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UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM

DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PS 337: CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE STATE COURSE OUTLINE FOR 2012/2013 ACADEMIC YEAR SEMESTER I Instructors: Dr. Cosmas Mogella (CASS Tower, 4th Floor, Room # 408 Mr. Respicius Shumbusho Damian, CASS Quadrangular Building, Room # 01 Description Welcome to PS 337. This course orient students to the theoretical and practical debates related to the dynamics of relationship between civil society and state. The course begins with conceptual and theoretical issues that inform the justification of the meaning, nature and functions of civil society, and then it descends to the historical development of civil society institutions at global and domestic levels. From the historical perspective, the students are encouraged to examine the internal functioning of civil society organizations in Tanzania and other African countries. Specific attention will be paid to the policy and legal framework that guide the formation and functioning of civil society organizations in Tanzania. Finally, the course shall introduce the students to the current and popular Third Sector view of civil society and how justifiable it is in the context of Tanzanian civil society.
Course Objectives: We expect that at the end of the course, the students should first be able to extricate the concept of civil society, and to examine the root concepts which build up the meaning of civil society such as civil, civility, how the society becomes civil, and which society is civil. Secondly, they should be able to sketch up the philosophical development of the idea of civil society from the classical era to the 20th century. Third, the students should be able to trace the major historical landmarks that encouraged the emergence and flourish of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) on global and domestic political arenas. Fourth, the students should be able to examine how policy and legal frameworks facilitate (or hinder) the functioning of civil society in Tanzania. Fifth, students should be able to discuss the nature of state-civil society relationship in Tanzania. Sixth, students should be able to assess the efficacy and credibility of CSOs in carrying out their democratic functions in Tanzania. Seventh, students should e able to account for and assess the emerging approaches in conceptualizing the role of civil society in Tanzania today. Specific attention is placed on the rise of the third sector approach and how it relates to the current Global Civil Society (GCS) movement. Course Delivery: The course shall be run through face-to-face and virtual interaction between instructors and students as well as among students themselves. There will be two compulsory lectures and one seminar session for every student. The lectures will be on Wednesday 14:00 hours and Thursday 13:00 hours at Yombo 3. Each student is by mandate required register for the course including ARIS, LMS, and seminar registration before the third week of the semester. The interaction opportunity provided by the online course activities such as chats, forums, and wikis should be used for serious learning only. Course Assessment: The coursework shall account 40% while the final university examinations will account 60% of the total grade. The coursework includes a mid semester quiz (10%), the end of semester test (15%), Seminar presentation and write up (10%), and participation in both online and offline course activities (5%). All assignments must be submitted within one week after presentation, to the instructors E-mail: courseinstructorsubmit@gmail.com. Ethical Standards and Conduct: Issues including plagiarism, forging text, and any form of using others (or own) works without attribution constitute academic offense. The penalty for such conduct is a zero grade for all the concerned group members.

Course Readings: The list of compulsory readings has been provided after each topic/subtopic. These compulsory readings are available for download from http://lms.udsm.ac.tz/course. However, to get access to the LMS course, students must be registered in the UDSM-LMS, get a username, which will be your registration number, a password, and supply an enrollment key, which is society to get enrolled in the course. Students are also encouraged to read extra readings provided and visit credible Open Educational Resources (OERs) Repositories for accessing recent evidences.

Course Contents
Topic Topic 1: Meaning and Origins of Civil Society Theme/ cases and focus 1.1. The meaning of Civil Society
Basic Readings Larry Diamond (1994), Susan Shell (1994), John Harbeson (1994), Michael Bratton (1994), Gellner (1991) Don E. Eberly (ed) (2000), Larry Diamond (1994), Locke (1988), Barker, Sir Ernest (1906), Aristotle(1999) Benoit Smullyan (1938),

Topic 2: Philosophical Foundations of Civil Society

1.2. Other Related Concepts (civil, civility, Civil Society Organizations) 2.1. Classical Philosophers (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle) 2.2. Middle Ages Philosophers (St. Augustine Hippo (354 to 430), Thomas Aquinas (12251274), Martin Luther (1483-1546) /John Calvin(1509-1964) 2.3. Social Contract Philosophers (Nicole Machiavelli
(1439-1527), Thomas Hobbes (15881679), John Locke (1632-1704), Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712 - 1778)

