PROBLEM 10.

41
The position of crank BCD is controlled by the hydraulic cylinder AB.
For the loading shown, determine the force exerted by the hydraulic
cylinder on pin B knowing that 60 . =

SOLUTION




Have
2 2
315 108 333 mm
AC
d = + =
108
tan
315
=
or 18.9246 =
Now, let = +
Then, by the Law of Cosines
( )( )
2 2
333 150 2 333 150 cos
AB
d = +
or ( ) ( )
2
13.3389 9.990cos 10 mm
AB
d =
and
( )
( )
499.5sin
mm
13.3389 9.990cos
AB
d

With 0 >
Virtual Work:
cyl
0: 0
D AB
U P y F d = =
where 480 N, P = and
D CD
y d =
Then
( )( )
( )
cyl
499.5sin
480 N 120 mm mm 0
13.3389 9.990cos
F

(

(
=
`
(

)

or ( )
( )
3
cyl
499.5sin 57.6 10 13.3389 9.990cos F =
With 60 : 60 18.9246 = = +





PROBLEM 10.41 CONTINUED
have
( )
cyl
499.5sin 60 18.9246 F ( +



( )
( )
3
57.6 10 13.3389 9.990cos 60 18.9246 = +
or
cyl
397.08 N F =
and
100 13.3389 9.990cos 78.9246 337.93 mm
AB
d = =
Then, by the Law of Sines
150 337.93
sin sin78.9246
=

or 25.824 =

cyl
397 N = F 44.7





PROBLEM 10.42
The position of crank BCD is controlled by the hydraulic cylinder AB.
Determine the angle knowing that the hydraulic cylinder exerts a
420-N force on pin B when the crank is in the position shown.

SOLUTION
From Problem 10.41, we have
( )
( )
3
cyl
499.5sin 57.6 10 13.3389 9.990cos F =
Then, with
cyl
420 N F =
We have
( )
( )
3
499.5sin 420 57.6 10 13.3389 9.990cos =
or
( )
2
3.64219sin 13.3389 9.990cos =
or
( )
2
13.2655 1 cos 13.3389 9.990cos =
or
2
13.2655cos 9.990cos 0.0734 0 + =
Then
( ) ( )( )
( )
2
9.990 9.990 4 13.2655 0.0734
cos
2 13.2655

=
or
41.7841 and 89.5748 = =
Now and 18.9246 = =
so that 22.9 and 70.7 = =





PROBLEM 10.43
For the linkage shown, determine the force P required for equilibrium
when 40 N m. M =

SOLUTION




For bar ABC, we have
where 375 mm
2
c
y
a
a

= =
and for bar CD, using the Law of Cosines
2 2 2
2 cos55
C D C D
a L L L L = +
Then, noting that constant, a = we have
( ) ( ) 0 2 2 2 cos55 2 cos55
C C D D C D C D
L L L L L L L L = +
Then, because :
C C
L y =
( ) ( ) cos55 cos55
C D C D C D
L L y L L L =
For the given position of member CD, CDE is isosceles.
and 2 cos55
D C
L a L a = =
Then
( )
( )
2
2 cos55 cos55 2 cos 55
C D
a a y a a L =
or
2
cos55
1 2cos 55
D C
L y

=


Now, Virtual Work: 0: 0
D
U M a P L = =
or
2
cos55
0
2 1 2cos 55
C
C
y
M P y
a

| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

which gives
2
1 2cos 55
2 cos55
M
P
a

=

Then
( )
2
40 N m 1 2cos 55
2 0.375 m cos55
P

=

or 31.8 N = P 35.0





PROBLEM 10.44
A cord is wrapped around a drum of radius a that is pinned at A. The
constant of the spring is 3 kN/m, and the spring is unstretched when
0. = Knowing that 150 mm a = and neglecting the mass of the drum,
determine the value of corresponding to equilibrium when a downward
force P of magnitude 48 N is applied to the end of the cord.

SOLUTION



First note
90 + =
90 + = =
Length of cord unwound for rotation s a =
Now ( )
0
1 cos , the distance moves down for rotation y a O =

P O
y y s = +
( ) 1 cos is the distance moves down for rotation
P
y a a P = +
Then ( ) sin
P
y a a = +
Now, by the Law of Cosines
( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 2
2
4 2 2 4 2 cos
SP
L a a a a = +
or
2 5 4cos
SP
L a =
Then
4sin
2
2 5 4cos
SP
L a

4 sin
5 4cos
a

Finally
( )
0
SP SP SP
F k L L
(
=



( )
2 5 4cos 2 k a a =

( )
2 5 4cos 1 ka =
Thus, by Virtual Work: 0: 0
P SP SP
U P y F L = =



PROBLEM 10.44 CONTINUED
or
( )
( )
4 sin
1 sin 2 5 4cos 1 0
5 4cos
a
Pa ka

| |
+ =
|

\ .

or
( ) 1 sin sin 5 4cos sin 0
8
P
ka

(
+ + =
(


Substituting given values:
( )( )
( )
48 N
1 sin sin 5 4cos sin 0
8 3000 N/m 0.15 m

(
+ + =
(
(


or
( )
1
1 sin sin 5 4cos sin 0
75

(
+ + =
(


Solving numerically,
15.27 =



PROBLEM 10.45
The telescoping arm ABC is used to provide an elevated platform for
construction workers. The workers and the platform together have a mass
of 204 kg, and their combined center of gravity is located directly
above C. For the position when
o
20 , = determine the force exerted on
pin B by the single hydraulic cylinder BD.

