrooms Onion Papaya Peanuts Peper Pineapple Plum Radish Red pepper Salt Squash Tomatoes Yellow onion Watermelon Sound eiprocat banana bred cabech kerret cherri clov coriander kiucumber fig tri granara greipfrut guava kiwi lemen mandarin mashrums onion papaya pinats peper painapol plam radish red peper solt scuash tomeiros ielou onion warermelon Spanish chabacano pltano pan repollo zanohoria ceresa clavo cilantro pepino higuera Granada toronja guayava kiwi limn mandarina championes cebolla papaya cacahuates pimienta pia ciruela rabano pimiento rojo sal calabaza tomates cebolla amarilla sanda
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EXERCISE 5: FRUITS AND VEGETABLE. Directions: Match with a line, the name of the fruit or vegetable with the picture.
EJERCICIO 5: FRUTAS Y VERDURAS. Direcciones: Une con una lnea, el nombre de la fruta o verdura con el dibujo.
1. A banana
A 2. An onion B 3. A corn C 4. A watermelon
D 5. Pineapple E 6. Bread and tomatoes F 7. A couple of cherries
G 8. Apricot H 9. A hamburger and an apple I 10. A peach J
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11. Tomatoes.
K 12. A pear.
L 13. Grapefruit. M 14. A lemon. N 15. A carrot.
O 16. A banana, a pear, and an apple.
P 17. Grapes. Q 18. Green and red peppers.
R 19. Peanuts.
S 20. Mushrooms
Total correct answers: _____________
Score: ________________
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COMIDAS Y BEBIDAS Sound American chis babikiu chicken barbikiu steik barbikiu ribs bif brisket biold eggs boloni burrito keik chis chiskeik chisi bred chili wid chis chainis fud chipotle chili chorizo cakteol cuct jem culeid corn chips corn tortilla crim cap ov cofi cap ov ti egs enchiladas fish flaor tortilla French frais fraid chicken fraid eggs fraid poteiros griol chicken griol fish je/am jemendegs jamberguer jatkeiks aiscrim italian fud lemeneid lobster mitlof oranch llus
2.4
MEALS AND DRINKS Food American cheese Bar B-Q chicken Bar B-Q steak Bar B-Q ribs Beef Brisket Bioled eggs Bologna Burrito Cake Cheese Cheesecake Cheesy bread Chili with cheese Chinese food Chipotle chili Chorizo Cocktail Cooked ham Cool-aid Corn chips Corn tortilla Cream Cup of coffee Cup of tea Eggs Enchiladas Fish Flour tortilla French-fries Fried chicken Fried eggs Fried potatoes Grilled chicken Grilled fish Ham Ham & eggs Hamburger Hot cakes Ice cream Italian food Lemonade Lobster Meatloaf Orange juice
Spanish queso Americano (Amarillo) pollo a la parrilla con salsa Bar B-Q carne asada en la parrilla con costillas a la parrilla con carne de res carne de res huevos hervidos mortadela burrito pastel queso pastel de queso pan con queso chile con queso comida china chile chipotle chorizo coctel jamn cocido bebida de sabor trozos de tortilla frita en bolsa tortilla de maz crema tasa de caf taza de t huevos enchiladas carne de pescado tortilla de harina papas fritas pollo frito huevos fritos papas fritas pollo a la parrilla pescado a la parrilla jamn huevos con jamn hamburguesa pastel caliente varquillo de nieve comida italiana limonada langosta pastel de carne jugo de naranja 29
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over isi egs penkeiks pikols pitza ppcicol papcorns pork pork skin porkskin in venagar-er pigskin stu poteiro chips poultry red uain roustbif slaisd jalapeo peper sandwich sos sosech scrembol eggs snou con soda sup staft torki stu torki jam veshtebol sup juait uain uain
Over easy eggs Pancakes Pickles Pizza Popsicle Popcorns Pork Pork skin Pork skin in vinegar Pigskin stew Potato chips Poultry Red wine Roast beef Sliced jalapeo peppers Sandwich Sauce Sausage Scrambled eggs Snow cone Soda Soup Stuffed turkey Stew Turkey ham Vegetable soup White wine Wine
huevos estrellados pastel caliente (hot cakes) pepinillos en vinagre pizza/pay paleta de hielo palomitas de maz carne de puerco chicharrn cueritos en vinagre guisado de chicharrn trozos de papas fritas en bolsa carne de ave (pollo, pavo, etc.) vino rojo Carne rostizada (en horno) rajas de chile jalapeo emparedado salsa salchicha condimentada huevos revueltos cono de nieve agua mineral sopa pavo de navidad guisado, estofado jamn de pavo sopa de verduras vino blanco vino
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EXERCISE 6: MEALS AND DRINKS. Directions: Write on the lines what you see in the picture.
EJERCICIO 6: COMIDAS Y BEBIDAS. Direcciones: Escriba en las lineas lo que ves en la foto.
1. A piece of cheesecake
2. A couple of eggs
3. A cup of coffee
4. Black bread
5. A cup of tea
6. A hot dog
7. A couple of hamburgers
8. A cake
9. Cheese
10. Cup cake
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11. A cocktail
12. A pair of flautas
13. A bottle of dressing
14. An apple with a worm
15. Pizza
16. A hamburger and a coke
17. A red lobster
18. A sausage
19. A fish
20. A hamburger
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21. A subway sandwich
22. A turkey
23. An orange tree
24. An over-easy egg
25. An ice sandwich
26. A meal with bacon and eggs
27. A pitcher of cool-aid
ZA
28. Roast beef
ZB
29. Different kinds of bread
ZC
30. A snow cone
ZD
Score: ________________
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2.5
ANIMALS & INSECTS Animal Sound Ant ent Armadillo armadelo Bat bat Bee bi Bear ber Bird berd Bug bag Buffalo bafelo Butterfly barerflai Camel kemol Cat cat Chameleon camilian Chick chick Chipmunk chipmank Cockroach cakrouch Cougar cugar Crab crab Cub cab Deer dir Dog dog Donkey donki Duck dak Eagle igol Falcon falcon Flea fli Fox fox German shepherd Goat gout Hawk jok Hare jer Hen jen Hippopotamus jipopatemes Horse hors Iguana iguana Kid kid Koala koala Lamb lamb Lion laion Mare mer Mouse maos Mule miul Ostrich ostrich Owl aol Panther pentder Pig pig Spanish hormiga armadillo murcielago abeja oso pjaro, ave bicho-insecto buffalo, bisonte mariposa camello gato camalen pollito (a) ardilla cucaracha puna cangrejo cachorro venado perro burro pato (a) guila halcn pulga zorro pastor alemn chivo (a) halcn liebre gallina hipopotamo caballo iguana cabrito nio (a) koala cordero (a) len yegua ratn mula avestruz tecolote pantera cerdo, puerco
ANIMALES E INSECTOS Animal Antelope Badger Beaver Beetle Bison Boar Bull Bunny Calf Canary Caterpillar Cheetah Chimpanzee Cock Coyote Cow Crocodile Dalmatian Doberman Dolphin Dragonfly Ducking Elephant Fish Fly Frog Giraffe Goose Hamster Hedgehog Heron Hog Hyena Kangaroo Kitten Labrador dog Leopard Lizard Monkey Mice Octopus Otter Ox Parrot Peacock Sound antelop badller biver birol-bitol bisen bor bul bani calf canari carerpilar chira chimpanzi cak caiori cao croakodaiol dalmeshan doberman dolfin dragenflai daklin elefant fish flai frog lliraf gus jamster jedchdog jeron jog jayina kangeru kiten lbrador dog leperd lezerd monki mis octopus ourer ox perret picak Spanish antilope tejn castor escarabajo bisonte, buffalo jabal toro, buey conejito becerro canario oruga chita chimpac gallo coyote vaca cocodrilo perro dalmata perro doberman delfin libelula patito elefante pez mosca rana, sapo jirafa ganso hamster erizo garza cerdo, marrano hiena canguro gatito perro labrador leopardo lagartija mono, chango ratones pulpo nutria buey perico, cotorro (a) pavoreal 34
JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
pichn, paloma pinguino puerco spin perrito de pradera perrito mapache rata langosta roja corre caminos escorpin, alacrn foca tiburn oveja borrego (a) caracol cerdo, marrano ardilla tigere sapo trucha tortuga morsa ballena gusano Piglet Polar bear Possum Puma Rabbit Ram Rattle snake Rhinoceros Rooster Seagull Sea lion Skink Spider Snake Stork Tarantula Tick Toucan Turkey Vulture Wasp Wolf Zebra
Pigeon Penguin Porcupine Prairie dog Puppy Raccoon Rat Red Lobster Roadrunner Scorpion Seal Shark Sheep Snail Swine Squirrel Tiger Toad Trout Turtle Walrus Whale Worm
pillen pinwuin porcupain preridog papi racun rat red lobster roudranner scorpion siol shark ship sneiol suain scuerol taiguer toud trout tortol-torol uolres ueiol uerm
piglet cerdito polorber oso polar possum zarigella puma puma, len Americano rabbet conejo ram carnero, borrego, chivo rrol snik vbora de cascabel rainaoseres rinoceronte ruster gallo segol gaviota silion foca-grande scank sorrillo spairer araa sneik vbora, serpiente stork ciguea tarantula tarantula tick garrapata tucan tucn torki pavo-guajolote volchur buitre uasp avispa uolf lobo zibra zebra
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EXERCISE 7: THE ANIMALS. Directions: Write on the lines what you see in the picture.
EJERCICIO 7: LOS ANIMALES. Direcciones: Escriba en las lineas lo que ves en la foto.
1. Whats this? This is ____________________.
3. Whats this? This is __________________
10. What is this? This is ____________________
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Score: ________________
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2.6
BODY PARTS English Abdomen Anus Artery Backbone Blood Brains Butt Cells Chest Ears Eye Eyebrows Feet Fingernails Forehead Jaws Hand Heart Hip Intestines Knee Lap Lips Lungs Mouth Nipples Ovaries Penis Scalp Shoulders Skeleton Spine discs Teeth Throat Toes Vagina Waist Sound abdomen eines rteri bakboun blad breins batt cels chest irs ai aibraos fit finguerneols forjed llos jend jart jip intstins ni lap lips longs maotd ni/epols ovaris pines scalp shoulders skeleton spain discs titd tdrout tus va/ellaina ueist
PARTES DEL CUERPO Spanish abdomen ano arteria espina dorsal sangre cerebro trasero-cola clulas pecho oidos ojo cejas pies uas de las manos frente mandbulas mano corazn cadera intestinos rodilla regazo labios pulmones boca pezones ovaries pene cuero de la cabeza hombros esqueleto vertebras dientes garganta dedos de los pies vagina cintura English ankle Arm back Belly Bones Breast Buttocks cheek chin elbow eyeball eyelashes fingers flesh gums hair head heel Index finger Kidney Knee cap Leg Liver Molars Neck Nose Pinky Ribs Sheen Skin Spine Stomach Testicles thumb tongue veins wrist Sound encol arm back beli bouns brest bataks chik chi/en elbou aibol ailashes finguers flesh gams jer jed jiol index finguer kidni ni cap leg lver molars nek nous pinky ribs shin skin spain stomak testicols tdamb tong veins urist Spanish tobillo brazo espalda bientre, barriga huesos pecho, senos nalgas mejilla barbilla codo globo del ojo pestaas dedos de las manos carne encias cabello, pelo cabeza taln dedo ndice rin rotula de rodilla pierna hgado muelas cuello narz dedo meique costillas espinilla piel espina dorsal estomago testculos dedo pulgar lengua venas mueca de la mano
SICKNESS DEFINITION Backache Headache The cold Cough HIV AIDS bakeick jedeick tdi cold cof eich-ai-vi eids dolor de espalda Stomachache dolor de cabeza Stroke resfriado the flu tos chest pain (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
stomakeick stroke tdi flu chest pein Cida
dolor de estomago ataque de apopleja gripa dolor de pecho
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EXERCISE 8: BODY PARTS Directions: Write the correct name of the body-part.
EJERCICIO 8: PARTES DEL CUERPO Direcciones: Escriba el nombre correcto de la parte del cuerpo.
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END OF LESSON 2
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Lesson 3
The Nouns: Singular and Plural
3.1 COMMON AND PROPER NOUNS Nouns are commonly defined as words that name people, places, or things. Although this definition is rather limited, it does contain a key word name. Anything in the physical and mental words can be named with a noun. Los Sustantivos son comunmente definidos como palabras que nombran personas, lugares, o cosas. Aunque esta definicin es practicamente limitada, contiene la palabra clave: nombre. Proper nouns are all official names, such as names of people, organizations, geographical locations, holidays, languages, and historical events. You can easily recognize proper nouns because they begin with capital letters. Nombres propios son todos los nombres oficiales, as como nombres de gente, organizaciones, lugares geogrficos, das festivos, idiomas, y eventos histricos. Tu puedes reconocer fcilmente los nombres propios por que comienzan con mayscula. Common nouns are all other nouns that are usually not capitalized unless they appear as the first word in sentences. Common nouns, son los otros sustantivos que se llaman nombres communes y no se escriben con mayscula al menos que vayan al principio de la oracin. paper television father portfolio note sun mother briefcase software computer teacher store keyboard book professor president car engineer town governor house doctor country police officer
EXAMPLES OF COMMON AND PROPER NOUNS:
EJEMPLOS DE NOMBRES PROPIOS Y COMUNES:
People: Places: Things: Senses: Feelings: Occurrences: Actions:
Susan, doctor, family, Miguel, engineer, nurse. Canada, ocean, campus, home, store, Mexico, park. popsicle, shoe, fingernail, crater, computer. sound, smell, taste, feel, touch. hope, disappointment, anxiety, peace. earthquake, wedding, party, contest, divorce. handshake, smile, leap, wink, limp.
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JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
PROPER NOUNS El Paso Alaska
NOMBRES PROPIOS Las Misiones
Don Quijote Examples:
Vicente Fox Proper nouns Muhammad Ali United Kingdom Soriana Salt Lake City
common nouns boxer country store city, town
EXERCISE 1: Common and proper nouns Instructions: Write the proper noun for the following common nouns.
EJERCICIO 1: Nombres communes y propios Instructions: Escribe el nombre propio de los siguientes nombre comunes.
Common noun Religion political party historical figure holiday city river state president store mall country project mayor governor hotel zoo museum restaurant neighborhood
Spanish religion
Proper noun Catholic, Mormon, Jehova Witnesses
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JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
3.2
THE USE OF THE ARTICLES: THE/A/AN The is a definite article. A and an are indefinite articles. El significado y uso de the el, la, los, las [singular y plural] The is used before the subject (nouns, names, or adjectives) The se usa antes del sujeto (sustantivo, nombres o adjetivos) Examples: The book The used car The new house The computer The plate el libro el carro usado la casa nueva la computadora el plato the books the used cars the new houses the kitchen the dishes los libros los carros usados las casas nuevas la cocina los trastes
EXERCISE 2: THE USE OF THE Directions: Write on the lines the translation to English of each phrase.
EJERCICIO 2:. EL USO DE THE Direcciones: Escriba sobre las lineas la traduccin al Ingls de cada frase.
1. The books are on the desk.

Los libros
Spanish: Los libros estn en el escritorio. 2. ________________ are expensive

Los carros
Spanish: ______________________________________________________________ 3. ________________ is big.

La mesa
Spanish: ______________________________________________________________ 4. ________________ has leaves.

El rbol
Spanish: ______________________________________________________________ 5. _____________________ is in the closet.

El vestido
Spanish: ______________________________________________________________ 6. ______________________ have petals. Las flores Spanish: ______________________________________________________________ 7. _______________________ are sweet. Las naranjas Spanish: ______________________________________________________________
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8. _____________________ go to school. Los nios Spanish: ______________________________________________________________ 9. _____________________ gives us homework every time we have the class. El maestro Spanish: ______________________________________________________________ 10. ___________________ is a big and strong cat. El len Spanish: ______________________________________________________________ 11. ___________________ is big. La casa Spanish: ______________________________________________________________ 12. ___________________ is big and nice. La oficina Spanish: ______________________________________________________________ 13. _________________ is easy to understand. El libro Spanish: ______________________________________________________________ 14. _________________ went to the party last night. Las chicas Spanish: ______________________________________________________________ 15. _________________ went to the party last night too. Los chicos Spanish: ______________________________________________________________ 16. _________________ es muy chica. La cocina Spanish: ______________________________________________________________ 17. _________________ estan sucios. Los trastes Spanish: ______________________________________________________________
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3.3
A vs. AN a and an are used in front of a noun (e.g., person, apartment, building). It means one (singular male and female). a y an son usados antes de un noun (nombre o sustantivo) (e.g., (por ejemplo,) persona, apartmento, edificio, etc). significa un, una (singular macho o hembra) If a singular noun is modified by an adjective (e.g., small, old), a or an comes in front of the adjective, as in c) and d). Si un noun (nombre) singular es modificado por un adjetivo (e.g., small, old), a o an se escribe antes del adjetivo, como en el case de c) y d). a is used in front of a word that begins with a consonant (b, c, d, f, g, etc.): a boy, a bad day, a cat, a cute baby (except h). a se usa antes de cualquier palabra que comienza con una consonante (b, c, d, f, g, etc.): a boy, a bad day, a cat, a cute baby (excepto h). an is used in front of words that begin with vowels a, e, i, o (except u): example: an apartment, an angry man, an elephant, an empty room, etc. an se usa antes de cualquier palabra que comienza con una vocal a, e, i, o (excepto u): ejemplo: an apartment, an angry man, an elephant, an empty room, etc. a) b) c) d) I have a pencil. I live in an apartment. I have a small apartment. I live in an old building.
The use of a and an with the letters u and h. El use de a y an con las letras u y h. For words that begin with the letter u: 1) an is used if the letter u has a vowel sound, as in an umbrella, an uncle, an unusual day, etc. 2) a is used if the letter u has a consonant sound, as in a university, a unit, a usual event. Para las palabras que comienzan con la letra u: 1) se usa an SOLAMENTE si la letra u tiene sonido de vocal, como en: an umbrella, an uncle, an unusual day, etc. 2) se usa a SOLAMENTE si la letra u tiene sonido de consonante, como en: a university, a unit, a usual event, etc. e) f) g) h) I have an umbrella. I saw an ugly picture. I attend a university. I had a unique experience.
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For words that begin with the letter h: 1) an is used if the letter h is silent: an hour, an honor, an honest person, etc. 2) a is used if the letter h is pronounced as a consonant: a holiday, a hotel, a high point.
Para las palabras que comienzan con la letra h: 1) se usa an SOLAMENTE si la letra h es silenciosa (no tiene sonido, no se pronuncia): an hour, an honor, an honest person, etc. 2) se usa a SOLAMENTE si la letra h es pronunciada (si tiene sonido) como j: a holiday, a hotel, a high point.
i) He will arrive in an hour. j) New years day is a holiday. k) Thats a hotel. Examples with a: A book A drawing A used car un libro un dibujo un carro usado Ejemplos con a: a picture a building a hotel una foto. un edificio un hotel
a new house una casa nueva a hospital un hospital a happy child. un nio felz Ejemplos con an: an ugly piano an old bus an apple tree
Examples with an: an orange tree an hour an accident un rbol de naranjas una hora un accidente
un piano feo un camion viejo un rbol de manzanas
EXERCISE 3: A vs. AN. Directions: Write a or an in the blanks.

EJERCICIO 3: EL A vs. AN. Direcciones: Escribe a o an en los espacios.
1. _____ mistake. 2. _____ abbreviation. 3. _____ dream. 4. _____ hill 5. _____ box. 6. _____ empty box. 7. _____ desk. 8. _____ city.
9. _____ uniform. 10. _____ union. 11. _____ untrue story. 12. _____ urgent message. 13. _____ universal poem. 14. _____ unhappy child. 15. _____ book. 16. _____ grape.
17. _____ hour. 18. _____ hotel in the ground. 19. _____ interesting dream 20. _____ handsome man. 21. _____ honest man. 22. _____ honor. 23. _____ hunter. 24. _____ small house.
Items: 24
Correct answers: __________ out of 24 = __________ %
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EXERCISE 4: THE USE OF A Directions: Write on the lines the article a, and translate the sentences to Spanish.
EJERCICIO 4: EL USO DE A Direcciones: Escriba sobre las lineas el artculo a, y traduzca las oraciones al Espaol.
1. My cousin is ____________ technician. Spanish: ____________________________________________________________ 2. This is _____________ good book. Spanish: ____________________________________________________________ 3. That is _____________ tall tree. Spanish: ____________________________________________________________ 4. My youngest daughter has ____________ bad attitude. Spanish: ____________________________________________________________ 5. On the other hand, my oldest daughter has _______________ good attitude. Spanish: ____________________________________________________________ EXERCISE 5: THE USE OF AN Directions: Write on the lines the article an, and translate the sentences to Spanish.
EJERCICIO 5: EL USO DE AN Directions: Escribe sobre las lineas el artculo an, y traduce las oraciones al Espaol.
6. That was _______________ accident. Spanish: ____________________________________________________________ 7. This is _____________ orange tree. Spanish: ____________________________________________________________ 8. That is _____________ apple. Spanish: ____________________________________________________________ 9. Tommy has ____________ hour to get to the airport. Spanish: ____________________________________________________________ 10. This picture has ___________ ugly color. Spanish: ____________________________________________________________
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EXERCISE 6: THE USE OF: A & AN. Directions: Complete the following sentences with a, or an as applies and translate them to Spanish.
EJERCICIO 6: EL USO DE: A & AN. Direcciones: Completa los siguientes enunciados con a, o an segn aplique y tradcelas al Espaol.
1. Today is ____a________ nice day. Spanish: _____Hoy es un da bonito _____ 2. That is ___________ old university. Spanish: __________________________________________ 3. Right now is ____________ good time to walk. Spanish: _________________________________________ 4. This is _________ long trip. Spanish: _________________________________________ 5. This is ____________ pear. Spanish: _________________________________________ 6. You are __________ honest man. Spanish: _________________________________________ 7. She is ___________ happy child. Spanish: _________________________________________ 8. I have ____________ used car. Spanish: _________________________________________ 9. The hen laid ___________ egg on the grass. Spanish: _________________________________________ 10. I have ___________ apple tree in my backyard. Spanish: _________________________________________ 11. That is __________ big building. Spanish: _________________________________________
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12. This is ___________ easy exercise. Spanish: _________________________________________ 13. I have _____________ good job. Spanish: _________________________________________ 14. This company has ___________ big parking lot. Spanish: _________________________________________ 15. This is ___________ wide Avenue. Spanish: _________________________________________ 16. My sister goes to ___________ good university. Spanish: _________________________________________ 17. Please bring me ___________ chocolate bar. Spanish: _________________________________________ 18. My computer has ___________ digital mouse. Spanish: _________________________________________ 19. Thats ____________ strong chair. Spanish: _________________________________________ 20. Thats ____________ fine ring. Spanish: _________________________________________ 21. My father brought ___________ Christmas tree this morning. Spanish: _________________________________________ 22. I painted ___________ house last weekend. Spanish: _________________________________________ 23. Thats _____________ big and nice waterfall. Spanish: _________________________________________
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24. Thats ___________ elephant. Spanish: _________________________________________ 25. This is _____________ banana. Spanish: _________________________________________ 26. This is _____________ watermelon. Spanish: _________________________________________ 27. That is _____________ orange. Spanish: _________________________________________ 28. Thats _____________ glass of orange juice. Spanish: _________________________________________ 29. Thats _____________ house. Spanish: _________________________________________ 30. This is _____________ good novel. Spanish: _________________________________________ 31. Thats _____________ ugly soap opera. Spanish: _________________________________________ 32. The bus takes _____________ hour to get to the plant. Spanish: _________________________________________ 33. My sister takes _____________ taxi every morning. Spanish: _________________________________________ 34. This is _____________ small umbrella. Spanish: _________________________________________ 35. Thats _____________ unusual meal. Spanish: _________________________________________
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3.4
SINGULAR & PLURAL NOUNS
NOMBRES SINGULARES Y PLURALES
Rule 1: Most nouns form their plural by adding one -s at the end.
Regla 1: La mayora de los sustantivos forman su plural aadiendo una -s al final.
Door-doors Clock-clocks Office-offices Week-weeks
teacher-teachers day-days table-tables school-schools
pen-pens girl-girls movie-movies pin-pins
Rule 2: Nouns ending in: ch, sh, s, x, z, form their plural by adding es at the end
Regla 2: Los sustantivos que terminan en: ch, sh, s, x, z, forman su plural aadiendo es al final.
Church-churches Watch-watches Kiss-kisses
box-boxes fox-foxes quiz-quizzes* monarch monarchs cloth clothes
glass-glasses business-businesses dress-dresses stomach stomachs
EXCEPTIONS: Nouns adding s NOT es:
Nouns adding es NOT s:
*NOTE: Nouns that end with z, you duplicate the z before addig es as in quiz-quizzes.
*NOTA: Los sustantivos que terminan en z, se duplica la z antes de aadir es como en quiz-quizzes
Rule 3: Nouns ending in -y and olny if the letter before is a consonant, erase the -y and add -ies.
Regla 3: Las plabras que terminan en -y y solo si la letra anterior es una consonante, borra la -y y agrega -ies
City-cities Party-parties Candy-candies
county-counties panty-panties mommy-mommies
country-countries beauty-beauties Industry-industries
Rule 4: Nouns ending in f, and -fe form their plural by changing f, or fe and adding -ves.
Regla 4: Los nombres que terminan en f, y -fe forman su plural cambiando f, y -fe por -ves.
One knife two knives One leaf five leaves
one shelf two shelves one calf two calves
one wife two wives yourself yourselves
Rule 5: The plural of nouns that end in o sometimes is es and sometimes is s.

