Microbiology/ Industrial Applications

Research | Biotechnology | Yeast Bacteria | Viruses | Particle Detection

Leading in High Sensitivity Detection and Analysis

01

INTRODUCTION

Microbiology | Industrial Applications

* Biotechnology and Cell Culture

* Research

* Food and Beverage Industry

The microorganisms are the most successful group of all living species occupying each habitat in water, soil, plants and animals including humans with enormous success. This leads to a fundamental impact on all research areas in modern biology and medicine.

MAIN BENEFITS
Precision _ High sensitivity flow cytometers for low signal intensity applications Versatility _ Any microbial FCM application can be performed on Partec instruments Comfort _ Quick enumeration of total cell count within minutes Safety _ Any cell type can be detected and identified by our flow cytometers Costs _ Optimization of large scale production processes saves time and money

* Industrial Applications

Biotechnologically designed and employed microorganisms for applications in food industry, chemistry and pharmacy significantly increase the importance. Because of their small size sophisticated technology is required for detection and characterization. Partec offers dedicated instruments and reagents for the analysis of microorganisms.

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OVERVIEW

Wide Range of Applications

Partec provides the complete range of flow cytometry technology for characterization of microorganisms Research
Microorganisms have desirable properties which make them analyzed on flow cytometers. Due to an instrument set-up predominant model organisms for genome analysis, detec- being optimized for low signal intensity applications the tion of regulatory and metabolic pathways, cell division and Partec instruments are commonly preferred for viral cell-cycle studies and many others. Easy handling and culti- detection and characterization. vation procedures thereby reaching an unlimited number of cells as well as highly developed cell biological and genetic cells. Flow cytometry as the major methodology for cellular analysis supports all research oriented applications by its high potential of analysing cellular properties. Not only cells but also virus particles are successfully being
Image: Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc. Image: Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc.

approaches are major benefits when working with these

Biotechnology and Cell Culture

With increasing knowledge about the functionality of A novel approach uses the susceptibility of cells to toxic microorganisms it became more common to employ them substances to set-up a bio-monitoring assay to assess the for biotechnological processes. A new industry developed on toxic potential of various substances. the principle of using microorganisms as bioreactors the White Biotechnology. Microorganisms are commonly used for the production of pharmaceuticals, nutrition additives, bio-fuels and chemical components. Flow cytometers thereby play a valuable role for monitoring the cultivation of cells, establishing cellular assays or optimizing yield of protein expression cultures.

Food and Beverage Industry

The utilization of microorganisms for food production has been part of the cultural evolution of humans for centuries. Although the same organisms are still employed for fermentation processes in a large scale nowadays, the food and beverage production is a highly engineered industrial process. Large fermenters require constant monitoring to prevent a break-down directly coupled to loss of money and time. Beer, wine and whiskey production are based upon the fermentation of sugar by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and reagent kits for monitoring the yeast growth parameters. Controlling the desired organisms is one feature of the process, however not less important is the immediate detection of contaminating and very often spoiling organisms.
Image: Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc. Image: Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc.

Quality control of food products is an issue with growing importance. Partec provides valuable support because virtually any cellular contamination can be detected on our flow cytometers. Protocols for general detection of any contaminant or individual species detection based on DNA specific probes are available.

for alcohol production. Partec offers dedicated instruments

Industrial Applications
Industrial production steps often include the removal of particles by filtering or chemical treatment. This can either occur during the process or further downstream during waste water treatment. Partec flow cytometers allow the detection and hence quantification of virtually any particle with a size smaller than 200 m and therefore function as valuable tools for process optimization.

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OVERVIEW

Microbiology | Industrial Applications

The high potential of flow cytometry for microbial analysis conditions the nearly endless versatility. A range of applications is displayed on the following pages, designated Partec instruments and reagents can be found in section 14. Research
04 _ Research in Biology and Medicine 05 _ Virus detection

Biotechnology and Cell Culture

06 _ Cell Counting in Biotechnology and Cell Culture 07 _ Toxicology and Biomonitoring

Food and Beverage industry

08 _ Quality control of Food products 09 _ Yeast in Brewery, Destillery, Wine production 10 _ Fermentation control, Food industry, Process optimization 11 _ Brettanomyces