Benoit Smullyan (1938),

Topic 3: The Concept of Civil Society in Africa

2.4. Renaissance Philosophers (David Hume (17111776), Emmanuel Kant (1724-1804) 2.5. The 19th Century Philosophers (George Friedrich Hegel (17701831), Alexis de Tocqueville (18051859), John Stuart Mills (1806-1873), Karl Marx (18181883) 2.6. The 20th Century Philosophers (Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937), John Rawls (1921-2002) 3.1. The changing States in Africa (primary state, merchant state, predatory state, the transitional state) 3.2. Relevance and Applicability of the Concept

David Hume (1748), Pawel Zeleski (2008); Also read, Unit 18 Civil Societies: Social Movements, NGOs and Voluntary Action, , Brian Underson (2003), Andreas Follesdal (1982) F.K. Drah Oquaye (1996), Patrick Molutsi (2002), John Harbeson (1994), Michael Bratton (1994), Walter Gam Nkwi (2006), Herberson, Rothchild and Chanzan (1994), chapter 6,7, and 13, Michael Bratton (1994) &(1988) Robert C. Post and Nancy L. Rosenblum (2001), pp. 1-25, Michael Bratton (1994) CIVICUS (2011), Country Report for Tanzania, John S Saul (1974), Siri Lange, Hege Wallevik and Andrew Kiondo (2001), Civil Society in Tanzania,

Topic 4: Dynamics of State-Civil Society Relations in Tanzania

Topic 5: The Current Civil Society in Tanzania

4.1. Theoretical Debate on State-Civil Society Relations (Liberal,, Marxist, and Feminist perspectives) 4.2. State Civil-Society Relations in Tanzania Pre-Colonial era (tribal arrangements) Colonial period (emergence) Period Post-independence to 1980s (suppression) 1990s to 2000s (expansion) Period After 2000, the emerging relations 5.1. The Major forms of Civil Society Organizations in Tanzania 5.2. The Legal and Policy Framework for Civil Society in Tanzania

Kabhele, Matlosa (2004), Ngwanza Kamata (2004), URT (2001), NGOs Policy, Robert Makaramba (2007), Evod Mmanda (2012), NaCoNGOs (2008)

Topic 6: Civil Society and Democratization in East Africa Topic 7: Civil Society as a Third Sector in Tanzania

6.1.The role of Civil Society in Democratic Transition 6.2. Comparative Analysis: Cases from Uganda and Kenya 7.1. The Rise of the Third Sector Approach 7.2. Strength, Weakness, and Challenges

Post and Rosenblum (2001), Genevieve Kyarimpa (2007), Mhina and Ndumbaro (2002), Charles N. Bwana (2010), Andrew Kiondo (2010), Karuti Kanyinga (2010) Mary Kaldor (2003b), Shirin Madon (1999), Muetzelfeldt and Smith (2002),Annete and Freise (2009) Issa Shivji (2004), Markus Sabadello (2011), Dragica Mikavica (2011), Paul Wapner (1995), Wild, Leni (2006), Defourny and Patrick Develtere (1999); Aga Khan Development Network (2007),