Regal 5: El plural de palabras que terminan en o es algunas veces es y algunas veces -s.
With s only: zoo-zoos With -es:
radio-radios
studio-studios
piano-pianos
One tomato two tomatoes
one potato two potatoes zero zeroes or (zeros) hero heroes or (heros)
With es or s:
volcano volcanoes or (volcanos) mosquito mosquitoes or (mosquitos)
-es is more common used in theses cases.
-es es ms comunmente usado en estos casos
Some nouns have the same form in singular and plural. Algunos sustantivos tienen la misma forma en singular y plural. deer-deer fish-fish sheep-sheep species-species offspring-offspring
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3.5
IRREGULAR NOUNS
NOMBRES (SUSTANTIVOS) IRREGULARES
Some nouns have irregular plural form. They are called: irregular nouns. This means that they dont follow any rules for their plural form. They are unpredictable.
Algunos sustantivos tienen forma irregular en plural. Son llamados sustantivos irregulares. Esto significa que a ellos no aplica ninguna regla grammatical para formar su plural. Los irregulares son impredecibles.
mouse-lice goose-geese
foot-feet ox-oxen
tooth-teeth man-men
person-people(persons) child-children woman-women mouse-mice
Some nouns that English has borrowed from other languages have a foreign plurals.
Algunos sustantivos que el Ingls a tomado de lenguages de otros pases tienen plurales forneos.
cactus-cacti crisis-crises
bacterium-bacteria analysis-analyses
criterion-criteria parentesis-parenteses
phenomenon-phenomena
EXERCISE 7: Plural nouns. Instructions: Write the plural form of the following regular and irregular nouns. You may use the plural words or numbers: many, some, a lot of, two, five, ten, etc
EXERCISE 7: Sustantivos plurales. Instrucciones: Escribe la forma plural de los nombres (sustantivos) regulares e irregulars. Puedes usar los numeros o palabras plurales: many, some, a lot of, two, five, ten, etc
1. one potato, __five potatoes___________ 2. a library, many ____________________ 3. one child, ________________________ 4. a leaf, a lot of _____________________ 5. one fish, _________________________ 6. one wish, many ___________________ 7. an opinion, _______________________ 8. a mouse, _________________________ 9. one sandwich, two _________________ 10. a man, ___________________________ 11. one woman, ______________________ 12. a flash, three ______________________ 13. one tomato, ______________________ 14. one tooth, _______________________ 15. one hole, ________________________ 16. one home, ________________________ 17. one cactus, _______________________ 18. one crisis, ________________________ 19. one species, ______________________
20. a half, a lot of ______________________ 21. a possibility, _______________________ 22. a thief, ____________________________ 23. a hero, ____________________________ 24. a goose. ___________________________ 25. an attorney, ________________________ 26. a butterfly, _________________________ 27. frog, ______________________________ 28. a mosquito, ________________________ 29. one sheep, _________________________ 30. an orange, _________________________ 31. one stitch, _________________________ 32. one floor, _________________________ 33. one piano, ________________________ 34. a belief, many _____________________ 35. one person, _______________________ 36. one calf, _________________________ 37. a bird, many ______________________ 38. a knife, many ______________________ 52
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EXERCISE 8: Singular and plural nouns. Instructions: Write the following sentences in Spanish. Also write them in their plural or singular form, whatever the case is.
EXERCISE 8: Sustantivos singulars y plurals. Instrucciones: Escribe las siguientes oraciones en Espaol. Tambien escribelas en plural o singular, cualquiera que sea el caso.
Example: Today I bought a movie. Spanish: Hoy compr una pelcula. Change form: Today I bought two movies. 1. The glass is full of water. Spanish: ____________________________
Change form: ____________________________ 2. There are six gifts for your family in this box. Spanish: 8. She is a pretty woman. ___________________________
____________________________ Spanish:
Change form: ____________________________ 3. The child is playing basketball outside. Spanish:
Change form: ___________________________ 9. This is a big box. ___________________________
____________________________ Spanish:
Change form: ____________________________ 4. He is a young man. Spanish:
Change form: ___________________________ 10. Use this pencil for the test. ___________________________
____________________________ Spanish:
Change form: ____________________________ 5. She is the new waitress. Spanish:
Change form: ___________________________ 11. Bring that chair closer. ___________________________
____________________________ Spanish:
Change form: ____________________________ 6. Shes a pretty woman. Spanish:
Change form: ___________________________ 12. The plates are in the kitchen cabinet. ___________________________
____________________________ Spanish:
Change form: ____________________________ 7. My uncle is old. Spanish:
Change form: ___________________________ 13. This lesson is very easy. ___________________________
____________________________ Spanish:
Change form: ____________________________
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ANALISIS DE ERROR
3.6
ERROR ANALYSIS
When a sentence begins with a plural nous as the main subject, most of the time you dont need to write the article the. When the verb is in plural, the subject must be in the plural form (original-base).
Cuando un enunciado comienza con un sustantivo plural como el sujeto principal, la mayora del tiempo no necesitas escribir el artculo the.
EXERCISE 9: Singular and plural nouns. Directions: These sentences have many mistakes in the use of plural nouns. Underline each wrong noun and write the correct plural form. DO NOT change the verbs. Translate the sentences.
EXERCISE 9: Sustantivos singulars y plurals. Instrucciones: Estos enunciados tienen muchos errores en el uso de sustantivos plurales. Subraya cada uno de los errores y escribe el plural correcto. NO CAMBIES los verbos. Tradce los enunciados.
1. Chicago has busy street and highway. Streets highways 2. Box have six side.
Corrected: Chicago has busy streets and highways.
Corrected: _______________________________________________ Spanish: _________________________________________________ 3. Big city have many problem. Corrected: _______________________________________________ Spanish: _________________________________________________ 4. Banana grow in hot, humid area. Corrected: _______________________________________________ Spanish: _________________________________________________ 5. Insect dont have nose. Corrected: ____________________________________________________________________ Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 6. Lamb are the offspring of sheep. Corrected: ____________________________________________________________________ Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________
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7. Library keep book on shelf. Corrected: _______________________________________________ Spanish: _________________________________________________ 8. Parent support their child. Corrected: _______________________________________________ Spanish: _________________________________________________ 9. Indonesia has several active volcano. Corrected: _______________________________________________ Spanish: _________________________________________________ 10. Gorilla are big monkey. They have large arm and big tooth. Corrected: _______________________________________________ Spanish: _________________________________________________ 11. Glass are made out of paper sometimes. Corrected: _______________________________________________ Spanish: _________________________________________________ 12. Fish eat little animal and worm. Corrected: _______________________________________________ Spanish: _________________________________________________ 13. Lion are big cat. Corrected: _______________________________________________ Spanish: _________________________________________________ 14. Spider eat fly. Corrected: _______________________________________________ Spanish: _________________________________________________ 15. Dog bark. Corrected: _______________________________________________ Spanish: _________________________________________________
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16. Mexican person have many costume. Corrected: ____________________________________________________________________ Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 17. Friend are good person we can trust. Corrected: ____________________________________________________________________ Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 18. Crayon are good to color drawing. Corrected: ____________________________________________________________________ Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 19. Butterfly are beautiful insect. Corrected: _______________________________________________ Spanish: _________________________________________________ 20. Person are intelligent. Corrected: _______________________________________________ Spanish: _________________________________________________ 21. Car run fast. Corrected: _______________________________________________ Spanish: _________________________________________________ 22. The people is working right now. Corrected: ____________________________________________________________________ Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 23. The child want to play with their/her toy. Corrected: ____________________________________________________________________ Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________
END OF LESSON 3
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Spanish abortar aceptar aconsejar advertir estar de acuerdo responder contestar preguntar pedir asumir adivinar convertirse creer sangrar quebrar-romper construir comprar llamar limpiar atrapar agarrar venir cortar dibujar beber, tomar hacer terminar enrollar suscribirse explicar sentir doblar doblz volar mosca olvidar obtener, conseguir crecer oir esconder aprender vivir mirar, buscar hacer, construir mover poner corer enviar, mandar sentarse gastar, pasar tiempo tomar, llevar decir caminar ganar Verb abuse add affix allow apply attack be begin bite blow borrow burn bring can carry cook cover delete dream drive eat enjoy erase fall find fix follow forgive give have help insert like lose love meet play read say sing sleep swim teach turn wish work
3.7
COMMON VERBS AND THEIR PRONUNCIATION Verb abort accept advise agree answer ask assume become believe bleed break build buy call clean catch come cut draw drink do end enroll explain feel fold fly forget get grow hear hide learn live look make move put run send sit spend take tell walk win Sound abort accept edvais agr enser ask asum bicam biliv blid breik biold bai col clin catch cam cat dro drink do end enrol explin fiol fold fli forguet guet gro jir jaid lern liv luk meic muv put ruan send sit spend teik tel wolk gin Sound abis add affix alao aplai attack bi biguin bait blo barrou bern bring ken kerri cuk caver dilit drim draiv it enlloi irris fol faind fiks flou forguiv guiv jev jelp insert laik lus lov mit plei ruid sei sing slip suim tich tern gish uork Spanish abusar agregar aadir aadidura pegar permitir aplicar atacar ser estar empezar morder soplar prestar quemar traer poder (hacer) llevar, acarrear cocinar cubrir cubierta borrar, eliminar soar manejar, conducir comer disfrutar borrar caer caerse encontrar arreglar, componer seguir siguiente perdonar dar tener ayudar ayuda insertar gustar perder amar y querer conocer, reunir jugar, tocar msica leer decir cantar dormir nadar ensear voltear-cambiar desear trabajar 57
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Lesson 4
The Auxiliary Verb To Be
4.1 The simple present form: (am-is-are) El tiempo presente simple del verbo: to be. Very often, the personal pronouns (subject pronouns) are used in sentences. Here they are: Muy seguido, los pronombres personales (pronombres sujetos) son usados en enunciados. Aqu estn: Pronouns I You He She It We They Sound ai iu ji shi it ui dei
Pron I You He She It We They
Spanish yo tu l ella ese-eso nosotros ellos-ellas

Present Am Are Is Is Is Are Are
Definition first person singular primer persona singular second person singular/plural segunda persona sing/plural third person singular tercera persona singular third person singular tercera persona singular third person singular tercera persona singular first person plural primer persona plural third person plural tercer persona plural
Spanish Yo soy, o estoy Tu eres o ests ustedes son o estn El es, o est Ella es, o est Ese (o) es, o est Nosotros somos, o estamos Ellos son, o ellos estn
Definition: 1st person singular 3rd person singular
Affirmative: I am He She It You We They is
Negative: I am not He She It You We They is not
1st, 2nd, and 3rd person plural
are
are not
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+ V = verb (verbo) +
General formula to create sentences: S + V + O S = Subject (sujeto) O = object (complemento)
Formula del verbo to be S + be (am-is-are) + O Graciela is a good student.

S S V S S V V S S S V V O V O O
Graciela es una buena estudiante. Yo soy un buen trabajador. Tu eres una Buena persona. Ellos estn en la escuela. Miguel y Joe (Jose) son buenos amigos. Marcy est en la cocina. Joel es un chico juguetn.
I am a good worker. You are a nice person.

O O V O O
They are in the school. Mike and Joe are good friends. Marcy is in the kitchen Joel is a playful kid.
EXERCISE 1: AFFIRMATIVE FORM Directions: Write on the lines the correct form of the verb to be. Also write them in Spanish.
EJERCICIO 1: FORMA AFFIRMATIVA Direcciones: Escribe en las lineas la forma correcta del verbo to be. Tambien escrbelas en Espaol.
1. Meredith _____is_________ a pretty girl. Spanish: Meredith es una chica bonita. 2. Mara ____________________ pregnant. Spanish: _________________________________________________________ 3. Mario ________________ the oldest brother. Spanish: _________________________________________________________ 4. Stephanie and Michelle ____________ busy right now. Spanish: _________________________________________________________ 5. We _______________ the doctors and nurses of County Hospital. Spanish: _________________________________________________________
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6. Jennifer ____________ very hard to understand. Spanish: _________________________________________________________ 7. My son and my daughter ____________ good students. Spanish: _________________________________________________________ 8. Sabrina ____________ too young to be married. Spanish: _________________________________________________________ 9. My family ______________ very close. Spanish: _________________________________________________________ 10. You _______________ a kind person. Spanish: _________________________________________________________ 11. Patricia _____________ a nice girl. Spanish: _________________________________________________________ 12. We ____________ in the English class. Spanish: _________________________________________________________ 13. They ____________ the new students. Spanish: _________________________________________________________ 14. I ____________ a happy person. Spanish: _________________________________________________________ 15. He ____________ a mechanic. Spanish: _________________________________________________________ 16. Peter and Paul ____________ teachers. Spanish: _________________________________________________________ 17. Joe ____________ the secret weapon of the volleyball team. Spanish: _________________________________________________________
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4.2
THE NEGATIVE, QUESTION, AND ANSWERS To create a sentence in the negative form, you write the subject + the verb to be + the negative word: not + the object. Para crear enunciados negativos, escribes el sujeto, ms el verbo to be ms la negacin not, ms el complemento. Formula: S + be (am-is-are) not + O
Examples: Gracie is not a bad student.

S be Neg O
Graciela no es una mala estudiante. Nosotros no estamos en la recamara. Ellos no estn en la escuela. El Seor Rodriguez no es doctor. Yo no soy maestro de Francs. Miguel y yo no somos malos dibujantes. Martha no est en la cocina.
We are not in the bedroom.

S be Neg O
They are not in the school.

S be Neg O
Mr. Rodriguez is not a doctor.

S be Neg O
I am not a French teacher.

S be Neg O
Mike and I are not bad designers.