Industrial Applications
12 _ Particle counting, Paper industry

04
Research

APPLICATIONS

RESEARCH IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE

Surprisingly enough an estimated 99% of all living microorganisms have not even been discovered although (or maybe because) they colonise any habitat with great success. From an evolutionary point of view the microbes show a large degree of biodiversity, commonly being unified by the feature of their small size. This feature makes the microbes to a group which is most privileged for analysis by flow cytometry: the cells usually occur as individuals and as a consequence sample preparation is pretty much facilitated. However, signal intensities are usually low due to small cell size and hence, low cellular content of stainable molecules. Partec offers the strongest (for flow cytometry available) laser models for a maximum excitation of the selected fluorochromes. This also makes the low signal intensity microorganisms an easy to approach object of analysis. The choice from a large number of light sources and the modular design of all our instruments allows the usage of the whole range of available test reagents. Cell enumeration, cell cycle analysis, viability analysis and many other fluorescence measurements are easy to perform applications on Partec flow cytometers.

MAIN BENEFITS
_ Superior sensitivity and resolution _ Large selection of excitation light sources _ Modular design of Partec instruments for highest flexibility

Suitable instruments for this application: _ CyFlow SL _ CyFlow space _ CyFlow ML For details please see section 14.

Fig. 1 Saccharomyces cerevisia

FL3-dead cells

Lactobacillus spec.

SSC

FL1-stain

FL1-viable cells

Staphylococcus spec.
FL3-mitochondrial activity

FSC

FSC

FL1

Seperation of differently sized organisms during a single measurement in a scatter plot: Staphylococcus spec. Lactobacillus spec. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Subsequent analysis: Mitochondrial activity measurement of Staphylococcus, DNA stain of Lactobacillus, Viability measurement of Saccharomyces.

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Research

APPLICATIONS

VIRUS DETECTION
Detection of virus particles is very demanding for both the sensitivity of the instrument and the sample preparation conditions because low sensitivities can be expected for both scatter and fluorescence signals. Therefore, technical specifications of the instrument need to be pushed to a limit. Partec has always been working on the leading edge of FCM technology and incorporated the latest developments of available laser technologies for the modern line of Partec instrumentation. Consequently, Partec was the first developer and manufacturer of flow cytometers offering laser excitation power far beyond the well established standards. In addition, Partec flow cytometers can be optimized for low signal intensity measurements. Virus particles in most cases can only be detected by staining of the viral nucleic acids.

MAIN BENEFITS
_ Highest sensitivity by advanced laser power _ Measurements at the leading edge of technology

Suitable instruments for this application: _ CyFlow SL _ CyFlow space _ CyFlow ML For details please see section 14.

Detection of Bacteriophage MS2 on a Partec flow cytometer

Fig. 2 Fig. 3

SSC

FSC

SSC

FSC

FSC SSC plot of pure buffer (Fig. 2) and virus particles diluted in the same buffer (Fig. 3). Under the preparation conditions phages tend to form aggregates , thus explaining the elongated tail of virus particles in the gated region.

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APPLICATIONS

Biotechnology and Cell Culture

CELL COUNTING IN BIOTECHNOLOGY AND CELL CULTURE

An accurate determination of the actual cell content is a necessary step in monitoring the growth of microorganisms. Conventional techniques include counting in a chamber or cultivation on agar plates. Especially the plating techniques are time-demanding because results are not available before growth of cells has been observed macroscopically. The obtained count reflects the cultivable cell number only under certain growth conditions, not necessarily the total number of cells being present. By FCM technology cells can easily be identified by their size and structure. In case a more specific detection method is required cells can be stained with a specific DNA binding dye. Results are obtained within minutes by this method. Additional information (viability, species identification) may be obtained by slight modifications of the staining protocol.

MAIN BENEFITS
_ Cell counting within minutes _ Straight forward and simple staining procedures _ Measurement of functional assays

Suitable instruments for this application: _ CyFlow SL _ CyFlow space _ CyFlow ML For details please see section 14.