List of Course Readings Adam B Seligman (1992), The Idea of Civil Society, Macmillan Inc., New York, 1992 [Book not available-Rec] *Aga Khan Development Network (2007), The Third Sector in Tanzania, The Third Sector In Tanzania: Learning More About Civil Society Organizations, Their Capabilities Challenges, Chapters by Ndumbaro (2007), Introduction; Ndumbaro and Kiondo(2007), Defining the Non-profit Sector in Tanzania; Ndumbaro and Mvungi (2007), Estimating the Size and Scope of the Non-Profit Sector in Tanzania, Robert Makaramba (2007), The Legal Context for the Non-Profit Sector in Tanzania, also available at http://www.akdn.org/publications/civil_society_tanzania_third_sector.pdf *Aga Khan Development Network (2007), Enhancing the Competence and Sustainability of High Quality CSOs in Kenya, Aga Khan Devepment Network *Amitai Etzioni (1973), The Third Sector and Domestic Mission, Public Administration Review, Vol. 33 (4), pp. 314-334 *Amos Mhina and Laurean Ndumbaro (2002), Civil Society, Mass Media, and Elections in Tanzania, A paper presented at the Workshop on Transition to Democracy in East Africa, at Novotel Mount Meru- Arusha, 25-26 July 2002 *Ana Arana (2005), How the Street Gangs took Central America, Foreign Affairs *Anders Sjgren (1998), Civil Society and Governance in Africa - an Outline of the Debates, Working Paper no 1 from Research Programme Cities, Governance and Civil Society in Africa, Nordiska Afrikainstitutet *Andreas Follesdal (1982), John Rawl's Theory of Civil Disobedience, Masters' Essay, University of Oslo *Annette Zimmer and Matthias Freise (2009) Bringing Society Back In: Civil Society, Social Capital, and Third Sector, Muenster: Department for Political Science, University of Muenster *Aristotle (1999), Politics, (Traslated by Benjamin Jowett ), Kitchner: Batoche Books Benoit Smullyan (1938), A History of Political Theory, Part 2 and 3, American Political Science Series, Student Outlines [private copy available on request] *Brandes, Nikolai and Bettina Angels (2011). Social movements in Africa, Stichproben. Wiener Zeitschrift fr kritische Afrikastudien Nr. 20 (11) Jg. 1-15 *Bratton (1994),Civil Society and Political transition in Africa, Institute for Development Research Vol. 11 (6) *Brian C Underson (2003), The Antipolitical Philosophy of John Rawls, Public Interest No. 151, Spring 2003 CIVICUS (2006) Civil Society Iindext_ Analytical Country Report for Uganda CIVICUS (2011) Civil Society Iindext_ Analytical Country Report for Tanzania *Crawford Young (1994). In Search of Civil Society, in: John Harbeson, Donald Rothschild and Naomi Chazan (Eds.), Civil society and the state in Africa, Boulder: Lynne Rienner, pp. 33-50 *David Hume (1748), Of the Original Contract, available at http://www.constitution.org/dh/origcont.htm ( accessed 11th August, 2012). Don E. Eberly (Ed.) (2000), The Essential Civil Society: The Classical Essay, Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Chapter 1[private copy available on request]

*Dragica Mikavica (2011), Building Civil Societies to Build Peace: International Frameworks at Work in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Proceedings of IDIA2011, the 5th International Development Informatics, also available at http://ebookbrowse.com/building-civil-society-fox-rivera-sp1-pdf Ernest T. Mallya (2009), Civil Society Organizations, Incompetent Citizens, the State and Popular Participation in Tanzania, Journal of African Elections, Vol. 8 (2), pp. 103-125[private copy available in PS 610 Course Reader Vol. 2] *Evod Mmanda (2012), NGO Work in Tanzania: Highlights of Relevant Facts, Policies and Laws, KEPAs Working Paper No. 25, Helsinki: KEPA, retrieved from www. KEPA.FI, 22 August 2012 *F.K. Drah and Mike Oquaye (1996), The Concept of Civil Society in Africa: A View Point, Proceedings of the conference organized by the Institute of African Studies and the Fredric Elbert Foundation Gellner, E (1991), Civil Society and Political Renaissance in Africa, in John Harbeson, Donald Rothschild and Naomi Chazan (Eds.), Civil society and the state in Africa, Boulder: Lynne Reinner *Genevieve Kyarimpa (2007),Civil Society and Consolidation of Democracy in Uganda_Prospects for Consolidating Democracy, REDET (2005), Democratic Transitions in East Africa, Dar es salaam: E&D Limited *Godwin R. Muranga (2000), Civil Society and Democratic Experiences in Keya, aFRICAN sOCIOLOGICAL rEVIEW, Vol 4 (1) *Issa Shivji (2004), Reflections on NGOs in Tanzania: what we are, what we are not, and what we ought to be, Development in Practice, Volume 14 (5, ) pp. 689-695), *Jacques Defourny and Patrick Develtere (1999), The Social Economy: The Worldwide Making of a Third Sector (Chapter 1), in Jacques Defourny, Patrick Develtere and B. Fonteneau (eds), Lconomie sociale au Nord et au Sud, *John Harbeson (1994), Civil Society and Political Renaissance in Africa, John Harbeson, Donald Rothschild and Naomi Chazan (Eds.), Civil society and the state in Africa, Boulder: Lynne Rienner, pp. 33-50 *John Locke (1988), Two Treatises of Government, New York: Cambridge University Press. *John S Saul (1974), The State in Post Colonial Societies Tanzania, Socialist Register Kabhele, Matlosa (2004), Civil Society and Democratization in Tanzania, in Shumbane Karume (ed), Dilemmas of Political Transition: Towards Institutionalization of Multiparty Democracy in Tanzania, EISA Report No. 7, Johannesburg: EISA [private copy available on request] *Katusiimeh, Mesharch (2004), Civil Society Organizations and Democratic Consolidation in Uganda, African Journal of International Affairs *Larry Diamond (1994), Rethinking Civil Society Towards Democratic Consolidation, Journal of Democracy, Vol. 5, pp.3-17 Laurean Ndumbaro (2001), Defining the Non-Profit Sector: The Tanzania Experience, A paper presented on the Johns Hopkins Comparative Non-Profit Sector and East Africa Civil Society and Governance Projects, al Livingston Hotel: Bagamoyo, 30 November 1st December 2001(also available in PS 610 Course Reader Vol. 2) Mahmood Mamdani(1995). A Critique of the State and Civil Society Paradigm in Africanist Studies, in: Mahmood Mamdani and Ernest WambadiaWamba (Eds.), African Studies in Social Movements and Democracy, Dakar: CODESRIA, pp. 602616 [Book available at East Africana-Rec]. *Manuel Castells (2008), The New Public Sphere: Global Civil Society, Communication Networks, and Global Governance, The Annals of The American Academy, Paper No. 616 *Markus Sabadello (2011), ICT for Global Civil Society_Conceptualizing Civil Society and Its Global Perspective, Institute for Social and European Studies, Also avilable at http://projectdanube.org/wpcontent/uploads/2012/02/ICTs-for-a-Global-Culture-of-Peace.pdf Mary Kaldor (2003), Global Civil Society: An Answer to War, Malden, MA: Blackwell [Book not available-Rec] *Mary Kaldor (2003b). The Idea of Global Civil Society, International Affairs, Vol. 79(3), pp. 583-593 Michael Bratton (1988), Beyond the State: Civil Society and Associational Life in Africa, World Politics, Vol 41 (3), pp. 407-430. *Michael Bratton (1994), Civil Society and Political Transition in Africa, IDR Reports Vol. 11 (6), Institute for Development Research *Michael Goodhart (2005), Civil Society and the Problem of Global Democracy, in Democratization, Vol.12 (1), Page 1-21