S be Neg O
Martha is not in the kitchen

S be Neg O
EXERCISE 2: NEGATIVE FORM. Directions: Change the following sentences to the negative form. Write them in Spanish.
EJERCICIO 2: FORMA NEGATIVA. Direcciones: Cambie los siguientes enunciados a la forma negativa. Escribalas en Espaol.
1. Hilario is not in Mxico City. He is in Playa del Carmen. Spanish: Hilario no est en la ciudad de Mxico. El est en Playa del Carmen. 2. Jennifer and Jane ______________ stewardesses. Spanish: _________________________________________________________ 3. They __________________ at the mall at this moment. Spanish: _________________________________________________________
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4. John ________________ in the algebra class. Spanish: _________________________________________________________ 5. Angel _______________ sleeping. Spanish: _________________________________________________________ 6. Rhonda _______________ very intelligent. Spanish: _________________________________________________________ 7. Mario ______________ a bad boy. Spanish: _________________________________________________________ 8. He _________________ my brother. Spanish: _________________________________________________________ 9. My uncle ___________ an electrician. Spanish: _________________________________________________________ 10. Magdalena and Cesar ______________ close friends. Spanish: _________________________________________________________ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PREGUNTAS Y RESPUESTAS
To form questions, you place the verb to be before the main subject. Para formar preguntas, escribes el verbo to be antes del sujeto principal. Formula: Be (am-is-are) + S + O? Questions Am I? Are you? Is He? she? It? We? they? Answers Yes, You are. Yes, I am. Yes, he she it we they is. No, you are not. No, I am not. No, he she it we they is not
Are
Yes,
are. No,
are not.
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S V O Martha is the school nurse. V S O Is Martha the school nurse? S V O Those girls are the school cheerleaders. V S O Are those girls the school cheerleaders? SV O I am the baby-sitter V S O Am I the baby-sitter? S V O You are a good talker. V S O Are you a good talker?
Examples:
Statement: Question: Statement: Question: Statement: Question: Statement: Question:
EXERCISE 3: THE QUESTION FORM. Directions: Translate the sentences and change them to questions.
EERCICIO 3. FORMA DE PREGUNTA. Direcciones: Traduce las oraciones y cambia las a la forma de pregunta.
1. The teacher is writing on the board. Spanish: ___________El profesor est escribiendo en el pizarrn.____________ Question form: ______Is the teacher writing on the board?__________________ 2. These oranges are sweet. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ Question form: __________________________________________________________________ 3. The water hose is too small. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ Question form: __________________________________________________________________
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4. Today is Monday. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ Question form: __________________________________________________________________ 5. Sergio and Benito are working right now. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ Question form: __________________________________________________________________ 6. The students are writing notes. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ Question form: __________________________________________________________________ 7. Your computer programs are big. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ Question form: __________________________________________________________________ 8. The books from the bookstore are expensive. Question form: __________________________________________________________________ Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 9. Lalo and Martn are students. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ Question form: __________________________________________________________________ 10. He is in the office. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ Question form: __________________________________________________________________ 11. She is my sister Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ Question form: __________________________________________________________________
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SHORT ANSWERS Giving short answers.
RESPUESTAS CORTAS Dando respuestas cortas.
To give an affirmative answer, you write the word: Yes, plus the personal pronoun of the subject, plus the verb be in this case.
Para dar una respuesta afirmativa, se escribe la palabra: Yes, ms el pronombre personal del sujeto, ms el verbo be en este caso.
Yes, + Pronoun + (am-is-are). To give a negative answer, you write the word: No, plus the personal pronoun of the subject, plus the verb: be, plus the word not.
Para dar una respuesta negativa, se escribe la palabra: No, ms el pronombre personal del sujeto, ms el verbo: be, ms la palabra not.
No, + Pronoun + (am-is-are) + not. Question: Are you in the round table? Is your brother a lawyer? Am I your teammate? Answers: Yes, I am. No, I am not. Yes, he is. No, he is not. Yes, you are. No, you are not.
EXERCISE 4: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. Directions: Write on the blanks the correct form of the verb to be in the question form and give the short answers.
EJERCICIO 4: PRESUNTAS Y RESPUESTAS. Direcciones: Escribe en las lineas la forma correcta del verbo to be en preguntas y de las respuestas cortas.
Spanish: Question: Answers:
My brother and I are in Permian High School. Mi hermano y yo estamos en la Prepa Permian. Are you and your brother in the Permian High School? Yes, we are. No, we are not.
1. This chapter is easy. Spanish: Question: Answers: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _____________________ ____________________________________
2. Felipe, Lore, and Baltazar are in level 2 in their English class. Spanish: Question: Answers: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _____________________ ____________________________________
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3. I am in the backyard. Spanish: Question: Answers: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _____________________ ____________________________________
4. You are in trouble. Spanish: Question: Answers: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _____________________ ____________________________________
5. Johnny is very intelligent. Spanish: Question: Answers: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _____________________ ____________________________________
6. Joas is a good student. Spanish: Question: Answers: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _____________________ ____________________________________
7. My daughter is in her bedroom at this moment. Spanish: Question: Answers: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _____________________ ____________________________________
8. Mercy is watching TV at right now. Spanish: Question: Answers: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _____________________ ____________________________________
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4.3
THE USE OF HAVE Have means possession. El verbo have significa tener (posesin). Have and has are used in the simple present tense. Have y has se usan en el tiempo presente simple. Had is used in the simple past tense. Had es usado en el tiempo pasado simple. Have is use with the subjects: I, you, we, and they or the related nouns (names) Have es usado con los sujetos: I, you, we y they o sujetos relationados (nombres de personas o cosas) Has is used with the subjects: he, she and it or the related nouns (names) Has es usado con los sujetos: he, she y it o sujetos relationados (nombres de personas o cosas) Had is used for all subjects. Had es usado para todos los sujetos. Next, there are the formulas that will help you in your writing and speaking. En seguida, hay formulas que te ayudarn en tu escritura y conversacin. FORMULAS: AFFIRMATIVE: S + V (have-has-had) + Object NEGATIVE: S + dont / doesnt / didnt + V base form (have) + Object
AFFIRMATIVE PRESENT FORM NEGATIVE PRESENT FORM AFFIRMATIVE PAST FORM NEGATIVE PAST FORM
I have . . . You have . . . He has . . . She has . . . It has . . . We have . . . They have . . .
I do not have . . . You do not have . . . He does not have . . . She does not have . . . It does not have . . . We do not have . . . They do not have . . .
I had . . . You had . . . He had . . . She had . . . It had . . . We had . . . They had . . .
I did not have . . . You did not have . . . He did not have . . . She did not have . . . It did not have . . . We did not have . . . They did not have . . .
PRESENT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
AFFIRMATIVE QUESTION: Do / Does / Did + S + V base form (have) + Object NEGATIVE QUESTION: Dont / Doesnt / Didnt + S + V base form (have) + Object ANSWERS: Yes, + pronoun + auxiliary No, + pronoun + auxiliary + not
AFFIRMATIVE QUESTION FORM NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM AFFIRMATIVE ANSWER NEGATIVE ANSWER
Do I have . . .? Do you have . . .? Does he have . . .? Does she have . . .? Does it have . . .? Do we have . . .? Do they have . . .?
Dont I have . . .? Dont you have . . .? Doesnt he have . . .? Doesnt she have . . .? Doesnt it have . . .? Dont we have . . .? Dont they have . . .?
Yes, you do. Yes, I do. Yes, he does. Yes, she does. Yes, it does. Yes, you do. Yes, they do,
No, you do not. No, I do not. No, he does not. No, she does not. No, it does not. No, you do not. No, they do not.
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PAST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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AFFIRMATIVE QUESTION: Did + S + V base form (have) + Object NEGATIVE QUESTION: Didnt + S + V base form (have) + Object ANSWERS: Yes, + pronoun + auxiliary No, + pronoun + auxiliary + not
AFFIRMATIVE QUESTION FORM NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM AFFIRMATIVE ANSWER NEGATIVE ANSWER
Did I have . . .? Did you have . . .? Did he have . . .? Did she have . . .? Did it have . . .? Did we have . . .? Did they have . . .? The present tense: I have You have We have They have He She It has has has
Didnt I have . . .? Didnt you have . . .? Didnt he have . . .? Didnt she have . . .? Didnt it have . . .? Didnt we have . . .? Didnt they have . . .? El tiempo presente:
Yes, you did. Yes, I did. Yes, he did. Yes, she did. Yes, it did. Yes, you did. Yes, they did,
No, you did not. No, I did not. No, he did not. No, she did not. No, it did not. No, you did not. No, they did not.
a pen. a pen. a pen. blue ink.
Tengo una pluma. Yo tengo una pluma. T tienes una pluma. Ustedes tienen una pluma. Nosotros tenemos una pluma. Ellos tienen una pluma. El tiene una pluma. Ella tiene una pluma. Tiene tinta azul. La pluma tiene tinta azul. El tiempo pasado: Yo tenia (tuve) un carro. T tenas (tuvste) un carro. Ustedes tenan un carro. El tena (tuvo) un carro. Ella tena (tuvo un carro. Tenia un color azul. Nosotros tenamos (Tuvimos) un carro. Ellos tenan (tuvieron) un carro.
The past tense: I had You had He had She had It had We had They had a) b) c) d) e)
a car. a blue color
I have a book. Tengo un libro. You have a bicycle. T tienes una bicicleta. Ustedes tienen una bicicleta. We had four bicycles. Tenamos cuatro bicicletas. Nosotros tenamos cuatro bicicletas. Charles has a new cell phone. Carlos / Charles tiene un telfono cellular nuevo. Martha and Sergio have some money in the bank. Martha y Sergio tienen algo de dinero en el banco. f) I had some problems with this product. Tuve (Yo tuve) algunos problemas con este producto.
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4.4
THE NEGATIVE AND QUESTION FORMS WITH DONT-DOESNT-DIDNT The verb have follows the subject in a Sentence Structure Agreement: S (subject) + V (verb) + O (object-complement)
El verbo have/has/had sigue al sujeto en una estructura de oraciones en armona (con logica).
In negative and question forms you use the auxiliary verb do/does.
en oraciones negativas y preguntas se usa el vervo auxiliar do/does.
Examples in the negative form: a) I dont have a book. Yo no tengo libro. b) Stephanie doesnt have a bicycle. Stephanie no tiene bicicleta. c) Charles didnt have a cell phone. Carlos / Charlie no tena telfono celular. d) The test didnt have fifty questions. It had 100. Examples in the question and answer form: a) Do you have a grammar book? b) Does Stephanie have a bicycle? c) Did the test have fifty questions? d) Did Charles have a cell phone? Yes, I do. No, she doesnt. No, it didnt. Yes, he did. No, I dont. Yes, she does. Yes, it does. No, he didnt.
Examples in the negative question and answer form: a) Dont you have a book? Yes, I do. b) Doesnt Stephanie have a bicycle? No, she doesnt c) Didnt the test have fifty questions? No, it didnt. d) Didnt Charles have a cell phone? Yes, he did. EXERCISE 5: THE PRESENT AND PAST OF HAVE Directions: Complete the sentences. Use have, has, or had. Read all sentences very carefully. Some are negatives and others are questions. Also, write them Spanish
EXERCISE 5: EL PRESENTE Y PASADO DE HAVE Direcciones: Completa los enunciados. Usa have, has, o had. Lee todos los enunciados con mucho cuidado. Algunos son negativos y otros pregutas. Tambien, escrbelas en Espaol
1. We have grammar books in this classroom. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 2. Teresa has a good dictionary. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 3. Kate _______________ a blue pen. And she _______________ a new notebook too. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 4. _______________ you _______________ a pen in your pocket? Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 5. Bob ___________________ a book, a pen, and a pencil on his desk. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________
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6. He (not) _________________________ a dictionary. He needs to buy one. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 7. Anna and Ralph __________ a notebook and a pen, but they (not) _______________ a pencil. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 8. Anna and Ralph _______________ some time to do their homework last night. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 9. Aurelia is a student in our class. She _______________ a red grammar book. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 10. I _______________ a red grammar book too. It _______________ white letters on the cover. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 11. You and I are students in this school. We _______________ our own books on our desk. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 12. Mike _______________ a wallet in his pocket. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 13. Sarah _______________ a wallet in her purse. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 14. Nadia isnt in class today because she __________ to go to a doctors appointment. She ________ the flu. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 15. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson _______________ two daughters. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 16. They _______________ only one boy. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 17. _______________ the Johnson _______________ three kids? Answer: ___________________ Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 18. The two girls _______________ ham and eggs for breakfast this morning. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 19. The boy _______________ cereal for breakfast this morning.
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4.5
THE USE OF BE vs. HAVE Be sometimes is used to mean have in special occations. Be algunas veces es usado para significar have (tener) en ocaciones especiales. You use be instead of have in the fllowing phrases: Usas be en lugar de have en las siguientes frases: to be cold/hot tener fro/calor the age tener edad the weather cold/hot hace fro/calor hunger tener hambre ? Tengo 25 aos de edad. ? Tengo calor. ? Tengo hambre.
Example: INCORRECT: I have 25 years old. CORRECT: I am 25 years old. INCORRECT: I have hot. CORRECT: I am hot. INCORRECT: I have hungry. CORRECT: I am hungry.
EXERCISE 6: THE USE OF BE vs. HAVE Directions: Complete the sentences. Use have, has, had, or be. Read all sentences very carefully.
EXERCISE 6: EL USO DE BE vs. HAVE Direcciones: Completa los enunciados. Usa have, has, had, o be.
1. Elizabeth _______________ two brothers. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 2. Juan _______________ ten-years old. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 3. It _______________ hot in this room. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 4. I _______________ hot. Could you turn up the air conditioner please? Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 5. Melanie and I are going to Joes restaurant. If you ________ hungry, youre welcome to come along. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 6. Do you _______________ ten dollars on you? Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 7. How old _______________ you? I _______________ 19 years old. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________
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8. How old _______________ your brother? He _______________ 17. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 9. How _______________ you? I _______________ fine. Thank you. And you? Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 10. How _______________ your family? It _______________ fine, thanks. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 11. If you _______________ cold, put a jacket on. No, I _______________ not cold. Thanks. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 12. After I eat this hot dog, if I _______________ still hungry, I will eat another. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 13. How old _______________ your Mom? Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 14. Tomorrow Im going to _______________ a party at my house. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 15. Automobiles _______________ wheels. Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 16. What _______________ you _______________ in your purse? Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 17. Do you _______________ enough money to buy those shoes? Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________ 18. Yes, I do. I _______________ enough money to buy these shoes? Spansih: ____________________________________________________________________
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4.6
THE PAST TENSE OF THE VERB: TO BE (was-were) El tiempo pasado de: to be (was-were). To create the past tense of: be you write: the subject + the verb to be in past + the object. Para crear el tiempo pasado del verbo to be, escribes el sujeto + el verbo to be en pasado + el complemento. Pronoun I You He She It We They Past Was Were Was Was Was Were Were Spanish Yo era, fui, eataba o estuve Tu eras, fuiste, estabas o estuviste ustedes eran, fueron o estuvieron El era, fue, estaba o estuvo Ella era, fue, estaba o estuvo Ese (o) era, fue, estaba o estuvo Nosotros ramos, fuimos, estbamos o estuvimos Ellos eran, fueron, estaban o estuvieron Affirmative: I was He She It You We They was Negative: I was not He She It You We They was not
Definition: 1st person singular 3rd person singular
1st, 2nd, and 3rd person plural
were
were not
Formula: S + was/were + O Examples: Gloria was in the same class with me. I was in Canada a year ago. You were a good help for the people. She was in College last year. They were engineers at FCI Electronics. We were chosen for the new project. Mario and I were in Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas a month ago.
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EXERCISE 7: AFFIRMATIVE (PAST) Directions: Write on the blanks the form of the verb to be in past. Write them in Spanish.
EJERCICIO 7. AFIRMATIVA Direcciones: Escribe en las lineas la forma del verbo to be en pasado. Escribelas en Espaol.
1. Caroline _______was__________ at her Moms house last night. Spanish: _Caroline estuvo en la casa de su mam anoche_ 2. Susan _________________ in a prestige college. Spanish: _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Mr. White and Joe _______________ in Midland two weeks ago. Spanish: _____________________________________________________________________ 4. Mr. Smith ______________ our Geography teacher last semester. Spanish: _____________________________________________________________________ 5. Alicia ______________ in her room all morning. Spanish: _____________________________________________________________________ 6. Concha _____________ in the store last Sunday. Spanish: _____________________________________________________________________ 7. They ________________ talking about money. Spanish: _____________________________________________________________________ 8. Tom and you _____________ the most complicated to train. Spanish: _____________________________________________________________________ 9. John _____________ in his office five minutes ago. Spanish: _____________________________________________________________________ 10. Sam, Fabian, and Servando _____________ in the class yesterday around 5:30 p.m. Spanish: _____________________________________________________________________
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4.7
NEGATIVE, QUESTIONS, AND ANSWERS To create a sentence in the negative form, you write the subject + was/were not + O. Para crear enunciados negativos, escribes el sujeto was/were not + el complemento. Negative: S + was/were + not + O Examples in the past negative. I was not in Brazil a year ago. You were not a bad person. She was not dumb. They were not engineers at Scientific Atlanta. John and Pete were not at the airport. You were not a good basketball player. We were not playing baseball. Jesse was not old enough for this game. Sergio and I were not in the team list. EXERCISE 8: NEGATIVE Directions: Write on the blanks the correct form of the verb to be in the past negative form. Write them in Spanish.
EJERCICIO 8: NEGATIVA. Direcciones: Escribe en las lineas la forma correcta del verbo to be en el pasado negativo. Escribelas en Espaol.
1. Martha _____was not______ in class yesterday. Spanish: ___Martha no estuvo en clase ayer. ___________________________________ 2. Susie ___________________ interested in the new job. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ 3. They _______________ the winners. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ 4. The kitchen ____________________ big. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ 5. The documents ____________________ on your desk. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ 6. The file cabinet ___________________ in my office. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________
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7. My office ________________ properly equipped. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ 8. We ________________ running fast enough. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ 9. Sandra _______________ in this class. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ 10. They ________________ happy. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ 11. I ____________________ at the car show this morning. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ 12. Tanya, Sonia, and Sandra _____________________ in this company. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
PREGUNTAS Y RESPUESTAS
To form questions, you place the verb to be before the main subject. Para formar preguntas, escribes el verbo to be antes del sujeto principal. Question: Was/Were + S + O? Questions Was I? Were you? Was He? she? It? We? they? Answers Yes, You were. Yes, I was. Yes, he she it we they No, you were not. No, I was not. was. No, he she it we they was not
Were
Yes,
were. No,
were not.
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EXERCISE 9: QUESTION Directions: Write the following sentences in Spanish and change them to questions.
EJERCICIO 9: QUESTION Direcciones: Escribe las siguientes oraciones en Espaol y cambialas a preguntas.
1. Juan was in class last Thursday. Spanish: ___Juan estuvo en clase el Jueves pasado.________________________________ Question: _Was Juan in class last Thursday? _____________________________________ 2. Sofia was in Europe a month ago. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ Question: ___________________________________________________________________ 3. He was a good cop. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ Question: ___________________________________________________________________ 4. The boys were running inside the mall. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ Question: ___________________________________________________________________ 5. You were in charge of the business. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ Question: ___________________________________________________________________ 6. Susie and Cecilia were in this English class long time ago. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ Question: ___________________________________________________________________ 7. They were good students. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ Question: ___________________________________________________________________ 8. I was their teacher. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ Question: ___________________________________________________________________
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9. I was busy when you called. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ Question: ___________________________________________________________________ 10. They were preparing their luggage for the trip. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ Question: ___________________________________________________________________ 11. You and your brother were playing on the street. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ Question: ___________________________________________________________________ 12. Mary was at her job yesterday. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ Question: ___________________________________________________________________ 13. Jessica was in this school long time ago. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ Question: ___________________________________________________________________ 14. She was cooking the beans in the morning. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ Question: ___________________________________________________________________ 15. All of us from the class were together in Julies apartment. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ Question: ___________________________________________________________________ 16. All the neighbors in the building were sleeping. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ Question: ___________________________________________________________________ 17. Every one of us in the party was having fun. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ Question: ___________________________________________________________________
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ANSWERS
RESPUESTAS
To give an affirmative answer, you write Yes, plus the personal pronoun, plus the verb: be. Para dar una respuesta afirmativa, escribes Yes, ms el pronombre personal ms el verbo be Yes, + Pron + was/were. To give a negative answer, you write: No, plus the personal pronoun, plus be not. Para dar una respuesta negativa, escribes No, ms el pronombre personal, ms be not. No, + Pron + was/were + not. Questions and answers: Was Pedro in Cancn last year? Yes, he was. Were Helen and Lola good friends? Yes, they were. Were you in Delicias last weekend? Yes, I was. Was your friend prepared for the exam? Yes, she was. Was I your partner in this business? Yes, you were. Were all the students in Art last semester? Yes, they were. EXERCISE 10: SHORT ANSWERS. Directions: Write the answers after each question
EJERCICIO 10: RESPUESTAS CORTAS. Direcciones: Escribe las respuestas despus de cada pregunta.
No, he was not. No they were not. No, I was not. No, she was not. No, you were not. No, they were not.
1. Was the grammar test hard? Yes, _______________________ No, it wasnt
2. Was your brother in Junior High last year? Yes, _______________________ 3. Was your car painted blue? Yes, _______________________ No, _____________________________ No, _____________________________
4. Were your parents in Paris two years ago? Yes, _______________________ No, _____________________________
5. Was your cousin in town yesterday? Yes, _______________________ No, _____________________________
6. Were you and Carlos out of town last week? Yes, _______________________ No, _____________________________
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4.8
THE PRESENT AND PAST PROGRESSIVE
EL PRESENTE Y PASADO PROGRESIVO
The present and past progressive is form with the verb to be plus an action verb with termination ing.
El presente y pasado progresivo se forma con el verbo to be ms un verbo de accin con terminacin ing. La terminacin del verbo en accin en Espaol es: ando, endo, indo, etc.
The meaning of the present progressive refers to a situation or event that it is happening at the time that the speaker is talking. Some of the common phrases to identify the present pregressive are: right now, at this moment, at this second, and at this very moment. Formula of the present progressive: S + BE (are-am-is) + V-ing + O Negative formula of the present progressive: S + BE (are-am-is) + not + V-ing + O Question formula of the present progressive: (Are-Am-Is) + S + V-ing + O?
El significado del presente progresivo se refiere a una situacin o evento que est sucediendo al tiempo en que la persona est hablando. Algunas de las frases communes para identificar el presente progresivo son: ahora mismo, en este momento, en este segundo, en este preciso momento.
The meaning of the past progressive refers to an event or situation that occurred in the past.
El siginificado del pasado progresivo se refiere a un evento o situacin que ocurri en el pasado.
Formula of the past progressive: S + BE (was-were) + V-ing + O Negative formula of the past progressive: S + BE (was-were) + not + V-ing + O Question formula of the past progressive: (Was-Were) + S + V-ing + O? Examples: a) Jos is reading his grammar book. b) Mara is cooking a delicious meal right now. c) Juan and Paul are running in the football field. d) We are preparing the things for the party. e) Mario is changing the oil of his car right now. f) Edith is writing some notes on her notebook. g) They are watching the soccer game at this very moment. h) My uncle and my aunt are planting flowers in their garden. i) Mara was cooking a delicious meal yesterday. j) Juan and Paul were running in the football field. k) We were preparing the things for the party. l) Mario was changing the oil of his car this morning. m) Edith was writing some notes on her notebook last class. n) They were watching the soccer game last Sunday. o) My uncle and my aunt were planting flowers in their garden yesterday morning. Non-action verbs are not permitted to form the progressive. The verbs marked with *, can be used both progressive and non-progressive. Next, there is a list of them:
Verbos de no-accin, no son permitidos para formar el progresivo. Los verbos marcador con *, pueden usarse en ambas formas, progresivo y no-progresivo. En seguida hay una lista de ellos.
see hate
know posses
like love own prefer belong need
believe exist want forget hear sound understand remember think* have* be*
*These verbs can be either progressive or non-progressive. Estos verbos pueden ser ambos, progresivos y no-progresivos.
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EXERCISE 11: PRESENT AND PAST PROGRESSIVE Directions: Write the correct form of the present or past progressive in the blank. Pay attention to the phrases that refer to the related tense and translate the sentences to Spanish.
EJERCICIO 11: PRESENTE Y PASADO PROGRESIVO Instrucciones: Escribe la forma correcta del presente o pasado progresivo en los espacios. Pon atencin a las frases que refieren el tiempo y traduce los enunciados al Espanol.
1. I _am_ _sitting_ (sit) in class right now. Spanish: Estoy sentado en clase en este momento(ahora mismo/justo ahora). 2. Carlita __________ ____________________ (wear) a white blouse and a blue skirt. Spanish: ______________________________________ 3. The bunnie _____ ________________ (jump) the rope. Spanish: _____________________________________ 4. We __________ ____________________ (use) the computer yesterday. Spanish: _____________________________________ 5. Samuel __________ ____________________ (wear) blue jeans and a sweat shirt. Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________ 6. He __________ ____________________ (wear) sneakers, white socks, and a wristwatch. Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________ 7. Jay __________ ____________________ (stand) in the middle of the room. Spanish: __________________________________________ 8. The monkey __________ ____________________ (paint) a picture of a clown. Spanish: __________________________________________ 9. They __________ ____________________ (paint) the house maroon and cream last weekend. Spanish: __________________________________________ 10. Alex __________ ____________________ (sit) in front of the screen. Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________
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EXERCISE 12: THE NEGATIVE FORM Directions: Change the sentences to the negative form and translate the sentences to Spanish.
EJERCICIO 12: LA FORMA NEGATIVA Instrucciones: Cambia las oraciones a la forma negativa y tradcelas a Espaol.
1. The child is playing with the toys. Change: The child is not playing with the toys. Translation: El nio no est jugando con los jugetes. 2. Your sister was playing in class last Tuesday. Change: _______________________________________________________ Translation: ____________________________________________________ 3. Mercy was sleeping all morning today. Change: _______________________________________________________ Translation: ____________________________________________________ 4. Mercy and Stephanie were preparing breakfast for us this morning. Change: _______________________________________________________ Translation: ____________________________________________________ 5. Mario was working on his car yesterday afternoon. Change: _______________________________________________________ Translation: ____________________________________________________ 6. Yessenia is asking a lot of questions. Change: _______________________________________________________ Translation: ____________________________________________________ 7. Elvira is answering all the questions this afternoon today. Change: _______________________________________________________ Translation: ____________________________________________________ 8. Letty is smailing today. Change: _______________________________________________________ Translation: ____________________________________________________
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EXERCISE 13: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Directions: Write the correct form of the present progressive in the blanks. Answer the questions in your own words. Fill all the blanks and translate the sentences to Spanish.
EJERCICIO 13: PRESENTE Y PASADO PROGRESIVO Instrucciones: Escribe la forma correcta del presente o pasado progresivo en los espacios. Pon atencin a las frases que refieren el tiempo. Llena todos los espacios y traduce los enunciados al Espanol.
1. What _is_ the elephant (do) _doing?
Answer: The elephant is reading the newspaper. 2. What __________ the _______________ (do) ____________________?
Answer: ___________________________________________________________ 3. What __________ the _______________ (do) ____________________?
Answer: ___________________________________________________________
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4. What __________ the _______________ (do) ____________________?
Answer: ___________________________________________________________ 5. What __________ the _______________ and the _______________ (do) _______________?
Answer: ___________________________________________________________
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4.9
THE FUTURE TENSE WITH BE + GOING TO EL TIEMPO FUTURO CON BE + GOING TO