Comparison of cell counting technologies: flow cytometry against conventional methods CONVENTIONAL METHODS
Result: Cultivable cell count

FLOW CYTOMETRY
Result: Total cell count Viable cell count Identification of species Physiological parameters

Fig. 4

Cell concentration: 795 cells /l FSC

Fig. 5 Plating on agar Staining

Count Cell concentration: 782 cells / l DNA-stain

Cell Growth

Analysis by FCM

Typical flow cytometric result of cell counting: cells can easily be identified based on their scatter signals (Fig. 4) or after DNA staining (Fig. 5).

PARTEC FLOW CYTOMETRY MORE THAN 120 TIMES FASTER THAN CONVENTIONAL METHODS
Conventional methods Flow Cytometry 10 minutes 12 48 hours

SSC

07

APPLICATIONS

Biotechnology and Cell Culture

TOXICOLOGY AND BIOMONITORING

Modern technology creates and produces an overwhelming number of chemical components which are ubiquitarilly present as food additives, colouring agents, etc. The biological effect of these substances on cellular functionality has only been tested in few cases. The toxic potential of chemicals though has to be tested more carefully due to more restrictive regulations. In vitro toxicity assays can easily be developed based on flow cytometry detection techniques. The most common phytoplankton organism employed for toxicity monitoring assays Growth kinetics of treated cultures yield the LC50 value for an investigated compound by exactly counting the cell number. This kind of analysis can easily be done on Partec flow cyometers which are all equiped with the unique True Absolute Volumetric Counting (please see section 15) feature. is the green algae Desmodesmus spec. Cultures of virtually any cell type can be analyzed in the same way and may reduce tests on whole organisms.

MAIN BENEFITS
_ Cell counting within minutes _ Assessing biological hazard potential of chemical substances _ Replacement of animal test procedures

Suitable instruments for this application: _ CyFlow SL _ CyFlow space _ CyFlow ML For details please see section 14.

Determination of cell number in toxicology assays

Fig. 6 Fig. 7

_1

_2

_3
1_ 2_ 3_

Replicates >

Growth of monitor organisms in multi-well plates at time point 72 hours (Fig. 6) without testing component (upper row) or after addition of the testing component at various concentrations (bottom rows). Samples can directly be analyzed from the incubation plates by using the Multi-well plate autoloader RobbyWell. Cell count versus time yields the LC50 for each compound (Fig. 7).

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APPLICATIONS

Food and Beverage Industry

DNA SPECIFIC DETECTION, QUALITY CONTROL OF FOOD PRODUCTS

Microorganisms are indispensable for many production processes in food and beverage industry. However they may also be amongst the most unwanted contaminants in the same reactors. Controlling and protecting the good ones, detecting and abolishing the bad ones: this challenging task can only be reached by employing the proper cell analyzing instruments. Due to their high sensitivity, the easy instrument handling and many available reagents Partecs flow cytometers make applications as cell enumeration, measurement of total viable cell count and many others accessible for any quality check facility. For speciesspecific detection of microorganisms newly developed DNA hybridization techniques are available (FISH technology) which can be applied on Partec flow cytometry systems. In this way contaminations of growing cultures with spoiling bacteria (e.g. Lactobacillus brevis or Pectinatus spec.) can easily be detected. The method does not require timeconsuming plating of samples and subsequent day-long incubation times before receiving the final result. The mobile technology of Partec's flow cytometers allows the monitoring of several fermenters even at different locations thereby reducing investment into technical equipment to a minimum. Of course, the same technique can also be applied for classical taxonomy studies using species specific DNA probes.

MAIN BENEFITS
_ Sequence specific detection of contaminants _ Easy quantification of contaminants _ Quality control of food products

Suitable instruments for this application: _ CyFlow SL _ CyFlow space _ CyFlow ML For details please see section 14.

Identification of Lactobacillus by a DNA probe

Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11

Count

Count

SSC

FL1

FL1

FSC

SSC

FSC

Detection of Lactobacillus acidophilus cells with a labelled RNA specific probe (detectable in the green fluorescence channel). Histogram of green fluorescence of a control sample (Fig. 8) and a hybridized sample (Fig. 9). Cells labelled with the fluorescent probe show a strong signal in FL1.

Two FSC-SSC plots of the hybridized samples. Labelled cells in RN 1 of Fig. 9 are backgated to Fig. 11 (highlighted in green).