*Michael Muetzelfeldt and Gary Smith (2002), Civil Society and Global Governance: The Possibilities for Global Citizenship, Citizenship Studies, Vol. 6 (1), Page 55-75 *Michael W. Foley and Bob Edwards (1996), The Paradox of Civil Society, Journal of Democracy Vol.3 (3), Page 38-52 *Muhittin Ataman (2003), The Impact of Non-State Actors on World Politics: A Challenge to Nation-States, Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations, Vol.2 (1), pp. 42-64 *National Council of NGOs (2008), The Non Governmental Organizations Code of Conduct, Dar es Salaam_National Council of NGOs Ngwanza Kamata (2004), Civil Society Organizations in Tanzania: A Classification, A Paper Presented at the Comparative Non-Profit Sector Project Workshop organized by the UDSM-Department of political Science and Public Administration and The John Hopkins University Centre for Civil Society Studies at Landmark Hotel: Dar es salaam, 9 July 2004(also available in PS 610 Course Reader Vol. 2- Consult Shumbusho) *Olaf Corry (2010), Defining and Theorizing the Third Sector, in Rupet Taylor (ed.), Third Sector Research, New York: Springer Publishers *Patrick Molutsi (2002), Civil Society in Southern Africa, Mwesiga Baregu and Christopher Landsberg (eds.), From Cape to Congo: Southern Africas Evolving Security Architecture, Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Reinner Publishers, pp. 159-169 *Paul Wapner (1995), Politics beyond the State: Environmental Activism and World Politics, World Politics Vol. 47, pp.311-340 *Pawel Zaleski (2008), Tocquville on Civil Society: A Romantic Vision of Dichotomy Structure of Social Reality, Felix Meiner Verlag, vol. 50