Pronoun I You He She It We They Future am are is is is are are Future going to going to going to going to going to going to going to Spanish Yo voy a Tu vas a El va a Ella va a Ese/aquel va a Nosotros vamos a Ellos/ellas van a
To form the future tense with be + going to, you must write the verb to be in present (am-is-are) after the subject + the phrase going to + the object or another verb and an object. Para formar la negacin escribes el sujeto + el verbo to be en presente (am-is-are) + la negacin not + la frase going to + el objeto (complemento) o otro verbo y un objeto. Affirmative: I You He She It We They Negative: I You He She It We They Answers Yes, You are. Yes, I am. Yes, he she it we they is. No, you are not. No, I am not. No, he she it we they is not
(am-is-are) going to
(am-is-are) not going to
Questions Am I going to? Are you going to? Is he going to? Is she going to? Is It going to? Are We going to? Are they going to?
Yes,
are. No,
are not.
FORMULAS: S + be + going to + Place S + be + going to + V + O
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Examples:
I am going to be in Florida next week. I am going to Florida next week.
Yo voy a estar en Florida la prxima semana. Yo voy a (ir a) Florida la prxima semana.
Thomas is going to go to the airport at 5:00. Thomas va a ir al aeropuerto a las 5:00. Thomas is going to the airport at 5:00. Thomas va (a ir) al aeropuerto a las 5:00. Veronica is going to work in this company. Veronica va a trabajar en esta compaia. Veronica is going to the plant. Veronica va (a ir) a la planta. We are going to dance in the wedding. We are going to the wedding. Nosotros vamos a bailar en la boda. Nosotros vamos a (ir) la boda.
EXERCISE 14: THE FUTURE AFFIRMATIVE Directions: Write the verb to be in the future tense and translate the sentences to Spanish.
EJERCICIO 14: EL FUTURO AFIRMATIVO. Direcciones: Escribe el verbo to be en el tiempo futuro y traduce las oraciones en Espaol.
1. All Students (be) ______are going to be______ in the next level next semester. Spanish: Todos los estudiantes van a estar en el siguiente nivel el semester que viene. 2. They (be) _______________________________ working for a good company. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 3. She (be) _______________________________ in the evening news. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 4. He _______________________________ (be) upset when he hears the news. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 5. It _______________________________ (be) all right if you bring the paper plates and glasses to the party this Saturday. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 6. We _______________________________ (be) at the park this evening. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 7. They _____________________________ (be) in the cafeteria. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________
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4.10
THE NEGATIVE, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS To form the negative form you write the verb the subject + the verb to be in present (am-is-are) + the negative not + the phrase going to + the object or another verb and an object. Para forma el tiempo futuro con be + going to, tienes que escribir el verbo to be en presente (am-is-are) despus del sujecto + la frase going to + y el objeto (complemento) o otro verbo y un objeto. FORMULAS: S + be + not + going to + Place S + be + not + going to + V + O
Examples: I am going to be in Florida next week. I am not going to be in Florida next week. Thomas is going to the airport at 5:00. Thomas is not going to the airport at 5:00. Veronica is going to work tomorrow. Veronica is not going to work tomorrow. We are going to dance at the wedding. We are not going to the wedding.
Yo voy a estar en Florida la prxima semana. Yo no voy a estar en Florida la prxima semana. Thomas va a ir al aeropuerto a las 5:00. Thomas no va a ir al aeropuerto a las 5:00. Veronica va a trabajar maana. Veronica no va a trabajar maana. Nosotros vamos a bailar en la boda. Nosotros no vamos a ir a la boda.
EXERCISE 15: THE NEGATIVE FORM Directions: Write the future of be in affirmative, and then in negative. Use be going to, and translate them to Spanish in the two forms.
EJERCICIO 15: LA FORMA NEGATIVA Direcciones: Escribe el futuro de be en afirmativo, luego en negativo. Usa be going to y traducelas al Espaol en sus dos formas.
1. Jos Luis ___ is going to be _____ here today. Spanish: ______Jos Luis va a estar aqu hoy. ____________________________ Negative: _____Jose Luis is not going to be here today _____________________ Spanish: ______Jos Luis no va a estar aqu hoy. _________________________ 2. She _______________________________ in the party tonight. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________ Negative: _____________________________________________________________ Spanish: _______________________________________________________________
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3. You _______________________________ the supervisor for the second shift. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________ Negative: _____________________________________________________________ Spanish: _______________________________________________________________ 4. All of us, _______________________________ be bilingual if we do our homework. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________ Negative: ____________________________________ be bilingual if we dont do our homework. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________ 5. The meat _______________________________ ready in three hours. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________ Negative: _____________________________________________________________ Spanish: _______________________________________________________________ 6. The test _______________________________ easy if you study. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________ Negative: _________________________________________ if you dont study. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________ 7. The house _______________________________ locked when you come back from work. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________ Negative: _____________________________________________________________ Spanish: _______________________________________________________________ 8. Aunt Lily _______________________________ here tomorrow afternoon. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________ Negative: _____________________________________________________________ Spanish: _______________________________________________________________
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EXERCISE 16: THE QUESTION FORM Directions: Use be + going to and the verb to be in its question form. Write them in Spanish.
EJERCICIO 16: LA FORMA DE PREGUNTA Direcciones: Usa be + going to y el verbo to be en pregunta. Escribelas en Espaol.
1. All the students are going to be in college next year. Spanish: __Todos los estudiantes van a estar en el colegio el prximo ao__ Question: __Are all the students going to be in college next year?____________ 2. They _______________________________ working as engineers for the next six months. Spanish: _________________________________________________________________ Question: _________________________________________________________________ 3. He _______________________________ studying during his vacations. Spanish: _________________________________________________________________ Question: _________________________________________________________________ 4. We _______________________________ at your house about 9:00 oclock tonight. Spanish: _________________________________________________________________ Question: _________________________________________________________________ 5. We _______________________________ the owners of this property. Spanish: _________________________________________________________________ Question: _________________________________________________________________ 6. He _______________________________ the supervisor. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________ Question: _________________________________________________________________ 7. The lawyer _______________________________ in court for your case. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________ Question: _________________________________________________________________
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THE ANSWERS
LAS RESPUESTAS
To give the short answers you write: Yes/No, plus the personal pronoun, plus the auxiliary. Para dar respuestas cortas escribes: Yes/No, mas el pronombre personal, mas el auxiliar. Answers: Yes, + Pron + be. Examples: Are you going to be in class next week? Yes, I am. No, I am not. Is Cecilia going to be a doctor soon? Yes, she is. No, she is not. Are Mark and Jane going to be in Odessa this weekend? Yes, they are. No, they are not. No, theryre not they arent. EXERCISE 17: ANSWERS Directions: Write the following sentences in Spanish and give answers.
EJERCICIO 17: PREGUNTAS Direcciones: Escribe las siguientes oraciones en Espaol y da las respuestas.
No, + Pron + be not No, Im not.
1. Is Helen going to be in this school next semester? Spanish: Answers: Va a estar Helen en esta escuela el prximo semestre? Yes, she is. / No, she is not. / No, shes not. / No, she isnt.
2. Are they going to be in college next semester? Spanish: Answers: ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
3. Is Karla going to be bilingual soon? Spanish: Answers: ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
4. Am I going to be your partner in this team? Spanish: Answers: ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
5. Are we going to be in level 2 next semester? Spanish: Answers: ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
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4.11
THE FUTURE TIME WITH BE GOING TO AND OTHER VERBS EL TIEMPO FUTURO CON BE GOING TO Y OTROS VERBOS EXERCISE 18: THE FUTURE: OTHER VERBS Directions: Write the following sentences in future as indicated. Use the verbs in parentheses. Write them in Spanish.
EJERCICIO 18: EL FUTURO: OTROS VERBOS Direcciones: Escribe las siguientes oraciones en futuro como se indica. Usa los verbos en parntesis. Escrbelas en Espaol. OPTIONAL
1. Angel and I ___are going to (go)____ (go) to the seconds this morning. Spanish: ___Angel y yo vamos a ir a las segundas sta maana.___ Negative: ___Angel and I are not going to go to the seconds this morning.___ Question: ___Are Angel and you going to go to the seconds this morning?_____ Answers: ___Yes, we are___ ___No, we are not__ 2. We _______________________________ (buy) some movies for my wife. Spanish: Negative: Question: Answers: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _______________________ ____________________________________
3. My daughter _____________________________________ (stay) home all day. Spanish: Negative: Question: Answers: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _______________________ ____________________________________
4. I ____________________________________ (take) the Van because its running fine. Spanish: Negative: Question: Answers: ________________________________________________________________ __________________________________take the Van because its broken. ________________________________________________________________ _______________________ ____________________________________
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5. The computer ____________________________________ (check) the spelling of your letter. Spanish: Negative: Question: Answers: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _______________________ ____________________________________
6. The food ___________________________________ (be) ready in a few minutes. Spanish: Negative: Question: Answers: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _______________________ ____________________________________
7. Everybody ___________________________________ (eat) in 20 minutes. Spanish: Negative: Question: Answers: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _______________________ ____________________________________
8. The livingroom _______________________________ (be) painted orange. Spanish: Negative: Question: Answers: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _______________________ ____________________________________
9. I ____________________________ (go) to the store and ____________________________ (buy) some groceries for us. Spanish: Negative: Question: Answers: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _______________________ ____________________________________
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4.12
CONTRACTED VERB-PHRASES
FRASES ABREVIADAS
Contracted phrases are shorter than normal phrases, and they are used very commonly. Las frases abreviadas son ms cortas que las normales y su uso es ms comn. To be in present I am Im You are youre He is hes She is shes It is its We are were They are theyre To be negative I am not Im not You are not youre not or you arent He is not hes not or he isnt She is not shes not or she isnt It is not its not or it isnt We are not were not or we arent They are not theyre not or they arent To be past negative I was not I wasnt You were not you werent He was not he wasnt She was not she wasnt It was not it wasnt We were not we werent They were not they werent
Present affirmative: I am a teacher = Im a teacher. He is your brother = hes your brother. It is a component = its a component. They are good = theyre good. You are the leader = youre the leader. Mary is my sister = Marys my sister. We are operators = were operators. Past negative: I was not a teacher. You were not the leader. He was not your brother. Mary was not my sister. It is not a component. We were not operators. They were not bad people.
Present negative: I am not a technician = Im not a technician. You are not the leader = youre not/you arent the leader. He is not your brother = hes not (he isnt) your brother. Mary is not my sister = Marys not (Mary isnt) my sister. It is not a flashlight = its not (it isnt) a flashlight. We are not operators = were not (we arent) operators. They are not good = theyre not (they arent) good. I wasnt a teacher. You werent the leader. He wasnt your brother. Mary wasnt my sister. It wasnt a component. We werent operators. They werent bad people.
EXERCISE 19: CONTRACTED VERB-PHRASES Directions: Write the following sentences with the contracted form.
EJERCICIO 19: ABREVIATURAS DE LAS FRASES Y VERBOS. Direcciones: Escriba la forma abreviada de las siguientes oraciones.
1. She is the Biology teacher. Contracted: _______Shes the Biology teacher. _____________________________ Spanish: ____________________________________________________________ 2. They are waiting for us. Contracted: ___________________________________________________________ Spanish: ____________________________________________________________
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3. Susie is very busy. Contracted: ___________________________________________________________ Spanish: ____________________________________________________________ 4. It is raining so hard today. Contracted: __________________________________________________________ Spanish: ____________________________________________________________ 5. We are planning to go to Morelia on August. Contracted: __________________________________________________________ Spanish: ____________________________________________________________ 6. They are not going to the Zoo. Contracted: __________________________________________________________ Spanish: ____________________________________________________________ 7. I was not in the classroom two hours ago. Contracted: __________________________________________________________ Spanish: ____________________________________________________________ 8. Patty is not busy right now. Contracted: __________________________________________________________ Spanish: ____________________________________________________________ 9. She is the coordinator. Contracted: __________________________________________________________ Spanish: ____________________________________________________________ 10. John is my cousin. Contracted: __________________________________________________________ Spanish: ____________________________________________________________ END OF LESSON 4
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Lesson 5
Demonstrative Pronouns: this/that these / those
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS 5.1 THE USE OF THIS & THAT The meaning of this in Spanish is:
El significado de this en Espaol es: PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOS
este, esta esto (singular)

este, esta esto (singular)
The speaker uses this/these when he/she is talking about a thing that is near to him/her.
El que habla (conferenciante) usa this/these cuando est hablando de una cosa que est cerca de l/ella.
This chair sta silla This table sta mesa This desk ste escritorio This office sta oficina This book ste libro This pen sta pluma This apple sta manzana
that chair esa / aquella silla that table esa / aquella mesa that desk ese / aquel escritorio that office esa / aquella oficina that book ese / aquel libro that pen esa / aquella pluma (bolgrafo) that apple esa / aquella manzana
Most of the time, this, that, and their plurals are commonly followed by the verb to be in present (is), and past (was).
La mayora del tiempo, this, that, y sus formas plurales son comunmente seguidos por el verbo to be en presente (is), y en pasado (was).
This book = the book is near me
That book = the book is not near me
This book is mine
That book is yours
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SINGULAR + SINGULAR + SINGULARE + SINGULAR PRONOUN VERB ARTICLE NOUN SINGULAR + SINGULAR + SINGULARE + SINGULAR PRONOUN VERB ARTICLE NOUN
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+ house that + is +
This + is
house
This is a chair sta es una silla This is a table sta es una mesa This is a desk ste es un escritorio This is an office sta es una oficina This is a book ste es un libro This is a blue pen sta es una pluma azul This is an apple sta es una manzana
That is a chair esa / aquella es una silla. That is a table esa / aquella es una mesa. That is a desk ese / aquel es un escritorio. That is an office esa / aquella es una oficina. That is a book ese / aquel es un libro. That is a blue pen esa aquella es una pluma azul. That is an apple esa / aquella es una manzana.
5.2
THE NEGATIVE FORM
LA FORMA NEGATIVA
To create negative sentences with this/that, remember to write the negation not after the auxiliary verb be (is) or do (does). In this case is be.
Para crear oraciones negativas con this/that, recuerda que se escribe la negacin not en seguida del verbo auxiliar be o do. En ste caso es be.
SINGULAR + SINGULAR + SINGULAR + SINGULAR PRONOUN VERB ARTICLE NOUN SINGULAR + SINGULAR + SINGULAR + SINGULAR PRONOUN VERB ARTICLE NOUN
This + is not +
+ house
that + is not +
+ house
This is not a chair sta no es una silla. This is not a table sta no es una mesa. This is not a desk ste no es un escritorio. This is not an apple sta no es una manzana. This is not a radio ste no es un radio.
That is not a chair esa / aquella no es una silla. That is not a table esa / aquella no es una mesa. That is not a desk ese / aquel no es un escritorio. That is not an apple esa / aquella no es una manzana. That is not a radio ese / aquel no es un radio.
In cases when the noun-subject follows this/that, you also write the negation not after the auxiliary verbs be (is) or do (does).
En cases donde el sustantivo-sujeto sigue this/that, tambin escribes la negacin not en seguida del verbo auxiliar be (is) o do (does).
SINGULAR PRONOUN SINGULAR NOUN SINGULAR VERB OBJECT NOUNS & ADJECTIVES
This
house-car-etc
is-has-looks-etc
big-doors-beautiful- etc
This house is not big. This car does not have five doors. This TV does not look big. This radio does not need repairs. This grass is not green.
Esta casa no es grande. Este carro no tiene 5 puestas. Esta televisin no se ve grande. Este radio no necesita reparaciones. Este pasto/sacate no est verde.
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EXERCISE 1: USING: THIS/THAT Directions: Write on the lines this is in the first blank, and that is in the negative form. Also write them in Spanish.
EJERCICIO 1: USANDO: THIS/THAT Direcciones: Escribe en las lineas this is en el primer espacio y that is en la forma negativa. Tambien escrbelas en Espaol.
Example: Whats this: (tree)?
Answer: This is a tree. That is a tree. 2: (House) ____________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ 4: (Photo) ______________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ 6: (Hotel) ______________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ 8: (Book) ______________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ 10: (Pen) ______________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ 12: (Horse) ____________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ 97
1: (Bus) ________________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________ Negative: __________________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________ 3: (movie) ______________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________ Negative: __________________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________ 5: (Orange) _____________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________ Negative: __________________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________ 7: (Chair) ______________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________ Negative: __________________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________ 9: (Car) ________________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________ Negative: __________________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________ 11: (Computer) __________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________ Negative: __________________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________
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THE PLURAL FORM
5.3
THE USE OF THESE & THOSE
LA FORMA PLURAL
The speaker uses these or those plus a noun in plural, when he/she is talking about things that are near him/her.
El que habla (conferenciante) usa these o those y un sustantivo en plural cuando est hablando de cosas que estn cerca de l/ella.
Singular Este (a) esto Ese (a), eso, aquel (lla) Es, est No es / no est this that is is not these those are are not
Plural estos (as) esos (as), aquellos (as) son, estn no son / no estn
The verb to be in present. These chairs stas sillas These tables stas mesas These apples stas manzanas These oranges stas naranjas those chairs esas / aquellas sillas those tables esas / aquellas mesas those apples esas / aquellas manzanas those oranges esas / aquellas naranjas
Most of the time, these, those, and their plurals are commonly followed by the verb to be in present (are), and past (were).
La mayora del tiempo, this, that, y sus formas plurales son comunmente seguidos por el verbo to be en presente (are), y en pasado (were).
PLURAL PRONOUN PLURAL VERB PLURAL PARTICLE PLURAL NOUN
These/Those +
are
two-five-some + many a lot of *
cars radios desks TVs houses apples oranges etc.
These are the chairs for the conference room. Those are a lot of tables. Those are many files. These are some lessons for the class. These are the new articles. These are 15 questions. Those are the new people for this line. Affirmative: That is a table. That is a bedroom. That is a tree. Thats a building. Those are tables. Those are bees. Those are chairs.
*Meanings:
Estas son las sillas para la sala de conferencias. Esas son muchas mesas. Esos son muchos archivos. Estas son algunas lecciomes para la clase. Estos son los artculos nuevos. Estas son 15 preguntas. Esas son las personas nuevas para esta lnea. Answers: Yes, it is. Yes, it is. Yes, it is. Yes, it is. Yes, they are. Yes, they are. Yes, they are.
SINGULAR AND PLURAL OF THAT/THOSE
Negative: Question: That isnt a table. Is that a table? Thats not a bedroom. Is that a bedroom? Thats not a tree. Is that a tree? Thats not a building. Is that a building? Those arent tables Are those tables? Those arent bees. Are those bees? Those arent chairs. Are those chairs?
= nothing (nada) many = muchos (as)
No, it isnt. No, it isnt. No, it isnt. No, it isnt. No, they arent. No, they arent. No, they arent.
some = algunos algunas algo algo de a lot of = mucho mucha muchos muchas
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EXERCISE 2: USING: THESE/THOSE Directions: Write on the lines these are in the first blank, and those are in the negative form. Also write them in Spanish.
EJERCICIO 2: USANDO: THESE/THOSE Direcciones: Escribe en las lineas these are en el primer espacio y those are en la forma negativa. Tambien escrbelas en Espaol.
Example: What are these (trees)? 1: (pencils) __________________________
Answer: These are trees. Those are trees. 2: (Hoses) ____________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ 4: (Photos) _____________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ 6: (beds) _______________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ 8: (notes) ______________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ 10: (Pins) ______________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ 12: (Houses) ___________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ 99
Spanish: ___________________________________ Negative: __________________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________ 3: (movies) __________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________ Negative: __________________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________ 5: (Oranges) _________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________ Negative: __________________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________ 7: (tables) ___________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________ Negative: __________________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________ 9: (Cartoons) ________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________ Negative: __________________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________ 11: (Computers) ______________________ Spanish: ___________________________________ Negative: __________________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________
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EXERCISE 3: USING: THIS-THESE/THAT-THOSE Directions: Complete the sentences. Use the words in parentheses and translate the sentences to Spanish. .
EJERCICIO 3: USANDO: THIS-THESE/THAT-THOSE Direcciones: Completa las oraciones. Usa las palabras del parntesis y traduce las a Espaol.
1. (This/These) these books belong to me. (That/Those) that book belongs to Kate. Translation: __________________________________________________________________ 2. (This/These) ____________ coat is black. (That/Those) ____________ coats are tan. Translation: __________________________________________________________________ 3. (This/These) ____________ earrings are gold. (That/Those) ____________ earrings are silver. Translation: __________________________________________________________________ 4. (This/These) ____________ pencil belongs to Angel. (That/Those) ____________ pencil belongs to Alex. Translation: __________________________________________________________________ 5. (This/These) ____________ words are easy to understand, but (That/Those) ____________ words on the board are hard. Translation: __________________________________________________________________ 6. (This/These) ____________ sunglasses belong to me. (That/Those) ____________ sunglasses belong to you. Translation: __________________________________________________________________ 7. (This/These) ____________ exercise is easy. (That/Those) ____________ exercises on the board are very difficult. Translation: __________________________________________________________________ 8. Some students are sitting at (This/These) ____________ desks, but (That/Those) ____________ desks are empty. Translation: __________________________________________________________________ 9. (This/These) ____________ grammar book on my desk belongs to Elvira, but (That/Those) ____________ book on ____________ table belongs to Tere. Translation: __________________________________________________________________
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LA FORMA DE PREGUNTA
5.4
THE QUESTION FORM
EXERCISE 4: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Directions: Write this, that, these, or those on the lines. Also write them in Spanish, questions, and answers.
EJERCICIO 4: PREGUNTAS Y RESPUESTAS Direcciones: Escriba this, that, these, o those sobre las lineas. Tambien escrbelas en Espaol, en preguntas y respuestas.
1. ___________________ a big house. Spanish: ________________________________________________________ Question: _______________________________________________________ Answers: _____________________

PRONOUN
_______________________________
2. ______________ two cars __________ for sale.

VERB TO BE
Spanish: ________________________________________________________ Question: _______________________________________________________ Answers: _____________________

PRONOUN
_______________________________
3. _______________ pencils __________ for the students.

VERB TO BE
Spanish: ________________________________________________________ Question: _______________________________________________________ Answers: _____________________ _______________________________
4. ___________________ the first book for beginners level I. Spanish: ________________________________________________________ Question: _______________________________________________________ Answers: _____________________ _______________________________
5. ___________________ a good lesson. Spanish: ________________________________________________________ Question: _______________________________________________________ Answers: _____________________ _______________________________
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EXERCISE 5: THAT AND THOSE Directions: Write that or those on the lines. Also write them in Spanish and negative.
EJERCICIO 5: THAT Y THOSE Direcciones: Escriba that o those en las lineas. Tambien escribelas en Espaol y negacin.
1. ___________________ an apple. Negative: _______________________________________________________ Spanish: ________________________________________________________ 2. ___________________ a dozen of eggs. Negative: _______________________________________________________ Spanish: ________________________________________________________ 3. ___________________ the pencils for you. Negative: _______________________________________________________ Spanish: ________________________________________________________ 4. ___________________ books are for the students. Negative: _______________________________________________________ Spanish: ________________________________________________________ 5. ___________________ papers are for your boss. Negative: _______________________________________________________ Spanish: ________________________________________________________ 6. ___________________ car is for you. Negative: _______________________________________________________ Spanish: ________________________________________________________ 7. ___________________ desk is for the teacher. Negative: _______________________________________________________ Spanish: ________________________________________________________
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EXERCISE 6: THE USE OF THIS AND THESE Directions: Change the following sentences. If the sentence is in singular (this), change it to plural (these) or vice-versa. Change the verb to be and everything else as necessary.
EJERCICIO 6: EL USO DE THIS Y THESE Direcciones: Cambia las siguientes oraciones. Si est en singular (this), cambiala a plural (these), o vice versa. Cambia el verbo to be y todo lo dems que sea necesario.
NOTE: When you change sentences or phrases from singular to plural or vice verse, you need to change the verb and all other words that need to be changed in order to have the whole sentence in agreement and common sense. NOTA: Cuando cambies enunciados o frases de singular a plural o vice versa, necesitas cambiar el verbo y cualquier otra palabra que sea necesario cambiar para que la oracin tenga armonia y sentido comn. Example: (singular) This is my book. 1. These apples are expensive. Change form: _________________________________________________________________ 2. This is a good marker. Change form: _________________________________________________________________ 3. I want this car for my son. Change form: _________________________________________________________________ 4. Miguel placed these boxes in those rooms. Change form: _________________________________________________________________ 5. These are some lessons for all of you. Change form: _________________________________________________________________ 6. Daniel took that package to the post office. Change form: _________________________________________________________________ 7. This is a truck. Change form: _________________________________________________________________ 8. Those are a lot of trucks. Change form: _________________________________________________________________ 9. That is a new TV set. Change form: _________________________________________________________________
(plural) These are my books.
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EXERCISE 7: THE USE OF: THAT AND THOSE Directions: Translate all sentences to Spanish. Change them to their singular or plural form, whatever the case is. Convert them to their negative form. Change them to questions and give the short answers.
EJERCICIO 7: EL USO DE: THAT Y THOSE Direcciones: Traduce todas las oraciones al Espaol. Cambialas a la forma singular o plural, cualquiera que sea el caso. Convirtelas a su forma negativa. Cmbialas a preguntas y da las respuestas cortas.
1. Those connections are difficult to do. Spanish: _____Esas conecciones son dificiles de hacer _________ Change form: _____That connection is difficult to do_______________ Negative: _____That connection is not difficult to do____________ Question: _____Is that connection difficult to do? ___ _________ ______________ Answers: _____Yes, it is. No, it isnt 2. That glass is too thin. Spanish: Change form: Negative: Question: Answers: Spanish: Change form: Negative: Question: Answers: Spanish: Change form: Negative: Question: Answers: Spanish: Change form: Negative: Question: Answers: ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________
3. That is a new car.
4. Those children are playing basketball outside.
5. Those are the new workers.
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5.5
THE PAST TENSE OF THIS and THAT In this case, the verb to be is the one that shows the time of the sentences. Meanings of this, these, that, and those. Este (a) esto Ese (a), eso, aquel (lla) Era, estaba Singular this that was Plural these those were estos (as) esos (as), aquellos (llas) eran, estaban
The verb to be in past In a), b), c), and d), the verb is in the past time singular and negative forms. In e), f), g), and h), the verb is the past time, plural, and negative, forms. a) This was a good present. b) Was this a good present? c) This wasnt a good present. d) That was a good present. e) Was that a good present? f) That wasnt a good present. g) These were good presents. h) Were these good presents? i) These werent good presents. j) Those were good presents. k) Were those good presents? l) Those werent good presents.
EXAMPLES:
Yes, it was.
No, it was not / wasnt.
Yes, it was.
No, it was not / wasnt.
Yes, they were.
No, they were not / werent.
Yes, they were.

EJEMPLOS:
No, they were not / werent.
Affirmative: That was a broom. That was a tree. That was a desk. Those were bees. Those were apples. Those were chairs.
Negative: That was not a broom. That was not a tree. That was not a desk. Those werent bees. Those werent apples. Those werent chairs.
Question: Was that a broom? Was that a tree? Was that a desk?
Answers: Yes, it was. No, it wasnt. Yes, it was. No, it wasnt. Yes, it was. No, it wasnt.
Were those bees? Yes, they were. No, they werent. Were those apples? Yes, they were. No, they werent. Were those chairs? Yes, they were. No, they werent.
These formulas may be useful when answering the following exercises: Estas formulas pueden ser tiles cuando contestes los siguientes ejercicios:
PRESENT TENSE
SINGULAR + SINGULAR PLURAL + PLURAL
PRESENT TENSE
SINGULAR + NOUN + SINGULAR PLURAL + NOUN + PLURAL
this this
+ +
is was
these + are
PLURAL + PLURAL
this + table + is
SINGULAR + NOUN + SINGULAR
this + tables + are

PLURAL + NOUN + PLURAL
PAST TENSE
SINGULAR + SINGULAR
PAST TENSE
these + were
this + table + was
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5.6
NEGATIVE AND QUESTION FORMS
FORFORMAS NEGATIVAS Y PREGUNTAS
EXERCISE 8: THE USE OF: THIS AND THAT IN THE PAST Directions: Translate the following sentences to Spanish. Change them to the past time. Translate them again. Convert them to their negative form. Change them to questions and give short answers.
EXERCISE 8: EL USO DE: THIS Y THAT EN EL PASADO Direcciones: Tranduce los siguientes enunciados al Espaol. Cambialos al tiempo pasado. Traducelos otra vez. Convirtelos a la forma negativa. Cambialos a preguntas y da las respuestas cortas.
1. This is a new project. Spanish: ____Este es un proyecto nuevo_______ Past: _____This was a new project__________ Spanish: ___Este era (o fue) un proyecto nuevo_ Negative: __This wasnt a new project________ Question: __Was this a new project? _________ Answers: __Yes, it was___ __No, it wasnt__ 2. That light is broken. Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________ Past: _____________________________________________________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ Negative: __________________________________________________________________ Question: __________________________________________________________________ Answers: _________________________ 3. This car is old. Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________ Past: _____________________________________________________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ Negative: __________________________________________________________________ Question: __________________________________________________________________ Answers: _________________________ 4. That woman is tall. Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________ Past: _____________________________________________________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ Negative: __________________________________________________________________ Question: __________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________
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5. Those cars are playing races. Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________ Past: _____________________________________________________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ Negative: __________________________________________________________________ Question: __________________________________________________________________ Answers: _________________________ 6. These photos are clear. Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________ Past: _____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ Negative: __________________________________________________________________ Question: __________________________________________________________________ Answers: _________________________ 7. Thats a nice ring. Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________ Past: _____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ Negative: __________________________________________________________________ Question: __________________________________________________________________ Answers: _________________________ 8. This is your book. Spanish: ____________________________________________________________________ Past: _____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________ Negative: __________________________________________________________________ Question: __________________________________________________________________ Answers: _________________________ ______________________________________
END OF LESSON 5
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Lesson 6
The Existance of Things: There is/There are
6.1 THE USE OF: THERE IS AND THERE ARE EL USO DE HAY (SINGULAR Y PLURAL) The meaning of There is in Spanish is: Hay (de haber en singular) As in this and that, the verb to be is used with there in present and past.
Como en this y that, el verbo to be se usa con there en presente y pasado. SINGULAR FORM
SINGULAR SINGULAR VERB SINGULARE ARTICLE COMPLEMENT - SINGULAR NOUN AND ADJECTIVES
There
is
+ a / an / one / 1
nice house for sale at the corner of the street.