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APPLICATIONS

Food and Beverage Industry

YEAST IN BREWERY, DESTILLERY, WINE PRODUCTION AND FOOD INDUSTRY

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (bakers yeast) is without any doubt the most employed microorganism in food and beverage production. A fact which emphasizes its importance for human nutrition on a global scale. Controlling the cell growth status requires both, long experience and the right technical equipment. The first is not commercially available - you have already proven your qualities anyway. For the latter we provide the dedicated instruments for monitoring cell density, viability, contaminants and other growth parameters in order to prevent dramatic fermentation crashes. Due to its modular optical design, almost every fluorescencebased detection reagent can be analyzed The Trehalose content of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is commonly believed to confer stress tolerance to growing yeast cells and enables the cells to survive stages of anhydrobiosis. Commercially applied strains of bakers yeast for fermentation purposes normally contain more than 10% Trehalose of the dry weight. The Trehalose content varies significantly in dependence of nutrition content and growth rate and is an important indicator for cellular physiology. With Partec FCM units and staining kits the level of Trehalose content can easily be determined. on Partec flow cytometry instruments.

MAIN BENEFITS
_ Monitoring of fermentation _ Rapid measurement of cell viability _ Physiological growth parameters

Suitable instruments for this application: _ CyFlow SL _ CyFlow space _ CyFlow ML For details please see section 14.

Analysis of physiological growth parameters of yeast cells

Fig. 12 Fig. 13
Mean Fluorescence intensity

Fig. 14
Trehalose content of yeast cells

FL3-dead cells

Cells / l

Growth (hours) FL1 -viable cells FL1 -trehalose FL1 -trehalose

Saccharomyces cerevisiae stained with the Partec Yeast Control Viability kit. The ratio of living and dead cells can be obtained 10 minutes after taking the sample from the fermenter (Fig. 12).

Fluorescence measurement of yeast Trehalose content. Staining with Partec Yeast Control Trehalose at time points 0 (left) and 12 hours (right) after inoculation (Fig. 13).

Trehalose content of growing yeast cells at various stages after inoculation (Fig. 14).

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APPLICATIONS

Food and Beverage Industry | Industrial Applications

FERMENTATION CONTROL, FOOD INDUSTRY, PROCESS OPTIMIZATION

MAIN BENEFITS
_ Monitoring of fermentation _ Rapid measurement of cell viability _ Physiological growth parameters

The major area of application is the microbial quality control in food, food additives and beverage production, in the pharmaceutical industry and in production of drinking water and in waste water treatment. Process control in bioreactors cultivating bacteria, yeast or higher cells require constant control of fermentation conditions. Lactobacillus spec. is the most commonly employed bacteria in food

industry. Fermentation success directly influences product quality because slightest variations in taste, colour, smell or stability of the final product are recognized by the consumer. Year-long constancy of the product can only be reached by experience and sophisticated detection methods. Partec instruments contribute significantly by providing essential information of cell count, viability and other physiological growth parameters. Suitable instruments for this application: _ CyFlow SL _ CyFlow space _ CyFlow ML For details please see section 14.

Quick determination of total cell number of Lactobacillus directly taken from the fermenter
Fig. 15 Fig. 16

Cell concentration: 985 cells / l

FSC

Viable cell concentration: 938 cells / l

FL1-viable cells

SSC

FSC

Identification and counting of Lactobacillus can easily be done in the FSC SSC plot (Fig. 15).

A simple DNA stain allows discrimination of living and dead cells (Fig. 16, living cells in Q2, dead cells in Q4).

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APPLICATIONS

Food and Beverage Industry

BRETTANOMYCES DETECTION QUALITY CONTROL OF WINE

A major problem in red wine production with high economical impact is the appearance of off-flavours caused by Brettanomyces sp. yeasts during wine maturation. Unwanted taste components like antispetic, bretty, cheese, rancidity, horse sweat and, animalic note cause wine spoilage and reduce wine quality and price. Brettanomyces spoilage can be prevented by adding sulphur dioxide at an early stage of maturation before Brettanomyces develop in reasonable numbers. Yeast proliferation reacts in particular sensitive on the presence of sulphur. Sulphur dioxide treatment itself influences the wines buquet and reduces sales prices significantly. Therefore, after finishing the alcoholic fermentation by Saccharomyces yeast, early detection and quantification of Brettanomyces in maturating wine is required to ensure absence of this organism or to initiate sulphur or other treatments. Partec flow cytometry solutions are now replacing conventional methods which have been too expensive and time consuming to prevent wine spoilage by Brettanomces on a wide scale.