*Peter Wanyande (1997)The Media as Civil Society and Its Role in. Democratic Transition in Kenya, Africa Media Review, Vol. 10 (3)
REDET (2010), Democracy and Competition in East Africa, Read Chapters by Charles N. Bwana (2010), The Role of Civil Society and Mass Media in Elections: Civil Society and Political Competition in Uganda; Andrew Kiondo (2010), Civil Society and Political Competition in Tanzania; Karuti Kanyinga (2010), Contesting the Political Space: Civil Society and Transition to Democracy in Kenya (REDET Publications-Private copy may be availed on request) *Research on Poverty Alleviation (2007), Tanzanian Non-Governmental Organizations-Their Perceptions of Their Relationships with the Government of Tanzania and Donors, and Their Role in Poverty Reduction and Development, Dar es salaam: Mkuki na Nyota Publishers *Reynaldo R. Ty (2011), Human Rights, Conflict Transformation, and Peace Building: The State, NGOs, Social Movements, and Civil SocietyThe Struggle for Power, Social Justice and Social Change, Doctoral Dissertation, Northern Illinois University *Robert C. Post and Nancy L. Rosenblum (2001), (eds), Civil Society and Government, New Jersey: Princeton University Press (Introduction), pp. 1-25 *Robert Makaramba, (2004), The Legal Position of the Non Profit Sector in Tanzania; A Paper Presented at the Comparative Non-Profit Sector Project Workshop organized by the UDSM-Department of political Science and Public Administration and The John Hopkins University Centre for Civil Society Studies at Landmark Hotel: Dar es salaam, 9 July 2004 (also available in PS 610 Course Reader Vol. 2- Consult Shumbusho) *Robert Makaramba, (2007), The Legal Context of the Non Profit Sector in Tanzania; in Laurean Ndumbaro and Saida Yahya-Othman (eds), The Third Sector in Tanzania: Capabilities and Challenges of Civil Society Organizations; Dar es salaam: UDSM *Robert D. Putnam (1994), Social Capital and Public Affairs, Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 47, (8) ,pp. 5-19 Robinson, M. and G. White (1997). The role of civic organizations in the provision of social services: towards synergy. Helsinki: World Institute for Development Economics Research. *Sarah White (19, 99)NGOs, Civil Society and the State in Bangladesh , Development and Change Vol. 30, 307_326.

*Saras Jagwanth (2003), Democracy, Civil Society and the South African Constitution: Some challenges, Management of Social Transformations (MOST) Discussion Paper No. 65, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization *Sheri Berman (1997), Civil Society and the Collapse of Weimer Republic, World Politics, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 401-429 *Shirin Madon (1999) International NGOs: Networking, Information Flows and Learning, Journal of Strategic Information Systems, Vol. 8 (3), Page 251261 *Simone Chambers and Jeffrey Kopstein (2001) Bad Civil Society, Political Theory, Vol. 29 (6), pp.837-835 *Siri Lange; Hege Wallevik and Andrew Kiondo (2001), Civil Society in Tanzania, Research Report No.6, Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute of Development Studies and Human Rights

Steven M. Delue and Timothy M. Dale (2008), Political Thinking, Political Theory, and Civil Society, 3rd Edition, New York: Longman [Book not Available-Rec]
*Susan H. Williams (1997), A Feminist Reassessment of Civil Society," Indiana Law Journal, Vol. 72 (2), pp. 414-447, also available at: http://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj/vol72/iss2/5 Susan Shell (1994), Conception of Civil Society, Journal of Democracy, Vol.5 (3) *Thomas Carothers (1999), Civil Society: Think Again, Foreign Policy, Winter 1999/2000, Washington: Carnegie Endowment *Thue Makubuya and Marunda (2002) Study on the Civil Society in Uganda, NORAD *United Republic of Tanzania (2002) The Non-Governmental Organizations Act, Act Number 24 of 2002 *United Republic of Tanzania (2001) The National Policy On Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Dar es Salaam: Presidents Office *Valerie Bryson (2003), Feminist Political Theory, Palgrave: Macmillan *Walter Gam Nkwi (2006), The Dilemma of Civil Society in Cameroon Since 1990: Which Way Forward?, African Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 9 ( 1) *Wild, Leni (2006), Strengthening Global Civil Society, A paper presented on international conference held at the Rockefeller Foundations Bellagio Study and Conference Centre in Italy, July 2005 *Wild, Leni (2006), Strengthening Global Civil Society; A paper Presented at an international conference held at the Rockefeller Foundations Bellagio Study and Conference Centre in Italy, July2005

Softcopy of the Reading available in the LMS

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