ADJ N
There is a nice house for sale at the corner. There is a chair you can use to sit down. There is one bread on the table. There is a blue car outside the house. Is it yours? There is a computer left for this project. There is an old woman crossing the street. There is an orange box with new scissors.
Hay una casa bonita en venta en la esquina. Hay una silla que puedes usar para sentarte. Hay un pan en la mesa. Hay un carro azul en frente de la casa. Es tuyo? Hay una computadora sobrante para ste proyecto. Hay una ancianita cruzando la calle. Hay una caja anaranjada con tijeras.
PLURAL FORM
PLURAL PLURAL VERB PLURAL PARTICLE COMPLEMENT - PLURAL NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES
There
are
two-five-some many a lot of *
cars radios desks TVs houses apples oranges etc.
There are some nice houses for sale at the corner. There are many chairs you can use to sit down. There are candies on the table. There are blue cars in the Lincoln showroom. There are a lot of computers left for this project. There are many people crossing the street. There are some bananas and apples in this basket.
* means = nothing
Hay algunas casas bonitas en venta en la esquina. Hay muchas sillas que puedes usar para sentarte. Hay dulces en la mesa. Hay carros azules en la sala de exibicin de Lincoln Quedan muchas computadoras para ste proyecto. Hay muchos ancianitos cruzando la calle. Hay algunos pltanos y manzanas en esta canasta.
El cero significa que nada va en el espacio Professor, Jos Vrtiz H.
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THE NEGATIVE FORM
ORACIONES NEGATIVAS
The negative form is created by placing the negation not/no after the auxiliary. Most of the time, the word any is used after the negation not in plural. In this case, the auxiliary verb be will be used.
La forma negative es creada colocando la negacin not/no en seguida del auxiliar. La mayora del tiempo, la palabra any es usada despus de la negacin not en plural. En ste caso, el verbo auxiliar to be sera usado.
The word no is commonly used for negative sentences in informal speech. The word no is used after the verb. Negations not and no are not supposed to be used together.
La palabra no es comunmente usada para oraciones negativas en habla informal. La palabra no se usa despu del verbo. Las negaciones not y no nunca van juntas.
PLURAL PLURAL VERB NEGATION PLURAL PARTICLE COMPLEMENT - PLURAL NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES
There + is/are/was/were + not + a/an/one/two/five + some/many/a lot of + There arent any nice houses for sale. There isnt any more sugar for the coffee. There is no more bread on the table. There arent any DVDs for sale in Best Buy. There are no more items for this meeting. There arent any chairs or tables for that room. There arent pictures in this album. There isnt a chair that match our table. Singular Es Era Hay (singular) No hay (singular) Haba (singular) No haba (singular) is was there is there is not there was there was not
cars / radios / desks / TVs houses / apples / oranges / etc.
No hay casas bonitas en venta. Ya no hay (no hay ms) azucar para el caf. Ya no hay pan en la mesa. No hay ni un DVD en venta in BestBuy. No hay ms artculos para esta junta. No hay ninguna silla o mesas para esa sala. No hay fotos en este album. No hay una silla que combine con nuestra mesa. Plural are were there are there are not there were there were not son eran Hay (plural) No hay (plural) Habia (plural) No habia (plural)
EXERCISE 1: THERE IS THERE ARE Instructions: Write in the blanks there is or there are. Translate the sentences to Spanish and write them in their negative form.
EXERCISE 1: THERE IS THERE ARE Instrucciones: Escribe en los espacios there is o there are. Traduce los enunciados al Espaol y escrbelos en su forma negaativa.
1. There is a spot on that wall. Spanish: Hay una mancha en esa pared. Negative: There isnt a spot on that wall.
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2. ________________________ an orange on the table. Spanish: Negative: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
3. ________________________ different models of houses in this neighborhood. Spanish: Negative: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
4. In my back yard ________________________ a cat and a dog. Spanish: Negative: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
5. In the conference room ________________________ two tables and twenty chairs. Spanish: Negative: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
6. ___________________________ only one store in this ranch. Spanish: Negative: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
7. ___________________________ five different kinds of schools that you can go. Spanish: Negative: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
8. ___________________________ two coins in the little box. Spanish: Negative: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
9. ___________________________ a good book in the shelf. Spanish: Negative: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
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6.2
THE QUESTION AND ANSWER FORMS
PREGUNTAS Y RESPUESTAS
Examples of questions and answers: (singular and plural). Is there a good movie on TV right now? Are there good shows at the movies? Is there a chair in the other room? Are there some tools I can use? Is there a video camera in that store? Yes, there is. Yes, there are. Yes, there is one. Yes, there are some. Yes, there is one. No, there isnt. No, there arent No, there isnt any. No, there arent any. No, there isnt any.
EXERCISE 2: THERE IS THERE ARE Instructions: Write in the blanks there is or there are as questions and give the short answers.
EXERCISE 2. THERE IS THERE ARE Instrucciones: Escribe en los espacios there is o there are como preguntas y da las respuestas cortas.
1. _______Is there_________________ a picture on the wall? Answers: ___Yes, there is___________ _______No, there is not________________
2. ________________________ an orange on that table? Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________
3. ________________________ different models of houses? Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________
4. ________________________ a cat and a dog in my back yard? Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________
5. ________________________ two tables and twenty chairs in the conference room? Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________
6. __________________ a nice car in front of your house? Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________
7. _______________________ two computers on sale in CompUSA store? Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________
8. _______________________ a nice movie at the movie theatre? Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________
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9. _______________________ a coat for me in this house? Im cold. Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________
10. _______________________ enough drinks for party tonight? Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________
11. _______________________ a problem with these papers? Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________
12. _______________________ a red chair in this conference-room? Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________
13. _______________________ two boards in this room? Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________
14. _______________________ six hundred employees in this company? Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________
15. _______________________ a train to Portland? Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________
16. _______________________ a plane to Cancun for this afternoon? Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________
17. _______________________ five, or six sizes of bowls? Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________
18. _______________________ good shoes at the shoe store? Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________
19. _______________________ a change to win the game? Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________
20. _______________________ any new bags in the warehouse? Answers: ________________________ _____________________________________
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6.3
THE PAST TENSE: THERE WAS and THERE WERE You write was / were to make sentence in past. Se escribe was / were para hacer oraciones en pasado. Verb to be There was There were haba past time (singular) haba past time (plural)
In a) and b), the verb is in the past time singular, and negative forms. In c) and d), the verb is the past time plural, and negative, forms. a) b) c) d) There was a present for you in the livingroom. There wasnt a present for you in the livingroom. There were some presents for you in the livingroom. There werent any presents for you in the livingroom. Singular Habia (de existencia) singular there was Plural there were Habia (de existencia) plural
The verb to be in past Examples with affirmative and negative. Ejemplos con afirmativo y negativo. Affirmative There was a nice office upstairs. There were some nice offices upstairs. There were 2 opinions about the solution. There was one solution to the problem. 6.4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Examples with questions and answers: (singular and plural). Ejemplos con preguntas y respuestas (singular y plural) Were there good movies on TV? Was there a good movie on TV? Was there an apple left in the bowl? Were there 2 reports on your desk? Were there any tables in cafeteria? Were there any chairs in that room? Was there any sugar for the coffee? Yes, there were. Yes, there was. Yes, there was. Yes, there were. Yes, there were. Yes, there were. Yes, there was. No, there werent. No, there wasnt. No, there was not. No, there were not. No, there werent. No, there werent. No, there was not. Negative There wasnt a nice office upstairs. There werent any nice offices upstairs. There werent 3 opinions about the solution. There wasnt a solution to the problem.
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EXERCISES 3: THERE WAS AND THERE WERE. Directions: Translate the sentences to Spanish. Change them to the past tense and translate them again. Write them in their negative form. Also write them in questions and give answers.
EXERCISES 3: THERE WAS AND THERE WERE. Directions: Traduce las oraciones al Espaol. Cambialas al tiempo pasado y tradcelas otra vez. Escribelas a la forma negativa. Escribelas en preguntas y respuestas.
1. There is a car in front of your house. Spanish: Hay un carro en frente de tu casa. Past tense: There was a car in front of your house. Spanish: Habia un carro en frente de tu casa. Negative: There wasnt a car in front of your house. Question: Was there a car in front of your house? Answers: Yes, there was. No, there wasnt. 2. There are new TV shows on weekends. Past tense: Spanish: Negative: Question: Answers: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ______________________ ____________________________________
3. There is a child playing football in the field. Past tense: Spanish: Negative: Question: Answers: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ______________________ ____________________________________
4. There are two answers for this question. Past tense: Spanish: Negative: Question: Answers: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ______________________ ____________________________________
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5. There is an easy way to answer this book. Past tense: Spanish: Negative: Question: Answers: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ______________________ ____________________________________
6. There are three apple trees for sale. Past tense: Spanish: Negative: Question: Answers: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ______________________ ____________________________________
7. There is a black mark on my notebook. Past tense: Spanish: Negative: Question: Answers: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ______________________ ____________________________________
8. There are three error in your examination. Past tense: Spanish: Negative: Question: Answers: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ______________________ ____________________________________
END OF LESSON 6
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Lesson 7
Adjectives & Nouns
7.1 USING ADJECTIVES TO DESCRIBE NOUNS
USANDO ADJETIVOS PARA DERCRIBIR SUSTANTIVOS
(a) Las palabras que describen sustantivos se llaman adjetivos. En (a): "good" es un adjetivo pero algunas veces es usado como adverbio cuando se usa despus del verbo to be. Describe (califica) a la parabra (noun) book. Describe que clase de libro es. (b)(c)(d) Decimos que los adjetivos modifican a los nombres (sustantivos). Modificar significa un pequeo cambio. Un adjetivo cambia el singificado de un sustantivo, dando ms informacin acerca de l. (e) Los adjetivos no son ni singular ni plural. Ellos NO TIENEN la forma plural. Vea el ejemplo e). (f)(g)(h) Los adjetivos usualmente se colocan inmediatamente antes del nombre (sustantivo), como se indica en f). Los adjetivos pueden tambien estar en seguida del verbo principal be, como en g) y h).
Note: Adjectives must be always written before the noun except for the verb to be. In this case the adjective comes after the verb to be as in the second example, but they are AND NEVER in plural. Nota: Los adjetivos siempre deben escribirse antes del sustantivo excepto por el verbo to be. En este caso el adjetivo va en seguida del verbo to be, pero NUNCA en plural.
Adj N Adj N
Examples:
Thats a tall tree.

Adj Adj N
Thats a glass door.

Adj Adj N
Thats a tall and wide tree.
Thats a nice blue door.
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EXERCISE 1: Adjectives. Instructions: Underline and identify adjectives (ADJ) in the sentences. Translate the sentences to Spanish.
EXERCISE 1: Adjectivos. Instrucciones: Subraya e identifica los adjectivos (ADJ) en las oraciones. Tradcelas a Espaol
ADJ
1. The students wrote long compositions. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 2. Deserts are dry. Spanish: _________________________________ 3. Crocodiles have big teeth. Spanish: _________________________________ 4. Knives are sharp. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 5. Dark places frighten small children. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 6. The audience laughed at the funny joke. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 7. Sensible people wear comfortable shoes. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 8. Steve cleaned the refrigerator with soapy water. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 9. The local police searched the car for illegal drugs. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 10. Before the development of agriculture, primitive people gathered wild plants for food. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 11. Old people walk slower than when they were young people. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________
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12. Young people can run fast. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 13. Samantha wants to buy a small car for college. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 14. Get the blue suit instead of the green one. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 15. Its cold outside. Bring your big blue coat. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 16. Lets go swimming. Bring your red and nice bathing suit. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 17. We have a big problem with the car. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 18. We bought three red sweaters Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 19. Yesterday, Narciso couldnt stop at the stop sign, so he got a ticket and paid a fine. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 20. In the future, he will be careful with the stop signs and with traffic lights. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 21. My family has a big house. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 22. That house has a big vegetable garden in the backyard. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 23. Juanito, put these sandwiches in your backpack. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 24. Mercie is going to the grocery store to buy milk, bread, eggs, and some ham. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________
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EXERCISE 2: Adjectives. Instructions: Make sentences, using TWO adjectives. Choose two out of the three adjectives from each item and translate the created sentences to Spanish.
EXERCISE 2: Adjectivos. Instrucciones: Construye oraciones, usando DOS adjetivos. Escoge dos de los tres adjetivos de cada artculo y traduce los enunciados creados al Espaol.
1. Roses are flowers. Las rosas son flores. 2. Rain fell from the clouds.
(Beautiful, safe, red)
Red roses are beautiful flowers. Rosas rojas son flores hermosas. (Dark, cold, dry)
Created: __________________________________________________________________ Spanish: __________________________________________________________________ 3. The waiter poured coffee into my cup. (Empty, wet, hot)
Created: __________________________________________________________________ Spanish: __________________________________________________________________ 4. The girl in the dress was looking for a telephone. (Easy, blue, young)
Created: __________________________________________________________________ Spanish: __________________________________________________________________ 5. Annie sleeps on a bed in a room. (Quiet, sharp, soft)
Created: __________________________________________________________________ Spanish: __________________________________________________________________ 6. Mrs. Fox gave the children some fruit. (Fresh, clean, hungry)
Created: __________________________________________________________________ Spanish: __________________________________________________________________ 7. When Tom was getting a haircut, the barber accidentally cut Toms ear with the scissors. (square, unexperienced, right) Created: __________________________________________________________________ Spanish: __________________________________________________________________ 8. Michelle dresses her babies vith shirts and pants. (blue, meat, white) Created: __________________________________________________________________ Spanish: __________________________________________________________________
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EXERCISE 3: Adjectives and nouns. Instructions: Dont look at Part II bellow. First, write the words asked for in Part I. dont use the same word twice. Then turn the page and use the words you used in this page, on the blanks of Part II.
EXERCISE 3: Adjectivos y sustantivos (nombres). Instrucciones: No vea Part II abajo. Primero escribe las palabras que se piden en Parte I. No uses la misma palabra dos veces. Luego escribe las palabras que escribste, cada una deacuerdo al numero en la historia de la parte II.
1. An adjective _____________________ 2. A name _________________________ 3. A plural noun ____________________ 4. A plural noun ____________________ 5. A singular noun __________________
6. An adjective ______________________ 7. An adjective ______________________ 8. A preposition of place ______________ 9. An adjective _____________________ 10. A plural noun ___________________
PART II. Write the words on your list in the blanks. Some of your completions might be a little old and funny. Read your completed passage aloud to the rest of the class. One day, a/an ______________ girl was walking in the city. Her name was _______________.
1 2
She was carrying a package for her grandmother. It contained some _________________________,
3
some ______________________, and a/an ___________________________, among other things.

4 5
As she was walking down the street, a/an ____________________ thief stole her package. The
6
_______________________ girl pulled out her cell phone and called the police, who caught the thief
7
_______________________ a nearby building and returned her package to her. She took it
8
immediately to her ________________________ grandmother, who was glad to get the package.
9
because she really needed some new ________________________________.

10
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7.2
USING NOUNS AS ADJECTIVES Sometimes words that are frequently used as nouns are also used as adjectives. For example, flower is usually a noun, but in a) it is used as an adjective to modify garden. When a noun is used as an adjective, it is in singular form, NOT PLURAL.
Algunas palabras que son frecuentemente usadas como sustantivos pueden ser usadas como adjetivos tambien. Por ejemplo, flower (flor) es generalmente un sustantivo, pero en a) es usada como adjetivo para describir garden (jardn). Cunado un sustantivo es usado como adjetivo, se usa en la forma singular, NUNCA EN PLURAL.
Some compound nouns are written together as in g). shoelaces Algunos adjetivos son escritos juntos como en g). a) I have a flower garden. b) The shoe store also sells socks. c) INCORRECT: a flowers garden. d) INCORRECT: the shoes store. e) I need to go to work right now. Where are my car keys? f) Leave the house keys in the plant in front of the window. g) Carlitos, I told you to tie your shoelaces. h) I put all the files you gave me in the file cabinet.
EXERCISE 4: Using nouns as adjectives. Instructions: Underline and identify the nouns (N). Use the noun in the first sentence as an adjective and write a second sentence. You can star with It/Hhe/She is They/We/You areWhatever applies. Also write them in Spanish.
EXERCISE 4: Usando nombres y adjetivos. Instrucciones: Subraya e identifica los sustantivos con N. Usa el sustantivo del primer enunciado y escribe una segunda oracion. Puedes empezar con: It/He/She is They/We/You are Lo que aplique. Tambien escribelas en Espaol.
N N ADJ N
1. This book is about grammar. 2. My garden has vegetables.
Second sentence: It is a grammar book. Second: It is a ____________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________________________ 3. The program is on television. Second: It is a ____________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________________________ 4. The soup has onions. Second: It is an ___________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________________________ 5. I read a lot of articles in the newspaper. Second: They are __________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________________________ 6. This factory makes a lot of automobiles. Second: It is an ___________________________ Spanish: ___________________________________________________ 7. The lesson concerned history. Second: It is a ____________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________________________ 8. My professor teaches English. Second: He is an __________________________
Spanish: ___________________________________________________
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IMPORTANT NOTE: Most of the time, when a sentence begins with a common noun (not an official proper noun), it is supposed to be in plural form and the verb is in its original base form. NOTA IMPORTANTE: La mayora del tiempo, cuando un enunciado comienza con un nombre (sustantivo) comn (no un nombre propio-oficial), se supone que debe estar en su forma plural y el verbo est en la forma base (plural-original.)
EXERCISE 5: Review: Fixing plural nouns. Instructions: These sentences contain many mistakes in noun usage. Find the noun. Make the nouns PLURAL whenever possible and appropriate. Do not change any other words (verbs). Translate them.
EJERCICIO 5: Repaso: Corrigiendo sustantivos plurales. Instrucciones: Estos enunciados contienen muchos errores en el uso de sustantivos. Encuentra los sustantivos y conviertelos en plural cuando sea posible y apropiado. No cambies los verbos. Traduce los enunciados.
-S -S
1. Bird are interesting animal. Spanish: Las aves son animales interesantes. 2. There are around 8,600 kind of bird.
Birds are interesting animals.
Fixed sentence: __________________________________ Spanish: _______________________________________ 3. Bird hatch from egg. Baby bird stay in their nest for several week or month. Their parent feed them until they can fly. Fixed sentence: __________________________________ Spanish: ________________________________________ 4. People eat chicken egg. Some animal eat bird egg. Fixed sentence: _________________________________________________________________ Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 5. Fox and snake are natural enemy of bird. They eat bird and their egg. Fixed sentence: _________________________________________________________________ Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 6. Some bird eat only seed and plant. Other bird eat mainly insect and earthworm. Fixed sentence: _________________________________________________________________ Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________
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7. Weed are unwanted plant. They prevent farm crop or garden flower from growing properly. Bird help farmer by eating weed seed and harmful insect. Fixed sentence: ___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Spanish: _________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Rat, rabbit, and mouse can cause huge loss on farm by eating stored crop. Certain big bird like hawk help farmer by hunting these animal. Fixed sentence: ___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Spanish: _________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 9. The feather of certain kind of bird are used in pillow and mattress. The soft feather from goose are often used for pillow and quilt. Goose feather are also used in winter jacket. Fixed sentence: ___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Spanish: _________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 10. The wing feather from goose were used as pen from the sixth century to the nineteenth century, when steel pen were invented. Fixed sentence: __________________________________
______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________
Spanish: _______________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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EXERCISE 6: Review: Nouns. Instructions Part I: Find the nouns and underline them. Make them plural when necessary. After fixing the nouns, write the story below with the correct plural nouns in a separate paper and translation it.
EXERCISE 6: Repaso de los sustantivos Instrucciones: Encuentra los sustantivos y subrayalos. Convirtelos en plural cuando sea necesario. Despus de arreglar los sustantivos, escribe la historia abajo o en otro papel y traduce la historia.
Whale look like fish, but they arent fish. They are mammal. Mouse, tiger, and human being are other example of mammal. Whale are intelligent animal like dog and chimpanzee. Even though they live in sea, ocean, and river, whale are not fish. Fish lay egg and do not feed their offspring. Mammal give birth to live to their offspring and feed them. There are many kind of whale. Most whale are huge creature. The largest whale are called Blue Whale. They can grow up to 100 foot (30 meter) in length and can weigh up to 150 ton (135,000 kilogram). Blue whale are much larger than elephant and larger than any of the now extinct dinosaur. The heart of an adult blue whale is about the size of a compact car. Its main blood vessel, the aorta, is large enough for a person to crawl through.
Human being have hunted and killed whale since ancient times. Aside from people, whale have no natural enemy. Today many people are trying to stop the hunting of whale. Instructions Part II: Write the story in the correct form. Escribe en seguida, la historia en la forma correcta.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________
Instructions Part III: Write the story in Spanish on another piece of paper. Escribe la historia en Espaol en otra hoja de papel.
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Adjectives modify nouns.
7.3
MORE ADJECTIVES
You can modify a noun by using adjectives related with size, color, type, kind, and form. Note: Adjectives must be always written before the noun AND NEVER in plural.
EXAMPLES
Adj N Adj N
Thats a tall tree.

Adj Adj N
Thats a glass door.

Adj Adj N
One sentence can have one or more than one adjective. Thats a tall and wide tree.
COMMON ADJECTIVES AND THEIR OPPOSITES ADJECTIVIOS COMUNES Y SUS OPUESTOS
Thats a nice blue door.