MAIN BENEFITS
_ Quality control of expensive wine products _ Fast detection and quantification of contaminants _ New developed, economic detection method

Suitable instruments for this application: _ CyFlow SL _ CyFlow space _ CyFlow ML For details please see section 14.

Enumeration of Brettanomyces sp. in red wine

Fig. 17

Concentration of Brettanomyces: 17.710 cells / ml

Count

Viable Brettanomyces

Cell siz

Viable Brettanomyces

Fluorescence staining of Brettanomyces allows fast quantification of spoiling yeast cells

Smooth hills in Southern France

12

APPLICATIONS

Industrial Applications

PARTICLE DETECTION IN PAPER INDUSTRY

Usage of flow cytometry is not limited to cells only. Each particle with a diameter smaller than 200 m is practically suitable for analysis by our instruments. Particle size, particle number and specific fluorescence signals can easily be analyzed within one single experiment. Analysis of standard beads with known Quantification of unwanted by-products during large scale production procedures and control of their effective diameters allow the transformation of the FSC intensity axis into a particle size distribution axis. removal will stream-line the production process and save substantial amounts of money. For example, Partec instruments are meanwhile well established for analysis of wood pulp in paper production industry.

MAIN BENEFITS
_ Particle counting over a wide size range within minutes _ Optimization of large scale industrial processes _ Enormous time and cost saving

Suitable instruments for this application: _ CyFlow SL _ CyFlow space _ CyFlow ML For details please see section 14.

Counting of total particle content in wood pulp samples

Fig. 18 Any particle measurement in a FSC histogram can be transformed into a size distribution by standardization with reference beads of known diameters.

Particle count

FSC

Particle count

FSC

Fig. 19
Total particles

Particle size

Fig.19: The red and green curves show the overlay of wood pulp samples measurements before and after treatment with a crosslinker, resp. The results demonstrate the substantial removal of unwanted particles.

Paper production industry

13

OVERVIEW

Instruments | Technology

Unique features of Partec flow cytometers which determine our instruments for low intensity applications _ Strongest available laser output power for maximum excitation _ Large selection of excitation light sources 375nm, 405nm, 488nm, 532nm, 561nm, 638nm and others _ Highest sensitivity Scatter 0,1 m Fluorescence < 100 MESF (FITC), < 50 MESF (PE) _ Different beam stop specifications and forward scatter angles available _ Portability (CyFlow SL) _ High stability, robustness and precision

14

PRODUCTS

Instruments | Reagents

Partec instruments
Article No. CY-S-1035 Item Partec CyFlow SL 1 Laser, 3 fluorescence colours

CY-S-3001

Partec CyFlow space 1-3 Lasers, UV LED, 7 fluorescence parameters

CY-S-2001

Partec CyFlow ML 1-4 Lasers, UV LED, 13 fluorescence parameters

Instrument accessories
Article No. 12-01-1000 Item Partec Particle and Cell Sorter PPCS For CyFlow space

16-02-1000

Multi Well Plate Autolaoder Robby Well For CyFlow SL, CyFlow space and CyFlow ML

Reagents
Article No. 05-6000-01 Item YeastControl - Cell Cycle Reagent kit for biotechnological fermentation control Packaging Unit 50 Tests

05-6000-02

YeastControl - Viability Reagent kit for biotechnological fermentation control

100 Tests

05-6000-03

YeastControl - Glycogen Reagent kit for biotechnological fermentation control

50 Tests

05-6000-04

YeastControl - Trehalose Reagent kit for biotechnological fermentation control

50 Tests

05-6000-05

YeastControl - Neutral lipids Reagent kit for biotechnological fermentation control