SOLUTION







In : ADE
0.9 m
tan
0.5 m
AE
DE
= =
60.945 =
0.9 m
1.0296 m
sin60.945
AD = =

From the geometry:
( ) ( ) 5 m sin , 5 m cos
C C
y y = =
Then, in triangle BAD: Angle BAD = +
Law of Cosines:
( )( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 cos BD AB AD AB AD = + +
or ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )
2 2
2
2.4 m 1.0296 m 2 2.4 m 1.0296 m cos BD = + +
( ) ( )
2 2 2
6.82 m 4.942cos m BD = + (1)



PROBLEM 10.45 CONTINUED
And then
( )( ) ( ) ( )
2 4.942sin BD BD = +

( )
( )
4.942sin
2
BD
BD


+
=
Virtual work: 0: 0
C BD
U P y F BD = + = Substituting ( )( ) 2000 N 5 m cos
B
F +
or
( )
cos
4047 N/m
sin
BD
F BD

(
=
(
+
(

(2)
Now, with 20 = and 60.945 =
Equation (1):
( )
2
6.82 4.942cos 60.945 20 BD = +

2
6.042 BD =
2.46 m BD =
Equation (2)
( )
( )
cos 20
4047 2.46 m N/m
sin 60.945 20
BD
F
(

=
(
+
(


or 9473 N
BD
F = 9.47 kN
BD
= F





PROBLEM 10.46
Solve Problem 10.45 assuming that the workers are lowered to a point
near the ground so that
o
20 . =

SOLUTION
Using the figure and analysis of Problem 10.45, including Equations (1) and (2), and with 20 , = we have
Equation (1): ( )
2
6.82 4.942cos 60.945 20 BD =

2
3.087 BD =
1.757 m BD =
Equation (2):
( )
( )
( )
cos 20
4047 1.757
sin 60.945 20
BD
F

=


10196 N
BD
F =
or 10.20 kN
BD
= F






PROBLEM 10.47
A block of weight W is pulled up a plane forming an angle with the
horizontal by a force P directed along the plane. If is the coefficient of
friction between the block and the plane, derive an expression for the
mechanical efficiency of the system. Show that the mechanical efficiency
cannot exceed
1
2
if the block is to remain in place when the force P is
removed.

SOLUTION




Input work P x =
( ) Output work sin W x =
Efficiency:

sin sin
or
W x W
P x P

= = (1)


0: sin 0 or sin
x
F P F W P W F = = = + (2)

0: cos 0 or cos
y
F N W N W = = =
cos F N W = =
Equation (2): ( ) sin cos sin cos P W W W = + = +
Equation (1):
( )
sin 1
or
sin cos 1 cot
W
W

= =
+ +

If block is to remain in place when 0, P = we know (see page 416) that
s
or, since
tan , tan
s
=
Multiply by cot : cot tan cot 1 =
Add 1 to each side: 1 cot 2 +
Recalling the expression for , we find
1
2






PROBLEM 10.48
Denoting by
s
the coefficient of static friction between collar C and the
vertical rod, derive an expression for the magnitude of the largest couple
M for which equilibrium is maintained in the position shown. Explain
what happens if tan
s
.

SOLUTION




Member BC: Have cos
B
x l =
sin
B
x l = (1)
and sin
C
y l =
cos
C
y l = (2)
Member AB: Have
1
2
B
x l =
Substituting from Equation (1),
1
sin
2
l l =
or 2sin = (3)
Free body of rod BC
For
max
, M motion of collar C impends upward

( )( ) 0: sin cos 0
B s
M Nl P N l = + =
tan
s
N N P =
tan
s
P
N

=

Virtual Work
( ) 0: 0
s C
U M P N y = + + =
( ) ( ) 2sin cos 0
s
M P N l + + =
( )
max
tan
2tan 2tan
s
s
s
P
P
P N
M l l

+
+

= =
or
( )
max
2 tan
s
Pl
M

=

If tan , ,
s
M = = system becomes self-locking



PROBLEM 10.49
Knowing that the coefficient of static friction between collar C and the
vertical rod is 0.40, determine the magnitude of the largest and smallest
couple M for which equilibrium is maintained in the position shown
when
o
35 , = 30 in., l = and 1.2 kips. P =

SOLUTION
From the analysis of Problem 10.48, we have
( )
max
2 tan
s
Pl
M

=
+

With 35 , 30 in., 1.25 kips l P = = =
( )( )
( )
max
1200 lb 30 in.
59, 958.5 lb in.
2 tan35 0.4
M = =


4996.5 lb ft =
4.9965 kip ft =

max
5.00 kip ft M =
For
min
, M motion of C impends downward and F acts upward. The equations of Problem 10.48 can still be
used if we replace
s
by .
s
Then
( )
min
2 tan
s
Pl
M

=
+

Substituting,
( )( )
( )
min
1200 lb 30 in.
16, 360.5 lb in.
2 tan35 0.4
M = =
+

1363.4 lb ft =
1.3634 kip ft =

min
1.363 kip ft M =




PROBLEM 10.50
Derive an expression for the mechanical efficiency of the jack discussed
in Section 8.6. Show that if the jack is to be self-locking, the mechanical
efficiency cannot exceed
1
2
.

SOLUTION



Recall Figure 8.9a. Draw force triangle

( ) tan
s
Q W = +
tan so that tan y x y x = =
( ) Input work tan
s
Q x W x = = +
( ) Output work tan W y W x = =
Efficiency:
( )
tan
;
tan
s
W x
W x

=
+

( )
tan
tan
s

=
+

From page 432, we know the jack is self-locking if
s

Then 2
s
+
so that ( ) tan tan 2
s
+
From above
( )
tan
tan
s

=
+

It then follows that
tan
tan 2

But
2
2tan
tan2
1 tan

Then
( )
2
2
tan 1 tan
1 tan
2tan 2

=
1

2