OTHER ADJECTIVES NATIONALITIES
Beautiful-ugly Big-little Big-small Large- small Clean-dirty Cold-hot Dangerous-safe Dry-wet Easy-difficult High-low
good-bad happy-sad sour-sweet cheap-expensive long-short old-new old-young poor-rich easy-hard up-down
angry bright free busy delicious favorite fresh honest hungry brave
important intelligent nice interesting kind nervous ripe serious wonderful soft
American Canadian Chinese Italian Brazilian Japanese Indonesian Saudi Arabian South African Puerto Rican
Mexican Egyptian Korean French English European Australian Indian British Malaysian
EXERCISE 7: Adjectives and nouns. Directions: Write the adjectives and nouns in parenthesis in their correct form.
EJERCICIO 7: Adjetivos y sustantivos Instrucciones: Escribe los adjetivos y sustantivos que estn en los parenthesis en su forma correcta.
1. I have a ___big and green tree_________ in front of my house. (Big, tree, green) Spanish: Yo tengo un rbol grande y verde en my casa. 2. This is a ______________________ (dress, beautiful). Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 3. I bought a ______________________ (blue, car). Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 4. My sister has two ___________________ (pets, small) in her house. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 5. That ________________ (tree, big) gives us a nice shadow. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________
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6. I just bought a ______________________________ (house new). Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 7. I have a ______________________________ (small computer). Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 8. My son has a ______________________________ (computer, big). Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 9. I bought two (nice, toys, very) ___________________________ for my grandson. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 10. Carmen got _____________________ (grades, good) from school. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 11. Mrs. Ramirez is an (teacher efficient) _______________________________________. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 12. Thats a (big, truck) _____________________________________. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 13. Please give me the (keys, car) ________________________. Im going to the store. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 14. The TV is (big, nice) ___________________________. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 15. Marcy drives an (Van, old) _______________________. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 16. My daughter likes (music, country) __________________________. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 17. We go to the (city museum) __________________________every month. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________
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7.4
MODIFIERS GOOD AND WELL Good is an adjective and most of the time modifies a noun. Well is usually used as an adverb and modifies a verb. Well is occasionally used as an adjective after sickness. It is used when it means to be in good health. Good es un adjetivo y la mayor parte del tiempo modifica al sustantivo. Well es usualmente usado como adverbio y modifica al verbo. Well es ocasionalmente usado como adjetivo hablando de enfermedad. Es usado para significar estar en buena salud. Examples: She is a good worker. You work well. He is a good cook. She cooks well. Mike was sick yesterday, but today he is well.
EXERCISE 8: GOOD AND WELL Directions: Write the adjectives in their correct form.
EJERCICIO 8: GOOD AND WELL Direcciones: Escribe los adjetivos en su forma correcta.
1. She plays the piano _______________________. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 2. He is a _________________________ student. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 3. This pen does not work ___________________. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 4. These exercises are ___________________ for us. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 5. I was sick for a few days, but now I am ____________. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 6. This new pen writes ____________________. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 7. It is really a very __________________ pen. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 8. We congratulate him for his ____________________ work. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________
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9. Ray plays tennis _________________________. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 10. Her husband is also a ______________________ tennis player. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 11. She speaks English _____________________. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 12. You are a _________________________ nurse. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 13. Dave dances real ___________________________. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 14. His sister is also a ____________________ dancer. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 15. They are _______________________ cooks. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 16. He works on computers. He does a __________________ job. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 17. I like the guitar. I play it pretty ____________________. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 18. She is a _________________ person. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 19. When we eat outdoors, we usually go to La Cabaa. They cook real _______________. So they serve _______________ food. Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________ 20. The food in La Cabaa restaurant is _______________ Spanish: ______________________________________________________________________
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7.5
MODIFIERS WITH: ly Adverbs modify verbs: We can form many adverbs by adding ly to an adjective. Los adverbios modifican a los verbos. Podemos formar muchos adverbios agregando ly al adjetivo. When a Word ends in y, you change the y for the i before adding ly. Cuando una palabra termina en y, cambias la y por la i antes de agregar ly. soft softly easy easily quick quickly slow slowly rapid rapidly prompt promptly
Notice the difference between an adjective and an adverb. Date cuenta de la diferencia entre un adjetivo y un adverbio. a) Joe is a slow driver. (adj) b) He drives very slowly. (adv) c) Pedro and Jimmy work very fast. (adj) d) They do their job rapidly. (adv)
There are some verbs that can be used as adjectives and adverbs when they are modified. Hay algunos verbos que pueden ser usados como adjetivos y adverbios cuando son modificados. care careful carefully success successful successfully
We can use a few words like fast, hard, late, and low as either adjectives or adverbs without any changes in its form. The adverbs come after the verbs. Podemos usar algunas palabras como fast, hard, late, y low como adjetivos o adverbios sin ningn cambio en su escritura. Los adverbios van antes despus del verbo. EXERCISE 9: MODIFIERS: -FUL, -LY, -GOOD, -WELL. Directions: Work on the following sentences supplying the modifier adjective- adverb in parenthesis. Do the modifications with: full or ly or both when necessary. Also use good/well when necessary and translate them to Spanish.
EJERCICIO 9: MODIFICAADORES: -FUL, -LY, -GOOD, -WELL. Direcciones: Trabaja en los siguientes enunciados proveyendo el adjetivo-adverbio modificador en parenthesis. As las modificaciones con full o ly. Tambim usa good/well cuando sea necesario y tradcelas al Espaol.
1. She is a (care) _careful_ student. Spanish: Ella es una estudiante cuidadosa. 2. She always does her homework (care) __________________. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________ 3. The baseball player hits the ball ____________________ (hard). Spanish: ___________________________________________________________
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4. You should drive ___________________ (slow) along this dangerous road. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________ 5. The Lakers basketball players play ____________________ (good/well). Spanish: ___________________________________________________________ 6. The Lakers are ________________________basketball players (good/well). Spanish: ___________________________________________________________ 7. Teresa thinks that this lesson isnt __________________________ (easy). Spanish: ___________________________________________________________ 8. Her brother is l`earning his lesson ____________________ (rapid). Spanish: ___________________________________________________________ 9. Mr. Gonzalez has a _______________________ (permanent) visa. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________ 10. He hopes to remain in this country ____________________ (permanent). Spanish: ___________________________________________________________ 11. I can do all of these grammar exercises __________________________ (easy). Spanish: ___________________________________________________________ 12. Tania is a __________________________ (success) woman. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________ 13. I __________________________ (hard) understand these questions. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________ 14. These exercises are __________________________ (difficult) to do. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________ 15. I ___________________ (hard) understand these lesson. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________
END OF LESSON 7
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Lesson 8
Possessive Nouns
POSSESSIVE NOUNS
Apostrophes have three functions: to form possessives, to allow contractions, and in a few contexts, to precede s in plurals. By far the most common of the three, however is to indicate possession. Apstrofes tienen tres funciones: para formar posesivos, permite abreviaturas, y en pocos contextos, para indicar plurals. Sin embargo, el ms comn de los tres es para indicar posesin. An apostrophe ( + an s ) are used with nouns to show possession. -s NOUN + ( s ) + PROPERTY Un apstrofe ( y una s ) son usados con nombres o sustantivos para mostrar posesin. -s The general rules for showing possessive with apostrophes follow this: Las reglas generales para mostrar posesin con apstrofes son las siguientes: 8.1 Possessive form for singular nouns without s SINGULAR: I know that students name. NOUN + ( s ) + PROPERTY I know that childs name.
The grammatical term for possession refers to such relationships as ownership, origin, and measurement Claudias house, the professors approval, weeks vacation. Some pronouns have special possessive forms: my/mine, your/yours, his, etc. El trmino gramatical para posesin refiere a una relacin, origen y medida Claudias house, the professors approval, weeks vacation. Algunos pronombres tienen una forma especial de posesin my/mine, your/yours, his, etc. Add s to most singular nouns and singular indefinite pronouns. Agrega s a la mayora de los sustantivos y pronombres singulars infinitivos. Doctor Everybody Someone Teacher The mechanic doctors diagnosis. everybodys responsibility. someones parking space. teachers instructions. the mechanics advice. 131
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Examples: When we went to the hospital the nurse gave us the diagnosis of the doctor. Possessive: When we went to the hospital the nurse gave us the doctors diagnosis. It is the responsibility of everybody to send the products on time and with the best quality to our customers. Possessive: It is everybodys responsibility to send the products on time and with the best quality to our customers. NOUNS + ( ) + PROPERTY
8.2
Possessive form for singular nouns ending with -s

SINGULAR:
Luis
I know Luis house.
Add only to singular proper nouns ending with s, but the ending sound is like -es. This rule also applies to nouns that dont end with s, but the ending sound is like s (e.g., else) Agrega solo a nombres propios singulars que finalizan en s, pero el sonido final es como es. Esta regla aplica tambin a los sustantivos que no terminan en s, pero el sonido final es como s (ejemplo, else - ols).
PRONUNCIATION
Jesus Moses Aristophanes Luis Carlos Possessive: Possessive:
Jesus teachings. Moses leadership. Aristophanes play. Luis cell phone. Carlos birthday.
(Jesses tichings) (Mseses lidership) (Aristfeneses plei) (Luses cel fon) (Carloses berdei)
The leadership of Moses was a good example to follow. Moses leadership was a good example to follow. The cell phone of Luis didnt have any air-time. Luis cell phone didnt have any air-time.
To other nouns ending with x and z, you add only the apostrophy and the final sound is es. A otros sustantivos que terminan en x y z, solo agregas el apostrophe y tambin el sonido final es es.
EXAMPLES WITH PRONUNCIATION
Felix boat (Flixes bout) El barco de Luis Luis game (Luises geim) El juego de Luis
Mr. Vertiz house (Mister Vrtizes haose) La casa del Seor Vrtiz Jesus store (Jesuses stor) La tienda de Jesus
Jesus Mount Sermon (Llseses Mont Srmon) El Sermn del Monte de Jesucristo
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8.3
Possessive form for plural nouns without s
NOUNS + ( ) + PROPERTY
Add s to plural common nouns that do not end with s. Agrega -s a los nombres communes plurales que no finalizan en s. Oxen Children Bacteria Alumni Sheep Possessive: Possessive: oxens yoke childrens toys bacterias behavior alumnis invention sheeps pasture.
The farmer couldnt put the yoke of the oxen on the animals. The farmer couldnt put the oxens yoke on the animals. The toys of the children are in their closet. The childrens toys are in their closet.
8.4
Possessive form for plural nouns with s

PLURAL:
PLURAL NOUN + ( s ) + PROPERTY
Drivers.
The drivers permits are in my office.
Add to plural common nouns that end with -s. Agrega a nombres communes plurales que finalizan en s. Teachers Drivers Six months Trees Example: Possessive: Example: Possessive: Example: Possessive: teachers pay drivers training school six months pay trees roots.
Taylor school is the school for the drivers. Taylor school is the drivers school. The roots of the tree are above the groun. The trees roots are above the groun. The pay of the teachers is every other week. The teachers pay is every other week.
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8.5
Possessive form for phrases with one owner-one property
(NOUN + NOUN)s + PROPERTY
Add s or to the last name of a phrase only to indicate join possession. Agrega s o al ultimo nombre de una frase solo para indicar la misma posesin. Editor in chief Attorney general No one else. Possessive: Possessive: Possessive: editor in chiefs opinion. attorney generals decisions. No one elses business
The decision of the Attorney General sent Michael to prison. The Attorney Generals decision sent Michael to prison. This problem is the business of no one else, but ours This problem is no one elses business, but ours. The art of the children got the first place of all terms. The childrens art got the first place of all terms.
8.6
Possessive form for phrases with two or more owners same property NOUN + NOUNs + SAME PROPERTY OR NOUN + NOUN + NOUNs + SAME PROPERTY Add s or to the last name of two different names only to indicate join possession. Agrega s o al ultimo nombre de dos diferentes nombres solo para indicar la misma posesin. Lebanon and Syria Crick and Watson Juniors and misses Possessive: Possessive: Lebanon and Syrias disagreement. Crick and Watsons discovery. juniors and misses department.
The dorms of the boys and girls are in the fifth floor. The boys and girls dorms are the in the fifth floor. The politics of the city and the state are alike. The city and states politics are alike
8.7
Possessive form for phrases with different owners and different properties NOUNs + NOUNs + DIFFERENT PROPERTY OR NOUNs + NOUNs + NOUNs + PROPERTY Add s or to each name to indicate individual possession of more than one noun. Agrega s o al cada nombre de dos o ms diferentes nombres para indicar posesin individual The mayor and governor. The Falcons and Lakers. The city and state rules. Possessive: Possessive: The mayors and governors policies. The Falcons and Lakers schedules. The citys and states rules.
The policies of the mayor and the policies of the governor are different. The mayors and the governors policies are different. The schedules of the Lakers and the Bulls are on the board. The Lakers and the Bulls schedules are on the board
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EXERCISE 1: POSSESSIVE NOUNS Instructions: Change the sentences to their possessive form using the underlined phrases. Write them in Spanish. Example: The border guard checked the visa of every tourist. The border guard checked every tourists visa. 1. Spanish: Possessive: I like to drive the car of my wife.
________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 2. Last weekend, we went to the house of my sister.
Spanish: Possessive:
________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 3. I always loved the care of my mother.
Possessive: Spanish:
________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 4. The new shop specializes in games of children.
________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 5. The face of Medusa turned people to stone.
________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 6. The waterfront of San Francisco attracts many visitors.
________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 7. The weather can affect the emotions of anyone.
________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 8. He lost his pay of the whole week.
________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
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9. The seismograph measured the intensity of the earthquakes. Possessive: Spanish: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 10. People have always been fascinated by the love affair of Anthony and Cleopatra. Possessive: Spanish: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 11. The dressing rooms of the singers and dancers were beneath the stage. Possessive: Spanish: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 12. The press attacked the policy of the secretary of state. Possessive: Spanish: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 13. One of the discoveries of Archimedes was the principal of buoyancy. Possessive: Spanish: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 14. The book by James Fallows is about Japan. Possessive: Spanish: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 15. The landscape in Kansas is an expanse of the grass. Possessive: Spanish: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 16. The instructions of the teacher were that we have to study the whole chapter. Possessive: Spanish: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 17. You are not supposed to park your car on the parking spot of someone else. Possessive: Spanish: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
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18. My brother is driving the car that belongs to my father. Possessive: Spanish: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 19. Everybody likes to come to the museum of the city. Possessive: Spanish: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 20. Im working on the house of my uncle. Possessive: Spanish: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 21. The restaurant of Joe serves delicious food. Possessive: Spanish: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 22. The book of Yolanda is easy to carry. Possessive: Spanish: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 23. The office of Mark is big. Possessive: Spanish: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 24. You bought the house of your aunt for your Mom. Possessive: Spanish: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 25. I listen to Beatles nusic in the DVD player of my daughter. Possessive: Spanish: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
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EXERCISE 2: POSSESSIVE NOUNS Instructions: Use the correct possessive form of the noun to complete the sentences using the words that are at the beginning of each sentence. Also translate them to Spanish. 1. student One student asked several questions. I answered the students questions.
Spanish: __Un estudiante hizo varias preguntas. Yo repond a las preguntas del estudiante. ____ 2. students Many students had questions after the lecture. I answered _____________________.
Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ 3. daughter We have one daughter. Our _________________________ bedroom is near ours.
Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ 4. daughters We have two children, both girls. They share a bedroom. Our _________________ bedroom is near ours.
Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ 5. man. Robert is a _______________________ name.
Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ 6. woman Heidi is a ________________________ name.
Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ 7. men. Robert and Thomas are _____________________ names.
Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ 8. women Emily and Colette are ______________________ names.
Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ 9. people Its important to be sensitive to other ___________________________ feelings.
Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ 10. person I always look straight into a _______________________ eyes during a conversation.
Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ 11. earth The _____________________ surface is about seventy percent water.
Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________
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12. elephant
An ______________________ skin is gray and wrinkled.
Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ 13. teachers we have class in this building, but all of the _____________________ offices are in another building.
Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ 14. teacher My grammar ______________________ husband is an engineer.
Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ 15. Luis Did you do __________________ homework?
Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ 16. Chris Did you add __________________ name to the invitation list?
Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ 17. Mr. Ruiz Where is _______________________ office? Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ 18. Children Where did you leave the _______________________ toys?
Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ 19. enemy Two soldiers, each faceless and nameless to the other, fought to the death on the muddy river bank. At the end, the victor could not help but admire his______________ outrage. Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 20. enemies Through the years in a public office, he made many political enemies. He made a list of his ___________________ names so that he could get revenge when he achieved political power. Spanish: ________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________
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EXERCISE 3: POSSESSIVE NOUNS: ERROR ANALYSIS Instructions: These sentences have mistakes in the spelling of possessive nouns. Add apostrophes in the right place as necessary. Also translate them to Spanish. 1. A kings chair is called a throne. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. Kings chairs are called thrones. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. Babies toys are often brightly colored. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. Its important to make sure your babys toys are safe for babies to play with. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. Someone called, but because of the static on the phone, I couldnt understand the callers words. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Newspapers arent interested in yesterdays news. They want to report todays events. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Each flight has at least two pilots. The pilots seats are in a small area called the cockpit. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Rainforest cover five percent of the earths surface, but have fifty percent of the different species of plants. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Flies head is big compared to their body. Spanish: _________________________________________ 10. Spiders web is a piece of art. Spanish: _________________________________________
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11. A receptionists job is to write down callers names and take messages. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Mosquitoes wings move incredibly fast. Spanish: ______________________________________________ 13. A mosquitos wings move about one thousand times per second. Its wings movement is the sound we hear when a mosquito is humming in our ears. Spanish: ______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 14. Elephants like to roll in mud. The mud protects the animals skin from insects and the sun. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________
15. When we were walking in the woods. We saw an animals footprints on the muddy path. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 16. In the desert, I saw the vultures eating another animals food. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________________ 17. The other day, we went to the citys cathedral. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________________ 18. Next Saturday we are going to a states park. Spanish: ___________________________________________________________________________
END OF LESSON 8
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Lesson 9
PRONOUNS PREVIEW
9.1 PERSONAL / SUBJECT PRONOUNS AND OBJECT noun = sustantivo pronoun = pronombre
Noun is the name of all things (e.g., house, table, car, Jos, Susie, etc). Noun es el nombre de todas las cosas (ejemplo: casa, mesa, carro, Jos, Susie, etc.) Pronoun is the word that replaces a noun. Pronombre es la palabra que reemplaza al nombre.
Un pronoun (pronombre) y un noun (sustantivo) tienen el mismo significado. En (q): he tiene el mismo significado que Tony. En (r): him tiene el mismo significado que Tony. En la gramtica, decimos que un prombre se refiere a un nombre (sujeto). El pronombre he y him se refiere a Tony. Algunas veces un pronoun se refiere a noun phrases frases se sustantivos. En (s): it se refiere a toda la frase a red book un libro rojo.
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PERSONAL PRONOUNS SPANISH PERSONAL PRONOUNS SPANISH
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I You He She
yo tu (singular) el ella
It We You They
ese esa eso aquel aquella aquello nosotros (tu y yo ustedes y yo) ustedes (plural) ellos / ellas / esos / esas/ aquellos / aquellas
Personal pronouns can replace a noun (name) in a sentence. Personal pronouns can be at the beginning of a sentence as the subjet. They are called subject pronouns.
Los pronombres personales pueden reemplazar a un sustantivo (nombre) en un enunciado. Los pronombres personales pueden ir al principio de la oracion como el sujeto. Se llaman pronombres sujeto.
a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l) m) n)
I can run very fast. You can run very fast. You and I (we) can run very fast. We run around the block. She lives in Thousand Oaks, California. It is easy to claim a tree. The tree is tall. It is tall. We swim at the YMCA pool. You are responsible for the quality of our products. They expect the best quality. He (Jose Manuel) goes to the gym every evening. She (Mara) cooks and cleans the house. The printer (it) is slow. It is a slow printer. Sofia and Moncerrat (they) come to my class every Wednesday. They are good people. You and Angie (you-plural) are wise and review your lesson before the class.
EXERCISE 1: NOUNS Directions: Find each noun in the following sentences. Is the noun used as: The subject of the sentence? The object of the verb? The object of a preposition?
EJERCICIO 1: SUSTANTIVOS Instrucciones: Encuentra cada sustantivo en las siguientes oraciones. Es el sustantivo usado como: El sujeto de la oracin? El objeto del verbo? El objecto de una preposisin?
1. Bob and his wife like coffee with their breakfast. Noun = Bob, is used as the subject of the sentence Noun = wife is used as the subject of the sentence Noun = coffee is used as the object of the verb like Noun = breakfast is used as the object of the preposition with 2. Jack doesnt have a radio in his car. Jack is a noun, and it is used as the subject of the sentence. Noun Jack Nouin radio Noun car
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3. Monkeys and apes have thumbs. Noun Noun Noun 4. Scientists dont agree on the origin of the earth. Noun Noun Noun 5. Does Janet work in a large office? Noun Noun 6. Egypt has hot summers and mild winters. Noun Noun Noun 7. Many Vietnamese farmers live in small villages near their fields. Noun Noun Noun Noun 8. Large cities face many serious problems. Noun Noun 9. These problems include poverty, pollution, and crime. Noun Noun Noun Noun 10. An hour consists of sixty minutes. Does a day consist of 1440 minutes? Noun Noun Noun Noun
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9.2
OBJECTIVE PRONOUNS
An object pronoun can follow a preposition and / or a verb. The most common prepositions used with object pronouns are: to for at, with To me, with me, for me, near me,at me, etc. Tell him, give him, want her, like her, etc.
Un pronombre objetivo puede seguir a una preposision y/o un verbo. Las preposisiones ms comunes usadas con pronombres objetivos son: to for at, with To me, with me, for me, near me,at me, etc. Tell him, give him, want her, like her, etc. OBJECT/OBJECTIVE PRONOUNS:
me you him her It us them
= a m, de mi = a t, de ti = a l, de l = a ella, de ella = a eso, de eso = a nosotros, de = a ellos, de ellos
for me = para m for you = para t for him = oara l for her = para ella for it = para eso for us = para nosotros for them = para ellos
with me = conmigo with you = contigo with him = con l with her = con ella with it = con eso with us = con nosotros with them = con ellos
Guidelines for using pronouns following and: If the pronoun is used as part of the subject, use a subject pronoun. If it is part of the object, use an object pronoun.
Pauta (gua instructiva) para usar pronombres seguidos de and Si el pronombre es usado como parte del sujeto, usa un pronombre personal. Si es parte del objeto (complemento), usa un pronombre objetivo. INCORRECT:
Erick and me are good friends.
CORRECT:
Erick and I are good friends.
INCORRECT: Ann met Erick and I at the museum.
CORRECT: Ann met Erick and me at the museum.
EXERCISE 2: PRONOUNS Directions: Complete the sentences. Use the pronouns related to the nouns.
EJERCICIO 2: PRONOMBRES Instrucciones: Completa las oraciones. Usa los pronombre relacionados con el sustantivo.
1. Rita has a book. She bought it last week. 2. I know the new students, but Tony doesnt know _______ yet. 3. I wrote a letter, but I cant send _______ because I dont have a stamp. 4. Tom is in Canada. _______ is studying at a university. 5. Bill lives in my house. I eat breakfast with _______ every morning. 6. Ann is my neighbor. I talk to _______ every day. _______ and _______ have interesting conversations together. 7. I have two pictures on my bedroom wall. I like _______. _______ are beautiful.
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8. Ann and _______ have a dinner invitation. Mr. and Mrs. Brown want _______ to come to dinner at their house. 9. Trudy has a new car. _______ is a Toyota. 10. My husband and _______ have a new car. _______ got _______ last month. 11. A: Do you know Edith and Victor? B: Yes, _______ do. _______ live near _______. 12. Is the chemical formula for water H3O? B: No, _______ isnt. _______ is H2O. 13. Would Judy and you like to come to the movie with us? B: Yes, _______ would. Judy and _______ would enjoy going to the movie with _______. 14. Do Mr. and Mrs. Martinez live in the city? B: No, _______ dont. _______ live in the country. I visit _______ last month. 15. Do you know how to spell Mississippi? B: Sure I can spell _______. _______ is easy to spell. 16. Is Paul Cook in your class? B: Yes, _______ is.I sit nest to _______. 17. Abel and (Juan) _______ are going to go down town this afternoon. B: I dont think so, but thanks anyway. Chris and _______ are going to go to the library. _______ need to study for our test. 18. Do you and Charlie want to join me for dinner tonight at a Chinese restaurant? B: Charlie and _______ usually eat at home. _______ need to save money. A; _______ is not an expensive restaurant, and the food is really good. B: Okay. Can you meet Charlie and _______ there around six? A: Great! See you there, then.
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9.3
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS & POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES SPANISH POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS SPANISH
my your his her its our their
mi tu su su su su nuestro su
mine yours his hers its ours theirs
mo tuyo suyo de l de ella de ese(a)-de aquel(llo-lla) de nosotros de ellos (as)
Possessive adjectives come before the object as in a), b), c), d), and e). Possessive pronouns come after the object as in f), g), h), i), and j).
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
a) b) c) d) e)
Marissa is washing her car. Do you like my new house? We take our dinner together. Did you get your report card from school? Thats my computer.
f) That car is hers. g)This house is mine. h) This dinner is ours. i) Is this report card yours? j) That computer is mine.
EXERCISE 3: POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. Directions: Complete the following sentences with the possessive pronouns, which refers to the subject of the sentence. Also translate them to Spanish. 1. Michelle knows _____her________ lesson well. Spanish: Michelle conoce bien su leccin. 2. I also know (my, mine) ________________ lesson well. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 3. Socorro and Ray enjoy _________________ English classes very much. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 4. I do ______________ homework when Im riding the bus home everyday. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 5. Both girls are preparing ________________ luggage for the trip. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 6. Marina and I have __________________ own cars. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________
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7. Mr. William drives ________________ car to work. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 8. Grace writes a letter to _______________ aunt every day. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 9. The children take _______________ toys to the park every time we go. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 10. Im writing new words in ______________ notebook. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 11. We enjoy _______________ birthday parties. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 12. My secretary does ____________ job fast and well. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 13. I take __________________ medicine on time. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 14. Is this calculator (your, yours)_______________________? Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 15. That car belongs to Martha. That car is ________________. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 16. The computer is Carlos. The computer is ______________. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 17. These movies belong to Joe and Marisa. These movies are ______________. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________ 18. We bought this present for you. So, this present is __________________. Spanish: _______________________________________________________________________
End of Lesson 9
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VOCABULARY: AT THE SCHOOL