50 Tests

on request

Standard sized beads Beads for particle size determination

on request

on request

Cell staining reagents Reagents for labeling of cells and cell counting

on request

05-6001

Oeno Yeast Staining reagent for detection of Brettanomyces in wine

50 Tests

15

ANALYZE

CyFlow Software for CyFlow Systems

The Windows FloMax software integrates instrument control including acquisition, on- and offline data analysis, onand offline compensation into a complete software package.
Predefined and freely adaptable instrument settings and panels facilitate switching between different applications. FloMax is optimized for immunophenotyping, microbiology analysis, cell cycle, DNA ploidy, and other scientific flow cytometric analysis. Data are stored in FCS flow cytometry standard file format for easy exchange with other analysis software. One of the unique features is

the digital on- and offline color crosstalk compensation of the spectral overlap of fluorescence from simultaneously analysed dyes. The N-color compensation algorithm allows a correction of the crosstalk between any parameter without the need to rerun a sample. FloMax optimally supports the True Volumetric Absolute Counting feature of the Partec FCM instruments, displaying

particle concentrations for any subset of cells, even if defined by a gate at a later time after the acquisition.

Full flexibility and automation with the Partec FloMax software.

The FloMax panel system allows automated analysis of repeating sample series employing different dyes or instrument settings. The FloMax software generates data fittings for automated analysis of the results (e.g. cell cycle distribution, picture on the right). Comprehensive and userdesigned reports of the results can be created as Microsoft Word or Excel files.

Regular Flow Cuvette

The True Volumetric Absolute Counting (TVAC) is a unique feature of all Partec Flow Cytometers, offering highest absolute counting precision and accuracy.
The CyFlow instruments analyse concentrations of any particle or cell subpopulation of interest using True Volumetric Absolute Counting. This unique method is solely based on the fundamental definition of absolute counting respectively the particle concentration (c) equals the counted number (N) of particles (e.g. cells) in a given volume (V), c = N / V. In the CyFlow instruments, the volume is measured directly by mechanical means (rather than by calibration with expensive beads with asometimes doubtful given nominal concentration). Thus, the precision of volume measurement is defined by a fixed mechanical design, eliminating any errors related to varying bead concentrations or bead aggregation. The CyFlow instruments allow the analysis of a fixed volume as defined by the distance between two platinum electrodes reaching into the sample tube with a given diameter. Alternatively, a well defined volume of free choice involving the digital sample speed control can be used. Benefits of True Volumetric Absolute Counting:

_ digital volumetric precision by mechanical design: CV< 2 % _ no errors related to calibration _ no additional time and preparation steps for reference beads or haematology reference count _ no expenses for calibration beads _ no separate cell counter required

16

COMPANY

Flow Cytometry made in Germany

New sophisticated applications and increasing requirements for reliable results in research and routine within shortest possible time - The challenge for flow cytometry instrumentation, automation and software.

A well-established network of subsidiaries and distributors in more than 60 countries worldwide characterizes Partecs commitment to the increasing focus and need for global access to Flow Cytometry instrumentation and application support: www.partec.de/partec/distributors.html

40 Years of Experience and Professional Expertise

Partec pioneer in Flow Cytometry since 1967/68 responds to these requirements with the new generation of Windows based CyFlow and PAS FCM systems featuring innovative computer controlled flow systems, modular optical systems with advanced PMTs for all optical channels, most modern computer and digital electronic technologies including fast and precise 16 bit ADC converters and realtime data acquisition and display.

17

LITERATURE

Selection of Scientific Publications

Karl-Josef Hutter, Michaela Miedl, Britta Kuhmann, Frank Nitzsche, James H. Bryce and Graham G. Stewart. Detection of Proteinases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Flow Cytometry. J. Inst. Brew. 111(1), 2632, 2005 Frederik A. Hammes and Thomas Egli. New Method for Assimilable Organic Carbon Determination Using Flow-Cytometric Enumeration and a Natural Microbiological Consortium as Inoculum. Environ Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 3289 3294

J. P. Day, D. B. Kell and G. W. Griffith. Differentiation of Phytophtora infestans sporangia from other airborne biological particles by flow cytometry. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2002, 68:1, 37-45

Paul H. Chlup, Dominic Bernard and Graham G. Stewart. The Disc Stack Centrifuge and its Impact on Yeast and Beer Quality. J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. 2007, 65(1): 29-37 L Chau T, A. Guilln, E. Roca, M.J. Nez and

G. Nebe-Von Caron, P. Stephens and A. R. Badley. Bacterial detection and differentiation by cytometry and fluorescent probes. Proceedings RMS 1999, 34/1, 321-327

