Define Condenser: a machine that convert liquid to vapor Sp.

Gr : the density of the liquid to the density of water

Or the density of gas to the density of air

Dynamic viscosity: the friction between the layers of moving fluid

Or the force in dynes required to move 1 cm2 of the fluid 1 cm in 1 sec.

Reid vapor pressure: the pressure of air and fluid at 100 f True pressure; is the pressure of gas only and is greater than R.V.P
True V.P=(1.05:1.09) from R.v.p

Diesel index= cetane number

D.I=(API- aniline point)/100 The volume percent of normal cetane in a mixture of it with alpha methyl naphthaline ( ) Cetane C16H34 naphtahline CH3

Heat exchanger: Ideal fluid: Fire point: Flash point Pour point True or false
Gear pump is used in gasoline ( x )

The most losses in energy is in the stack of the Furnace Octane of iso p < n.p In h.ex (true) (x)

(true)

cp=cal/(Lb.f.sec.)

Cetane number of normal cetane >80 (x) (c.n = 100)

Choose
1- To increase the reflux ratio what about the heat removed from the cooler (decrease

increase or unaffected) uneffefcted

2- Characterization factor =12.5 (parrafine base- intermediate naphthenic)

parrafine base
3- True pressure is . reid vapor pressure( higher (5-10%) than lower (10-

20%) than equal)

higher (5-10%) than 20%

4- Excess air in furnace in case of N.g is ( 20-15-25 %)

Complete
1- Q=U * . * Tlm 2- API =141.5/(.) -131.5 3- 130 oC =1.8*130 -32 =.. oF 4- Furnace efficiency =Q

(A area) ( Spgr)

duty / Q fired out / work in

5- Pump efficiency = work 6- Sp.Gr =P*Mwt/ ZRT

Define the equipments

1- heat exchanger

2- expansion valve

3- control valve

1- tower 2- Condenser 3- Drain 4- reboiler

1