WORD SOUND MEANING IN SPANISH
Basketball court Bathroom Binder Blackboard Board (whiteboard) Book Bookcase Boys Class Classmate Classroom Desk Dorm Folder Girls Halls Homework Lab Lecture Library Marker Notebook Notes Page Papers Pen Pencil Playground Principal Principals office Professor Pupil Read Restroom School Sheet / leaf Soccer ball field Student Teacher Tutor Volleyball court Water fountain Write Writing Written
basketbol-cort batdrum bainder blakbord bord (juaitbord) buc bukeis bois class clasmeit clasrum desk dorm folder gerols hols homwork lab lekchur laibreri marker notbuc nots peich peipers pen pensol pleigraond principol principols ofis professor piupol ruid restrum scul shiitt / lif sakerbol fiold stiudent ticher turor volibol cort guarer-faontain ruait ruairing ruiten
cancha de balonsesto bao carpeta pizarrn (Negro) pizarrn (blanco) libro librero muchachos chicos nios clase compaero de clase saln de clases silla de trabajo escritorio apartamento para estudiantes porta-papeles muchachas chicas nias pasillos tarea laboratorio leccin ensear sermon conferencia biblioteca marcador cuaderno notas pgina papeles pluma bolgrafo lpiz jardn de juegos director de la escuela la direccin professor alumno leer bao sanitario escuela hoja hojear campo de futbol estudiante maestro maestro privado (personalizado) cancha de volibol bebedero escribir escribiendo escritura escrito 149
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VOCABULARY: AT WORK
Archive Bathroom Bench Boss Building CD Chair Company Computer Cubicle Desk Desktop Diskette DVD Engineer Facility Files File cabinet Fluorescent lamps Group leader Keyboard Dry marker Lamps Laptop Manager Mouse Notes Office Page Papers Part number Pen Pencil Permanent marker Plant Production floor Program Report Restroom Stand Superintendent Supervisor Typewriter Water marker Whiteboard
arcaiv batdrum bench boss bilding sidi cher compani compiurer ciubicol desk desktap disket dividi inllenir facility faiols faiol-cabinet florcent lamps group lirer kibord draimarker lamps laptap manaller maus nots ofis peich peipers part namber pen pensol permanent marker plant prode/ukshon-flor program riport restrum stend superintendent supervisor taiprairer guarermarker juaitbord
archivo archivar bao banca jefe edificio disco de compacto silla compaa computadora cubculo escritorio computadora de escritorio diskette disco de video digital ingeniero instalaciones compaa archivos archivero lmparas fluorecentes jefe de grupo teclado marcador para pizarrn blanco lmparas computadora porttil gerente ratn notas oficina pgina papeles nmero de parte pluma bolgrafo lpiz marcador de tinta permanente planta piso de produccin programa reporte bao sanitario banco posicin superintendente supervisor mqina de escribir marcador de agua pizarrn blanco 150
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VOCABULARY: AT HOME
Attic Backyard Bar soap Bathroom Bathroom sink Bed Bedroom Blender Bowl Brother Brush Hairbrush Cabinet Ceiling Chair Closet Clothes Coffee Coffee table Comb Cup Cushion Dad Daddy Daughter Dish Dish soap Dishwasher Dining-table Dining-room Door Electricity Electric heater Evaporative cooler Father Fork Front yard Garage Gas Gas heater Glass Glass-door Heater Hair drier Hair iron
aric bakiard barsoup batdroom batdrumsink bed bedrum blender boul brotder brash jerbrash cabinet siling cher closet clotds cofi cofi teibol comb cap cushon ded dedy dorer dish dishsoup dishguasher dainingteibol dainingrum dor electriciri electric jirer evaporeiriv culer fatder fork frontiard garash gas gasjirer glass glasdor jirer jerdraier jer-airon
tico patio trasero barra de jabn (jabn para baarse) bao lavabo del bao cama cuarto recmara licuadora tazn hermano cepillo cepillo para el cabello gabinete techo de adentro silla guarda-ropa ropero ropa caf para beber mesa de centro para la sala peine peinarse taza colchoneta cojn pap papi-papito hija traste jabn para trastes mquina lavatrastes mesa de comedor comedor puerta electricidad calentador de electricidad aire de agua (abanico-fuera de la casa) padre tenedor patio de en frente cochera gas calentador de gas vaso vidrio puerta de vidrio calentador, calefaccin, calentn secadora de cabello plancha para cabello 151
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airon aironteibol kitchen kitchen cabinets kitchen sink lait livingrum livingrumset nasterbedrum maicroguave oven mirror mixer matder mam mami oven pikchur pillow pleit quilt refrillireiror ruf rum scrindor shamp shiits shus sister sink spun san sup stul stov suitch teibol tispun televishon-Tiviset tutdbrash tutdpeist tivistand guol guashermachin guater guarerbed guarerfocet guarerjirer uindou
Iron Iron table Kitchen Kitchen cabinets Kitchen sink Light Living room Living room set Master bedroom Microwave oven Mirror Mixer Mother Mom Mommy Oven Picture Pillow Plate Quilt Refrigerator Roof Room Screen-door Shampoo Sheets Shoes Sister Sink Spoon Son Soup Stool Stove Switch Table Teaspoon Television TV set Toothbrush Toothpaste TV stand Wall Washer machine Water Waterbed Water faucet Water heater Window
plancha mesa de planchar cocina gabinetes para cocina cocineta lavatrastes luz sala juego de sala (muebles) recmara principal (grande) (para los padres) horno micro-hondas espejo batidora madre mama mamita-mamasita horno retrato foto fotografa cuadro almohada cojn plato colcha edredn refrigerador techo de arriba azotea cuarto sala puerta de tela de alambre champ jabn para el cabello sbanas zapatos hermana lavamanos cuchara hijo sopa caldo banco estufa interruptor mesa cuchara para t television cepillo de dientes pasta de dientes mesa de television pared lavadora agua cama de agua llave de agua grifo boiler ventana 152
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MORE VOCABULARY Word-phrase A special kind All along Another Blind Born Branch But Busy Contracted form Coordinator Do you buy candles? Do you drive a car? Do you eat meat? Do you go to the movie? Do you like strawberries? Do you play video games? Do you run in the afternoon? Do you work? Dry Female From Gum Hair How to cook eggs Into Its baby Keep Koala bear Like Male Pouch Other Right now Size Sleepy Special kind So hard Supervisor The right tools This means Underside Until Wad Warm Worm Sound a speshol caind ol along anot/der blaind born brench bat bici contrcted form coodineiror Du iu bai kendols Du iu draiv a car Du iu it mit Du iu gou tu td/a muvi Du iu laik stroberis Du iu plei vireo gueims Du iu ran in t/di afternun Du iu uork drai fimeol from gam jer jao tu cuk eggs intu its beibi kip koala ber laik meol paoch otder roait nao sais slipi speciol caind so jard supervaisor t/di rait tuls t/dis mins andersaid antiol uad uorm uerm
Spanish una clase especial desde el principio otro (a) ciego nacer rama de rbol sucursal pero ocupado (a) forma abreviada cordinador compras velas? manejas un carro? comes carne? vas al cine? te gustan las fresas? juegas con mquinas electrnicas? corres en las tardes? trabajas? seco secar hembra de desde goma - chicle enca pelo cabello como cocinar huevos dentro de su beb mantener guardar oso koala como gustar macho bolsa saco valija otro ahora mismo en ste momento tamao medida con sueo sooliento clase especial repeated on 1 muy fuerte muy duro muy difcil supervisor las herramientas correctas esto significa lado de abajo hasta loma lo dineral bolita caliente calientito tibio gusano 153
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MORE VOCABULARY
WORD PHRASE PRONUNCIATION MEANING IN SPANISH
After work After the class Before dinner Before lunch Beside me Bilingual Bring some groceries Bring your book But Check the spelling Close Close the window Close to Zaragoza Boulevard Everybody Fast Group leader In a few minutes Noon Lead Lead Leader Load Loud Loudly May be useful Most of the time Next semester Parentheses Slow Slowly Soon That The speaker uses These They can be followed by Things This Those What are you talking about? When When answering When you change sentences Where do you live? Where are you living? Write the following
after uork despus de trabajar (del trabajo) after t/da clas despus de la clase bifor dinner antes de la cena bifor lonch antes del almuerzo comida bisaid mi a un lado de m bailingol bilingue bring sam groceris trae algunos comestibles bring yur buk trae tu libro bat pero check t/di speling checa el deletreo clos cerrar cerca cercano clos t/da uindou cierra la ventana clos tu Zaragoza boulevard cerca del Boulevard Zaragoza evribari todos fast rpido firme seguro rpidamente grup-lider jefe de grupo in a fiu menets en unos minutos nun medio da led plomo lid llevar conducir dirigir guiar delantera lder / lirer gua director dirigente jefe caporal loud carga peso agobio cargar montar laud fuerte ruidoso escandaloso vulgar laodli /laori en voz alta fuertemente colores chillantes mei bi iusfol pueden ser de utilidad most of t/da taim la mayor parte del tiempo next semester el semester siguiente parent/desis parntesis slou lento despacio tardo retardar aminorar slouli despacio lentamente sun pronto rpido t/dat ese eso esa aquel (lla) que t/di spiker iuses el que habla usa t/dis estos (as) t/dei ken bi faloud bai pueden ser seguidos por t/dings cosas t/dis este (a) t/dous esos (as) aquellos (as) Juat ar iu tokng abaot de qu ests hablando gjuen cuando gjuen ensering cuando se contesta gjuen iu cheinch sentences cuando cambias oraciones gjuer du iu liv Dnde vives? gjuer ar iu living Dnde vives? Dnde ests viviendo? roait t/da falouing escribe lo (a)(s) siguiente (s)
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PRONUNCIATION
MORE VCABULARY
WORD PHRASE MEANING IN SPANISH
Actual Angle At Automobile Bar Beginners Behind Beside Blood Board Carpet Circle Deep Down Guy Ice Idea In Inside Identical Insurance Large Mad Meal Meat Medium Moon Nightmare Noon Rack Radio Ready Salt Sheet Sky Small Space Star Store Street Sugar Sun Tag Telephone Up Wall
akchuol engol at aoromobiol bar biginers bijaind bisaid blad bord carpet ci/ercol dip daon gai ais aidia in insaid aidenticol inshurens larch ma\ed mol mit miriam mun naigtmer nun rack redio rery solt shiit skai smol speis star stor strit shugar san tag tlefon ap uol
real, actual, de hecho, propiamente dicho ngulo en (lugar, la hora) automvil barra principiantes atrs - detrs a un lado al lado sangre pizarrn - tabla alformbra crculo hondo abajo muchacho, chavo, tipo hielo idea en dentro idntico seguro, aseguradora, aseguranza grande muy enojado (a), loco, demente comida carne mediano luna pesadilla medio da anaquel radio preparado (a), listo (a) sal hoja, sabana cielo chico - pequeo espacio estrella tienda calle azucar el sol etiqueta telfono arriba pared 155

WORD PHRASE PRONUNCIATION MEANING IN SPANISH
JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
afirmativ form enser aoxiliari aoxiliari verb beibisirer Cristmas tri caoni isi excersais ingenir Inglish evridei evrimorning fain ring glass of oranch llus gud navol japi chaiol moil negativ form ners pasitiv cuestion form simpol present smol Spanish sopapra strong cher taxi t/dat t/dats t/dis t/dis tubi merried tu old tu meni tu mach tu iong aniushuol ambrela uarerfol uind uork uorker uorking rong iong
Affirmative form Answer Auxiliary Auxiliary verb Baby-sitter Christmas tree County Hospital Easy exercise Engineer English Everyday Every morning Fine ring Glass of orange juice Good novel Happy child Meal Negative form Nurse Positive Question form Simple present Small Spanish Soap opera Strong chair Taxi That Thats This These To be married Too old Too many Too much Too young Unusual Umbrella Waterfall Wind Work Worker Working Wrong Young
forma afirmativa respuesta responder contestar auxiliar verbo auxiliar niera rbol de navidad hospital del condado ejercicio fcil ingeniero Ingls todos los das cada da cada maana todas las maanas anillo fino vaso de jugo de naranja. Buena novella nio (a) felz comida forma negativa efermero (a) positivo (a) forma de pregunta presente simple chico pequeo Espaol telenovela silla fuerte (maciza) taxi auto de transporte ese eso esa aquel aquello (a) ese es eso es aquello (a) es este esto (a) (singular) estos estas (plural) para ser / estar casado (a) demasiado viejo (a) demasiados demasiado (a) demasiado joven inusual raro sombrilla paraguas cascada viento, aire trabajar trabajador empleado trabajando mal equivocado joven
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QUICK REFERENCE
FORMULAS OF THE VERB TO BE
Affirmative: Negative: Question: Answer: Affirmative: Negative: Question: Answer: Affirmative: Negative: Question: Answer: Affirmative: Negative: Question: Answer: Affirmative: Negative: Question: Answer:
Present S + be (am-is-are) + O S + be (am-is-are) not + O Be (am-is-are) + S + O? Yes, + Pronoun + be (am-is-are).
No. + Pronoun + be (am-is-are) + not.
Present Progressive S + be (am-is-are) + V-ing + O S + be (am-is-are) not + V-ing + O Be (am-is-are) + S + V-ing + O? Yes, + Pronoun + be (am-is-are). No. + Pronoun + be (am-is-are) + not. Past S + be (was-were) + O S + be (was-were) not + O Be (was-were) + S + O? Yes, + Pronoun + be (was-were).
No. + Pronoun + be (was-were) + not.
Past Progressive S + be (was-were) + V-ing + O S + be (was-were) not + V-ing + O Be (was-were) + S + V-ing + O? Yes, + Pronoun + be (was-were). No. + Pronoun + be (was-were) + not. Future S + be (am-is-are) + going to + O (place / V-base form) S + be (am-is-are) not + going to + O (place / V-base form) Be (am-is-are) + S going to + O (place / V-base form) ? Yes, + Pronoun + be (am-is-are). No. + Pronoun + be (am-is-are) + not. FORMULAS OF THE VERB TO HAVE
Affirmative: Negative: Question: Answer: Affirmative: Negative: Question: Answer:
Present S + (have-has) + O S + (do-does) not + have + O (Do-Does) + (not) + S + have + O? Yes, + Pronoun + (do-does). No. + Pronoun + (do-does) + not. (dont-doesnt) Past S + had + O S + did not + have + O Did + (not) + S + have + O? Yes, + Pronoun + did.
No. + Pronoun + did+ not. (didnt)
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Regular & Irregular Verbs