J.M. Lema. Population dynamics of a continuous fermentation of recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae using flow cytometry. Biotechnol Prog. 2001, 17(5):951-7. J.C. Bouchez, M. Cornu, M. Danzart, J.Y. Leveau,

Jan Kolberg, Audun Aase, Simone Bergmann, Paul H. Bessette and Patrick S. Daugherty. Flow Cytometric Screening of cDNA Expression Libraries for Fluorescent Proteins. Biotechnol Prog. 2004 May-Jun;20(3):963-7 Claus Holm and Lene Jespersen. A Flow-Cytometric Gram-Staining Technique for Milk-Associated Bacteria. Appl. Envir. Microbiol., May 2003; 69: 2857 - 2863 E. Marza, N. Camougrand and S. Manon. Bax expression protects yeast plasma membrane against ethanol-induced permeabilization. FEBS Letters 2002, 521:1-3, 47-52 Paul H. Chlup, James Conery and Graham G. Stewart. Detection of Mannan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by flow cytometry. J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. 2007, 65(3): 151-156 Michael Berney, Hans-Ulrich Weilenmann and Thomas Egli. Flow-cytometric study of vital cellular functions in Escheria coli during solar disinfection (SODIS). Microbiology (2006), 152, 1719-1729 Tove K. Herstad, Gunnhild Rodal, Ronald Frank, Manfred Rohde and Sven Hammerschmidt. Streptococcus pneumoniae enolase is important for plasminogen binding despite low abundance of enolase protein on the bacterial cell surface. Microbiology 152 (2006), 1307 1317

F. Duchiron and, M. Bouix. Physiological significance of the cytometric distribution of fluorescent yeasts after viability staining. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 2004 Volume 86, Issue 5 , Pages 520 530 H. Hohenblum, N. Borth and D. Mattanovich. Assessing viability and cell-associated product of recombinant protein producing Pichia pastoris with flow cytometry. J Biotechnol. 2003, 102(3):281-90.

complete list of publications: www.partec.com

www.partec.com

Flow Cytometry & Cell Analysis

Partec offers a wide range of modular and flexibly configurable flow cytometry systems with up to 5 light sources and up to 16 optical parameters featuring options for integrated closed cell sorting and autosampling/autoloading.

Essential Healthcare for HIV/AIDS TB Malaria

Partec Essential Healthcare is significantly contributing to addressing the specific requirements of patients by developing, manufacturing, and supplying innovative, dedicated, accurate, affordable, and mobile solutions to where they are needed most for improving human healthcare services.

OEM
Partec is your reliable Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) partner for a wide range of applications in the fields of healthcare, microbiology, agrosciences, and industrial applications, offering all benefits and advantages due to Partec's highest-depth in-house hardware and software development.

CONTACT
Headquarters North America Partec North America, Inc. 603 Heron Dr. Unit 9 Swedesboro, NJ 08085 USA Fon 856 467 0018 Fax 856 467 0188 partecna@partec.com Japan Partec Japan, Inc 3628-46 Kandatsu Tsuchiura City 300-0013 Japan Fon +81 (0) 29 834 7788 Fax +81 (0) 29 834 7772 partecjapan@partec.com

complete list of subsidiaries and distributors: www.partec.com

Partec GmbH Otto-Hahn-Strae 32 D-48161 Mnster Germany Fon +49 (0) 2534 8008-0 Fax +49 (0) 2534 8008-90 info@partec.com

France Partec S.A.R.L. 14/16 rue Gallieni 91700 Sainte Genevive des Bois France Fon +33 (0) 1 69 04 87 12 Fax +33 (0) 1 69 04 90 38 partecfrance@partec.com

United Kingdom Partec UK Ltd Suite BG10, Canterbury Enterprise Hub University of Kent Giles Lane Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ UK Fon +44 (0) 1227 823744 Fax +44 (0) 1227 824038 partecuk@partec.com

Italia Partec Italia S.r.l. Via G. Mascherpa 14 20048 Carate Brianza (MB) Italia

Fon +39 0362 909 143 Fax +39 0362 909 157 partecitalia@partec.com

Microbiology

Industrial Applications

Healthcare

Agrosciences

12.08

www.cyclos-design.de