Regular verbs form their past tense and past participle by adding ed at the end The past of irregular verbs is unpredictable. This is the closest sound of most REGULAR verbs in the past tense. (It could be some exceptions.) Verbs ending with ee, g, ge, l, ll, m, me, mb, n, ve, r, re, w, y, z, ze Verbs ending with ce, ch, sh, ck, k, p, s, se, ss, x Verbs ending with d, de, t, and te PRESENT PAST PAST PARTICIPLE OF THE VERBS
Simple Present With He-She-It With -ing Simple Past Past Participle Ending Sound Meaning In Spanish
D T ED
Abandon Abase Abbreviate Abduct Abide
abandons abases abbreviates abducts abides
abandoning abasing abbreviating abducting abiding
abandoned abased abbreviated abducted abided
abandoned asbased abbreviated abducted abided
D T ED ED ED T ED D T ED ED ED D ED D T D ED T ED D T T D ED D D D ED T T T T D
Abolish abolishes abolishing abolished abolished Abort aborts aborting aborted aborted Absorb absorbs absorbing absorbed absorbed Abuse abuses abusing abused abused Accede accedes acceding acceded acceded Accept accepts accepting accepted accepted Accommodate/accommodates accommodating accommodated Accompany accompanies accompanying accompanied Accumulate accumulates accumulating accumulated accumulated Accustom accustoms accustoming accustomed accustomed Ache aches aching ached ached Achieve achieves achieving achieved achieved Add adds adding added added Address addresses addressing addressed addressed Admit admits admitting admitted admitted Advertise advertises advertising advertised advertised Advise advises advising advised advised Affix affixes affixing affixed affixed Agree agrees N/A (gerund) agreed agreed Aid aids aiding aided aided Aim aims aiming aimed aimed Allow allows allowing allowed allowed Alter alters altering altered altered Alternate alternates alternating alternated alternated Amaze amazes amazing amazed amazed Ambush ambushes ambushing ambushed ambushed Amuse amuses amusing amused amused Announce announces announcing announced announced Annoy annoys annoying annoyed annoyed
abandonar humillar abreviar secuestrar raptar aguantar soportar permanecer atenerse abolir - cancelar abortar - tirar absorber abusar acceder aceptar acomodar acompaar acumular amontonar acostumbrarse doler alcanzar-realizar-conseguir aumentar - agregar dirigirse - enviar admitir aceptar anunciar advertir aconsejar - avisar pegar unir aadir - fijar acordar ayudar estar de acuerdo apuntar dirigirse permitir alterar cambiar modificar alternar asombrar, pasmar emboscartomar por sorpresa entretener anunciar publicar molestar, fastidiar 158
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answered appealed appeared approached approved argued arrested arranged aspired assisted applied arose asked asked for asked out assumed astonished attached attempted attended answered appealed appeared approached approved argued arrested arranged aspired assisted applied arisen asked asked for asked out assumed astonished attached attempted attended D D D T D D ED D D ED D T T T D T T ED ED
Answer Appeal Appear Approach Approve Argue Arrest Arrange Aspire Assist Apply Arise Ask Ask for Ask out Assume Astonish Attach Attain Attempt Attend Attenuate Attest Attract Attribute Attune Auction Audit. Augur Authenticate Authorize Automate Avenge Aver Average Avert Avoid Avow Await Awake Award Awe Babble
answers appeals appears approaches approves argues arrests arranges aspires assists applies arises asks asks for asks out assumes astonish attaches attains attempts attends attenuates attests attracts attributes attunes auctions Audits augurs authenticates authorizes automates avenges aver averages averts avoids avows awaits awakes awards awes babbles
answering appealing appearing approaching approving arguing arresting arranging aspiring assisting applying arising asking asking for asking out assuming astonishing attaching attaining attempting attending attenuating attesting attracting attributing attuning auctioning auditing auguring authenticating authorizing automating avenging avering averaging averting avoiding avowing awaiting awaking awarding awing babbling
attracted attributed attuned auctioned audited augured authenticated authorized automated avenged averaged
attracted attributed attuned auctioned audited augured authorized automated avenged averaged
ED ED ED D ED D ED T ED T T
averted averted ED avoided avoided ED avowed avowed D awaited awaited ED awaked-awoke awoken-awaked awarded awarded D awed awed D babbled babbled D
responder-contestar apelar, clamar, atraer aparecer parecer acercarse aprovar, autorizar argumentar-arguir-discutir arrestarponer bajo arresto ordenar arreglar aspirar de aspiracin asistir aplicar-solicitar levantarse-ergirse-surgir preguntar-questionar pedir-solicitar-requerir invitar a salir asumir pretender asombrar pasmar sorprender atonisar adherir-vincular-unir lograr-conseguir-alcanzar atentarintentarprocurar cuidar de atender asistir atenuar atestar testificar certificar atestiguar atraer ser atrado por atribuir armonizar-acordar-afinar subastar auditar presagiar pronosticar autentizar probar que es genuino autorizar dar permiso automatizar vengar vengarse afirmar-asegurar-declarar promediar determinar el trmino de apartar desviar impeder evitar-eludir-prevenir-avolir reconocer confesar esperar a alguien despertar estar despierto otorgar-conferir-adjudicar intimidar atemorizar espantarse horrorizarse balbucear murmurar 159
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backbit backed up bagged badgered bore beat baffled bailed out bait baked balanced baled bailed balloted banned banded banged banished baptized barked barred bared bargained bartered based bashed basked bated bathed was-were was able backbitten backed up bagged badgered born beat baffled bailed out bait baked balanced baled bailed balloted banned banded banged banished baptized barked barred
Backbite Back up Bag Badger Bear Beat Buffle Bail out Bait Bake Balance Bale Ball Ballot Ban Band Bang Banish Baptize Bark Bar Bare Bargain Barge Barter Base Bash Bask Bat Bathe Be Be able
backbites backs up bags badgers bears beats baffles bails out baits bakes balances bales balls ballots bans bands bangs banishes baptizes barks bars bares bargains barges barters bases bashes basks bats bathes is is able
backbiting backing up bagging badgering bearing beating baffling bailing out bating baking balancing baling balling balloting banning banding banging banishing baptizing barking barring baring bargaining barging bartering basing bashing basking batting bathing N/A (gerund) being able
be born Become Begin Believe Bend Beset Bid Bind Bite Bleed Blend
is born becomes begins believes bends besets bids binds bites bleeds blends
N/A becoming beginning N/A (gerund) bending besetting biding binding biting bleeding blending
was born became began believed bent beset bid bound bit bled blended
murmurar calumniar T retroceder D embolsar D molestar incomodar aguantar golpear azotar - latir D confundir desconcertar D sacar bajo fianza encebar atormentar T hornear cocer asar T balancear equilibrar D empacar embalar D empelotar embolar ED votar decider por voto D prohibir excomulgar ED atar fajar precistar D golpear T desterrar T bautizar T ladrar D obstruir-impeder-prohibir divider en compases bared D desnudar desvestir despojar descubrir bargained D negociar entrometerce bartered D cambiar algo por algo based T basar basarse fundar Fundamentar bashed T golpear aplastar wuebrar basked T calentarse tomar el sol bated ED mover golpear bathed D baarse en tina been ser estar (tener) been able poder-ser hbil-competente ser capz tener la habilidad ser competente-ser talentoso future (will be able) podr podrs etc been born nacer nacido become llegar a ser-convertirse begun comenzar-empezar-iniciar believed D creer bent doblarse-agacharse beset acosar bid ofrecer-oferta-licitar-rogar bound unir-ligar-envolver bitten morder bled sangrar blended ED licuar matizar moler 160
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blew bombed bonded bored borrowed bothered bred brought broadcasted built burned/burnt burst buried bought cadged call could carried caught caused changed chased chatted chewed chose claimed clapped cleaned clung closed coded combed came committed complained concentrated confronted connected considered continued cooked counted connected cost contributed covered
Blow Bomb Bond Bore Borrow Bother Breed Bring Broadcast Build Burn Burst Bury Buy Cadge Call Can Caress Carry Catch Cause Change Chase Chat Chew Choose Claim Clap Clean Cling Close Code Comb Come Commit Complain Concentrate Confront Connect Consider Continue Cook Count Connect Cost Contribute Cover
blows bombs bonds bores borrows bothers breeds brings broadcasts builds burns bursts buries buys cadges calls can carries catches causes changes chases chats chews chooses claims claps cleans clings closes codes combs comes commits complains concentrates confronts connects considers continues cooks counts connects costs contributes covers
blowing bombing bonding boring borrowing bothering breeding bringing broadcasting building burning bursting burying buying cadging calling (model aux.) carrying catching causing changing chasing chatting chewing choosing claiming clapping cleaning clinging closing coding combing coming committing complaining concentrating confronting connecting considering continuing cooking counting connecting costing contributing covering
blown bombed D bonded ED bored D borrowed D bothered D bred brought broadcasted ED built burnt D-T burst buried D bought cadged call N/A Model auxiliary carried caught caused changed chased chatted chewed chosen claimed clapped cleaned clung closed coded combed come committed complained concentrated confronted connected considered continued cooked counted connected cost contributed covered D D D T ED D D T D D ED D ED D ED ED ED D D T ED ED ED D
soplar explotar bombardear unir-ligar-vincular aburrir aburrirse prestar molestar fastidiar engenar-producir-criar traer difundir emitir anunciar construir-formar-hacer quemar reventar explotar enterrar comprar gorrear - entrar sin pagar llamar-hablar poder hacer algo accarrear-traer atrapar causar cambiar perseguir corretear charlar platicar masticar mascar escoger elegir exigir-pedir-reclamar reivindicar-afirmar-demandar aplaudir-palmada limpiar asirse pegarse aferrarse cerrar codificar peinarse venir comprometer-encargar confiar-perpetrat-cometer quejarse reclamar concentrarse confrontar conectar enchufar enlazar considerar continuar cocinar contra-cuenta conectar costear contribuir cubrir 161
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crammed D craved D crept crossed T cropped T cut dealt deceived D declined D decided ED declared D deeped D defended ED deleted ED demolished T demonstrated ED denied D destroyed D detected ED developed T died D dug discovered D discussed T dispatched T distracted ED diven/dived D divorced D done dragged D drew dreamt/ed D dressed T drunk-drunken driven dropped D drowned D dried D eaten encouraged T ended ED endorsed T enjoyed D enrolled D erased T escaped T executed ED exited ED expanded ED
Cram Crave Creep Cross Crop Cut Deal Deceive Decline Decide Declare Deepen Defend Delete Demolish Demonstrate Deny Destroy Detect Develop Die Dig Discover Discuss Dispatch Distract Dive Divorce Do Drag Draw Dream Dress Drink Drive Drop Drown Dry Eat Encourage End Endorse Enjoy Enroll Erase Escape Execute Exit Expand
crams craves creeps crosses crops cuts deals deceives declines decides declares deepens defends deletes demolishes demonstrates denies destroys detects develops dies digs discovers discusses dispatches distracts dives divorces does drags draws dreams dresses drinks drives drops drowns dries eats encourages ends endorses enjoys enrolls erases escapes executes exits expands
cramming crammed craving craved creeping crept crossing crossed cropping cropped cutting cut dealing dealt deceiving deceived declining declined deciding decided declaring declared deeping deeped defending defended deleting deleted demolishing demolished demonstrating denying denied destroying destroyed detecting detected developing developed dying died digging dug discovering discovered discussing discussed dispatching dispatched distracting distracted diving dived/dove divorcing divorced doing did dragging dragged drawing drew dreaming dreamed dressing dressed drinking drank driving drove dropping dropped drowning drowned drying dried eating ate encouraging encouraged ending ended endorsing endorsed enjoying enjoyed enrolling enrolled erasing erased escaping escaped executing executed exiting exited expanding expanded
atiburnar atestar ansiar-anhelar-implorar arrastrarse desizarse cruzar cosechar cortar distribuir-hacer trato-batallar engaar defrauder hurtat negar-rechazar decider declarer-manifestar ahondar intensificar defender borrar eliminar demoler pulveriar demostrar mostrar negar-denegar destruir detector desarrollar morir escarvar-perforar descubrir discutir, argumentar despachar, apresurar distraer hacer/aventar clavados divorciarse hacer (auxiliary verb) arrastrar dibujar pintar soar vertir-vertirse beber-tomar manejar-dirigir-cunducir tirar-caer ahogarseinundardumergir secar comer animar alentar finalizar-terminar endosar-avalar-respaldar disfrutar subscriber-enrollar borrar escaper ejecutar irse-salirse-terminar expander 162
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explained expressed exterminated fabricated faced failed fell fasted fed felt fascinated fetched fought figured filed found finished fit fled flung flew focused folded followed forbade forgot forgave forewent formed forsook froze frightened fringed explained expressed exterminated fabricated faced failed fallen fasted fed felt fascinated fetched fought figured filed found finished fit fled flung flown focused folded followed forbidden forgotten forgiven foregone formed forsaken frozen frightened fringed D T ED ED T D D ED T D D T
Explain Express Exterminate Fabricate Face Fail Fall Fasten Feed Feel Fascinate Fetch Fight Figure File Find Finish Fit Flee Fling Fly Focus Fold Follow Forbid Forget Forgive Forego Form Forsake Freeze Frighten Fringe Fry Gain Gather Get Get even Get home Get lost Get punished Get started Get wet Give Give birth Go Grind Grow
explains expresses exterminates fabricates faces fails falls fastens feeds feels fascinates fetches fights figures files finds finishes fits flees flings flies focuses folds follows forbids forgets forgives foregoes forms forsakes freezes frightens fringes fries gains gathers gets gets even gets home gets lost gets wet gives gives birth goes grinds grows
explaining expressing exterminating fabricating facing failing falling fasting feeding feeling fascinating fetching fighting figuring filing finding finishing fitting fleeing flinging flying focusing folding following forbidding forgetting forgiven foregoing forming forsaking freezing frightening fringing
T D
D D D
frying fried gaining gained gathering gathered getting got getting even got even getting home got home getting lost got lost getting punished getting started getting wet got wet giving gave giving birth gave birth going went grinding ground growing grew
fried gained D gathered D gotten gotten even gotten home gotten lost got punished got started gotten wet given given birth gone ground grown
explicar expresar exterminar fabricar inventor enfrentar encarar fallar errar reprobar caer-caerse atar-amarrar-sujetar alimentar sentir sentimiento facinar sacar traer pelear-luchar decifrar entender archivar encontrar-multa terminar finalizar ajustar calzar quedar huir escaper echar al suelo-tirar-arrojar volar-mosca enfocar doblar-doblz seguir-perseguir prohibir vedar olvidar perdonar proceder ir adelante formar dar forma desamparar-abandonar congelar asustar espantar lenear - poner una linea o franja (bordo-frontera) freir ganar-progresar juntar acumular obtener (comodn) desquitarse quedar empate llegar a casa perderse confundirse ser castigado comerzar empear mojarse dar-regalar dar a luz ir moler sernir crecer 163
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happened hung/hanged had heard helped hid hit held hopped hoped hummed hurt hurried identified ignored implored implied imposed impressed impelled inserted interested invited interpreted intrigued introduced issued jailed jammed joked jumped kept kidded killed knelt knew lacked laughed laughed at laid led leaked learned left leapt/ed lent let happened hung/hanged had heard helped hidden hit held hopped hoped hummed hurt hurried identified ignored implored implied imposed impressed impelled inserted interested invited interpreted intrigued introduce issued jailed jammed joked jumped kept kidded killed knelt known lacked laughed laughed at laid led leaked learnt left leapt/ed lent let D D T
Happen Hang Have Hear Help Hide Hit Hold Hop Hope Hum Hurt Hurry Identify Ignore Implore Imply Impose Impress Impel Insert Interest Invite Interpret Intrigue Introduce Issue Jail Jam Joke Jump Keep Kid Kill Kneel Know Lack Laugh Laugh at Lay Lead Leak Learn Leave Leap Lend Let
happens hangs has hears helps hides hits hold\s hops hopes mums hurts hurries identifies ignores implores implies imposes impresses impels inserts interests invites interprets intrigues introduces issues jails jams jokes jumps keeps kids kills kneels knows lacks laughs laughs at lays leads leaks learns leaves leaps lends lets
happening hanging having* N/A (gerund) helping hiding hitting holding hopping hoping humming hurting hurrying identifying ignoring imploring implying imposing impressing impelling inserting interesting inviting interpreting intriguing introducing issuing jailing jamming joking jumping keeping kidding killed kneeling N/A (gerund) lacking laughing laughing at laying leading leaking learning leaving leaping lending letting
T T D ED D D D D T T D ED ED ED ED D T D D D T T ED D T T
T T
suceder pasar colgar-persistir-continuar tener oir-escuchar ayudar esconder ocultar pegar-golpear sostener-cargar-abrasar saltar brincar bailar esperar (esperanza) zumbar hacer ruido lastimar doler apresurarse darse prisa identificar reconocer ignorar implorar implicar-incluir-singnificar imponer hacer aceptar impresionar impulsar obligar inserter interesarse invitar traducer interpretar intrigar conspirer introducer-presentar entregar enviar reportar encarcelar atascar-bloquear-apiar bromear vacilar brincar mantener-guardar bromear vacilar tomar el pelo matar-asesinar arrodillarse saber-conocer carecer faltar reir reirse de-burlarse colocar-installar-depositar dejar poner huevos guiar-conducir gotear-gotera aprender dejar-irse brincar saltar prestar permitir dejar arrendar 164
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Lie lies lying lay Lift lifts lifting lifted Light lights lighting lit/lighted Like likes N/A (gerund) liked Live lives living lived Listen listens listening listened Lock locks locking locked Look looks looking looked Look at looks at looking at looked at Look for looks for looking for looked for Loose looses loosing loosed Lose loses losing lost Love loves N/A (gerund) loved Low lows lowing lowed Make makes making made Marry marries marrying married Mean means meaning meant Measure measures measuring measured Melt melts melting melted Meet meets meeting met Mean means meaning meant Mill mills milling milled Miss misses missing missed Misspell misspells misspelling misspelled Misspeak misspeaks misspeaking misspoke Mistake mistakes mistaking mistook Misunderstand - misunderstands misunderstanding Mop mops mopping mopped Mow mows mowing mowed Mull mulls mulling mulled
lain mentir lifted ED levantar alzar lit/lighted ED alumbrar-encender-iluminar liked T gustar-como lived D vivir listened D escuchar locked T cerrar con llave (candado) looked T mirar looked at T mirar a (hacia) looked for T buscar loosed T sueltar aflojar liberar lost perder perderse loved D amar-querer-apreciar lowed D disminuir bajar made hacer-construir married D casarse meant significar querer decir measured D medir melted ED derretir met juntarseconocerencontrarse meant significar-significado milled D moler missed T fallar extraar misspelled D deletrear mal misspoken hablar mal mistook equivocarse tener un error misunderstood entender mal mopped T trapear el piso mowed D trasquiar cortar mulled D considerer cuidadosamente meditar pensar escudriar Murder murders murdering murdered murdered D asesinar matar con intento Name names naming named named D nombrar Need needs N/A (gerund) needed needed ED necesitar Negotiate negotiates negotiating negotiated negotiated ED negociar salvar superar Note notes noting noted noted ED notar Notice notices noticing noticed noticed T notar Notify notifies notifying notified notified D notificar Occur occurs occurring occurred occurred D ocurrir pasar Open opens opening opened opened D abrir Overcome overcomes overcoming overcame overcome trinfar supercar vencer Overdo overdoes overdoing overdid overdid eagerar hacer demasiado Overdose overdoses overdosing overdosed overdosed T sobremedicase / drogas Overdraw overdraws overdrawing overdrew overdrown sobregirar sobreretirar Overload overloads overloading overloaded overloaded ED sobrecargar Overestimate overestimates overestimating overestimated ED sobre estimar Overtake overtakes overtaking overtook overtaken apoderarse dar acance Overthrow overthrows overthrowing overthrew overthrew derrocar destruir Owe owes owing owed owed D deber (dinero)
165
JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
owned packed painted parked passed paused paid permitted picked placed planted played pleaded pleased plugged pointed posed possessed posted owned packed painted parked passed/past paused paid permitted picked placed planted played pleaded pleased plugged pointed posed possessed posted D T ED T T T ED T T ED D ED T D ED T T ED
Own Pack Paint Park Pass Pause Pay Permit Pick Place Plant Play Plead Please Plug Point Pose Possess Post Pour Practice Pray Prey Program Promise Pollute Prove Provoke Pry Pull Pulse Punish Push Put Quake Question Quit Rain Rally Rape Read Recall Recommend Refuse Relay Relax Relief Remember
owns packs paints parks passes pauses pays permits picks places plants plays pleads pleases plugs points poses possesses posts pours practices prays preys programs promises pollutes proves provokes prys pulls pulses punishes pushes puts quakes questions quits rains rallies rapes reads recalls recommends refuses relays relaxes relieves remembers
N/A (gerund) packing painting parking passing pausing paying permitting picking placing planting playing pleading pleasing plugging pointing posing possessing posting
pouring poured poured D practicing practiced practiced T praying prayed prayed D preying preyed preyed D programming programmed programmed D promising promised promised T polluting polluted polluted ED proving proved proved D provoking provoked provoked T prying pried pried D pulling pulled pulled D pulsing pulsed pulsed D punishing punished punished T pushing pushed pushed T putting put put quaking quaked quaked T questioning questioned questioned D quitting quit quit raining rained rained D rallying rallied rallied D raping raped raped T reading read read recalling recalled recalled recommending recommended recommended ED refusing refused refused T relaying relayed relayed D relaxing relaxed relaxed T relieving relieved N/A (gerund) remembered remembered D
poseer tener aduean empacar pintar estacionarse pasar pausar pagar permitir recojer levanter colocar-lugar plantar jugar-tocar un instrument declarar - suplicar - dclararse complacer enchufar-connectar apuntar sealar posar poseer pegar fijar anunciar Mandar por correo poner-derramar-verter practicar rezar-suplicar-pedir rapiar-pillar-consimir programar prometer contaminar provar comprovar provocar, irritar, encolerizar asechar-espiar-palanquear jalar pulsar castigar empujar poner temblar estremecerse interrogar preguntar abandonar-renunciar-dejar llover reunir reanimar violar - raptar leer recordar-reconocer recomendar sugerir reusar rechazar transmitir relevar relajarse tranquilizarse recorder 166
JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
returned reviewed rid rode rang rinsed rose ran ran away robbed rubbed sacrificed sailed saved sawed said scared scooted saw sought searched sold sent served set sewed shook shaved shared shore shed shined shoed shopped shot shrank shut shivered shouted showed signed sang sank sat sat down slammed slew slept returned reviewed rid ridden rung rinsed risen run robbed rubbed sacrificed sailed saved sawed said scared scooted seen sought searched sold sent served set sewed/sewn shaken shaved shared shorn shed shined shoed/shod shopped shot shrunk shut shivered shouted showed signed sung sunk sat slammed slain slept D D
Return Review Rid Ride Ring Rinse Rise Run Run away Rob Rub Sacrifice Sail Save Saw Say Scare Scoot See Seek Search Sell Send Serve Set Sew Shake Shave Share Shear Shed Shine Shoe Shop Shoot Shrink Shut Shiver Shout Show Sign Sing Sink Sit Sit down Slam Slay Sleep
returns reviews rids rides rings rinses rises runs runs away robs rubs sacrifices sails saves saws says scares scoots sees seeks searches sells sends serves sets sews shakes shaves shares shears sheds shines shoes shops shoots shrinks shuts shivers shouts shows signs sings sinks sits sits down slams slays sleeps
returning reviewing riding riding ringing rinsing rising running robbing rubbing sacrificing sailing saving sawing saying scaring scooting N/A (gerund) seeking searching selling sending serving setting sewing shaking shaving sharing shearing sheding shining shoeing shopping shooting shrinking shutting shivering shouting showing signing singing sinking sitting sitting down slamming slaying sleeping
D D T D D D D ED
T D D D D D D D
D ED D D
regresar revisar-repasar deshacerse de pasear-montar sonar-timbrar enjuagar levantarse corer-dirigir huir robar sobar frotar masajear sacrificar sarpar en barco ahorrar-guardar-salvar serrar aserrar cortar decir asustar deslizarse rpidamente correrse-salir-moverse ver buscar buscar-investigar vender enviar servir ajustar-acomodar-poner coser agitar-sacudir-mover rasurarse comartir convidar trasquilar verter-derramar-mudar brillar alumbrar calzar comprar disparar con arma encojer encojerse callar cerrar tiritar-temblar-estremeserse gritar mostrar-ensear firmar cantar hundirse-sumergir-arruinar sentarse estar sentado en ese momento golpe-cachetada-portazo matar dormer 167
JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
slid slung slit smashed smelled smiled smote snowed soared sobbed sowed spoke sped spelled spent spilled spun spat/spit split spoiled spotted spread sprang sprinkled squandered squared squashed squeezed stood stood up stared started stayed stole stepped stuck stung stank stopped stored strode struck strung striped strove studied suggested supported slid slung slit smashed smelt smiled smitten snowed soared sobbed sown spoken sped spelled spent spilled spun spit split spoiled spotted spread sprung sprinkled squandered squared squashed squeezed stood stood up stared started stayed stolen stepped stuck stung stunk stopped stored stridden struck strung striped striven studied suggested supported
Slide Sling Slit Smash Smell Smile Smite Snow Soar Sob Sow Speak Speed Spell Spend Spill Spin Spit Split Spoil Spot Spread Spring Sprinkle Squander Square Squash Squeeze Stand Stand up Stare Start Stay Steal Step Stick Sting Stink Stop Store Stride Strike String Strip Strive Study Suggest Support
slides slings slits smashes smells smiles smites snows soars sobs sows speaks speeds spells spends spills spins spits splits spoils spots spreads springs sprinkles squanders squares squashes squeezes stands stands up stares starts stays steals steps sticks stings stinks stops stores strides strikes strings strips strives studies suggests supports
sliding slinging slitting smashing smelling smiling smiting snowing soaring sobbing sowing speaking speeding spelling spending spilling spinning spitting splitting spoiling spotting spreading springing sprinkling squandering squared squashing squeezing standing standing up staring starting staying stealing stepping sticking stinging stinking stopping storing striding striking stringing stripping striving studying suggesting supporting
T D D D D
D D
D ED D D D T T D ED D T
D D
ED ED ED
resbalar-deslizar-escurrirse tirar-arrojar-lanzar cortat-dividir-hender aplastar-golpear oler sonreir pegar-golear con violencia nevar volar-lanear-elevarse sollosar-llorar sembrar hablar acelerar-aresurarse deletrear gastar derramar hilar-tejer-girar-voltear escupir separar apartar hecar a perder divisar-sealar-manchar extender-desparramar resortear-saltar rociar-salpicar-regar despilfarrar derrochar cuadrar cuadricular estrujar-machacar-aplastar apretar-abrar adoptar una postura ponerse (estar) de pie mirar con atencin a algo comenzar empezar permanecer quedarse robar-hurtar andar-caminar-dar pasos pegar-punzar-picar-adherir picar- pinchar-punzar apestar oler mal detener-parar almacenar pasar-caminar rapido chocar-herir-encender-huelga atar amarrar desvestir-despojar-desnudar desmantelar-quitar-robar forcejear esforzarse estudiar-estudio sugerir opinar apoyar soportar 168
JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
D
Supply supplies Swear swears Sweep sweeps Swell swells Swim swims Swing swing Switch switches Tackle tackles Take takes Talk talks Tap taps Tape tapes Tar tars Tarnish tarnishes Taste tastes Teach teaches Tear tears Tease teases Tell tells Terminate terminates Test tests Tie ties Tip tips Tire tires Thank thanks Think thinks Thrive thrives Throw throws Thrust thrusts Touch touches Train trains Tread treads Trip trips Try tries Understand understands Underestimate Undergo undergoes Undertake undertakes Update updates Uphold upholds Upset upsets Use uses Vanish vanishes Violate violates Wad wads Wait waits Wake wakes Wake up wakes up Walk walks
supplying supplied supplied swearing swore sworn sweeping swept swept swelling swelled swollen swimming swam swum swinging swung swung switching switched switched tackling tackled tackled taking took taken talking talked talked tapping tapped tapped taping taped taped tarring tarred tarred tarnishing tarnished tarnished tasting tasted tasted teaching taught taught tearing tore torn teasing teased teased telling told told terminating terminated terminated testing tested tested tying tied tied tipping tipped tipped tiring tired tired thanking thanked thanked thinking* thought thought thriving thrived thrived/throve throwing threw thrown thrusting thrust thrust touching touched touched training trained trained treading trod trodden tripping tripped tripped trying tried tried understanding understood understood underestimating underestimated undergoing underwent underwent undertaking undertook undertook updating updated updated upholding upheld upheld upsetting upset upset using used used vanishing vanished vanished violating violated violated wadding waded waded waiting waited waited waking woke/waked woken/waked waking up woke up waked up walking walked walked
T D T T T D T ED T ED ED T T D T
T D T D ED ED T T ED D ED T
proveer jurar maldecir barrer inchar-abultar-aumentar nadar oscilar-mecerse-colgar cambiar interumpir agarrar tirar asir atar tomar-agarrar-llevar hablar palmear-taladrear-intervenir encintar grabar poner brea empaar mancrar provar saborear gustar ensear rasgar romper demoler bromear burlar painar decir terminar acabar finalizar probar-examinar-ensayar amarrar-apretar dar propina (consejo) cansarse agotarse agradecer dar gracias pensar-creer crecer-prosperar lanzar arrojar-tirar encajar-arrojarse-embestir tocar entrenar-capacitar pisar tropezar-disparar-equivocarse provar-intentar comprender-entender subestimar sufrir emprender Actualizar sostener-apoyar-levantar molestar-perturbar usar desaparecer sin dejar rastro violar torcer caminar por el agua esperar despertar despertarse caminar 169
JV ENGLISH COLLEGE
wanted washed watched waved wore woved/wove wedded wept whined whistled won wound wished withheld withstood worked worried wrapped wrecked wringed wrinkled wrote yacht yanked yawned zipped wanted washed watched waved worn woven wedded wept whined whistled won wound wished withheld withstood worked worried wrapped wrecked wringed wrinkled written yawned ED T T D ED D D T
Want Wash Watch Wave Wear Weave Wed Weep Whine Whistle Win Wind Wish Withhold Withstand Work Worry Wrap Wreck Wring Wrinkle Write Yacth Yank Yawn Zap Zip
wants washes watches waves wears weaves weds weeps whines whistles wins winds wishes withholds withstands works worries wraps wrecks wrings wrinkles writes yacths yanks yawns zaps zips
N/A washing watching waving wearing weaving wedding weeping whined whistling winning winding wishing withholding withstanding working worrying wrapping wrecking wringing wrinkling writing yachting yanking yawning zapping zipping
T D T T D D T D T
querer-desear-buscar lavar ver-mirar saludar-ondear-hacer olas usar (clothing-tools) tejer-abrirse camino casarse llorar-lamentar quejarse gemir gimotear silbar ganar enredar-enrrollar-dar cuerda desear querer detener suspender negar impeder rehusar resistir aguantar trabajar-trabajo preocuparse envolver empacar chocar daar esprimir-retorcer-escurrir arrugar arrugarse frincir escribir navegar en recreo dar un tirn jaln bostesar abrirse desintegrar aniquilar silbar pasar silbando
170

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JV ENGLISH COLLEGE

Edited by: Professor JOS VRTIZ H.

INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

Students name: ______________________________

Address: ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________

Phone number: ______________________________

January, 2012 Cd. Jurez, Chihuahua. Mexico

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H.

INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

TABLE OF CONTENTS LEVEL I

LESSON 2 VOCABULARY: COLORS, FAMILY, & MORE

LESSON 3 SINGULAR & PLURAL NOUNS

LESSON 4 THE VERB TO BE

INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

LESSON 5 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS THIS & THAT

Page 95 96 98 101 105 106

LESSON 6 THERE IS & THERE ARE

LESSON 7 NOUNS & ADJECTIVES

LESSON 8 POSSESSIVE NOUNS

LESSON 9 PRONOUNS PREVIEW

149 157 168

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H.

INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

EXERCISE 1: SPELLING Directions: Spell the words indicated bellow.

INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

GREETINGS and MEETING PEOPLE

SALUDOS Y CONOCIENDO GENTE

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H.

INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

Spanish: Gusto en verte Spanish: Gusto en verte tambin.

PRESENTANDOTE TU MISMO CON OTROS

INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

MORE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

MAS PREGUNTAS Y RESPUESTAS

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H.

INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

100,000 1,000,000 1,000,000,000

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H.

INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H.

INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

THE DAYS, MONTHS, AND YEARS

LOS DIAS DE LA SEMANA

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H.

INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H.

INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

Its six oclock Its six on the dot

1. What time is it? Its ____________

2. What time is it? Its ____________

3. What time is it? Its ____________

4. What time is it? Its ____________

5. What time is it? Its ____________

6. What time is it? Its ____________

7. What time is it? Its ____________

8. What time is it? Its ____________ 17

Professor, Jos Vrtiz H.

INTRODUCTORY TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEVEL I

9. What time is it? Its ____________

Address: __

boy(s) and girl(s)

Blue___ Azul Yellow

_Rojo_ red caf

__