Exp# 6: DSB-SC and SSB Demodulators

Experiment 6
DSB-SC and SSB Demodulators
6.1 Educational Objectives:
Demodulating DSB-SC and SSB signals using product detector. Learning how to use product detector in communication receivers

6.2 Reference Readings:

Kennedy G., Electronic Communication Systems, McGRW-Hill, Third Edition, 1994, D. Roddy and J. Coolen, Electronic Communications, Prentice Hall of India, 1995. Young Paul H., Electronic Communication Techniques, Merrill Publishing Company, Third Edition 1990. Haykin Simon, Communication Systems, John Wiley, 4th Edition, 2001.

6.3 Background Information:

Fig. 6-1 shows the internal configuration of MC1496. The differential amplifier, Q5 and Q6, is used to drive the differential amplifiers Q1Q2 and Q3Q4. The constant-current source generator, Q7 and Q8, provides the differential amplifier Q5 and Q6 with a constant current. Overall gain of MC1496 can be controlled by externally connecting a resistor between pins 2 and 3. For DSB-SC or SSB demodulation, the DSB-SC or SSB signal should be applied to pins 1 and 4, and the carrier to pins 8 and 10. The bias current to pin 5 is commonly provided by connecting a series resistor from this pin to the power supply. Since the detector has two outputs (pins 6 and 12), one
Analog Communication Laboratory

6-1

Exp# 6: DSB-SC and SSB Demodulators

of the outputs can be used as the detector output and the other used for the use of automatic gain control (AGC).

Fig.6-1 LM1496 internal circuit Fig. 6-2 shows the product detector circuit with the MC1496 for DSB-SC or SSB demodulation. With some proper modifications, this circuit can also be used as an AM, FM, or PWM demodulator. The local carrier is applied to the inputs (pins 10 and 8) and its frequency should be exactly equal to the frequency of DSB-SC or SSB carrier. Since the amplitude of the modulated signal is typically within the range of 500 mVpp to 800 mVpp, it is enough to ensure that the detector operates in linear region. The resistor R5 connected between pins 2 and 3 determines the voltage gain of MC1496

Analog Communication Laboratory

6-2

Exp# 6: DSB-SC and SSB Demodulators

Fig.6-2 Product detector for DSB-SC and SSB signals. Since the signal generators in laboratory can not generate DSB-SC and SSC signals for our experiment requirements, we will use the DSB-SC modulator output of Fig. 5-1 and the SSB modulator output of Fig. 5-3 for our experiments 6-1 and 6-2, respectively. As mentioned in chapter 5, the SSB modulated signal could be obtained from the DSB-SC modulated signal by removing the upper band or lower band with a filter. Note that the load effect may be caused if the filter added directly. To eliminate this effect, the source follower used in the circuit of Fig. 5-1 is recommended to add between the filter output and the product detector input. Considering the SSB modulated signal connected to the input (pins 1 and 4) of LM1496, the SSB signal can be expressed by

And the input signal between pins 8 and 10 is

Analog Communication Laboratory

6-3

Exp# 6: DSB-SC and SSB Demodulators

Therefore the output signal of LM1496 at pin 12 will be

When this output signal passes through the low-pass filter constructed by C7, C9, and R9, the high-frequency components will be removed and the demodulated output signal becomes

From the equation above, we find that the LM1496 can demodulate the SSB modulated signal to recover the audio signal Amcosmt with a gain (kAc)2/4. To change the gain of demodulator, we can change the carrier amplitude or the resistance of R5 (value of k). Consider that a DSB-SC modulated signal is applied to input terminals (pins 1 and 4) of LM1496 and such signal may be expressed by

Analog Communication Laboratory

6-4

Exp# 6: DSB-SC and SSB Demodulators

And the carrier input signal (pins 8 and 10) is

Thus the output signal of LM1496 at pin 12 will be

High frequencies, the first and second terms on the right side of the equation above, will be removed by the low-pass filter (C7, C9 and R9) when this signal passes through the filter. Then the demodulated output becomes

6.4 EQUIPMENT REQUIRED

1. Module KL-92001. 2. Module KL-93003. 3. Oscilloscope. 4. RF Generator.

Analog Communication Laboratory

6-5

Exp# 6: DSB-SC and SSB Demodulators

6.5 Tasks to Study

Experiment 6-1 DSB-SC Product Detector

1. This experiment uses the modulated DSB-SC output of DSB-SC

Modulator circuit of experiment 5-1 as the DSB-SC input of product detector circuit. First, complete the DSB-SC modulator circuit.

2. Connect a 500mVp-p, 500kHz sine wave to the carrier input and a

500mVp-p, 1 kHz sine wave to the audio input of DSB-SC modulator. (Carry and audio signals should be adjusted alone before connecting to circuits, because if you adjust them during circuit testing, therell be loading errors)

3. Turn the VR1 of DSB-SC modulator to get a DSB-SC modulated

signal output.

4. Locate the DSB-SC and SSB Product Detector circuit on Module KL93003. Insert connect plugs in J1 and J3 to set R5=270 and R6=10k

5. Connect the carrier signal used in step 2 to the carrier input of product
detector. Connect the modulated output of DSB-SC modulator to the DSB-SC input of product detector.

6. Using the oscilloscope, observe the output signal and turn the VR1 of
product detector circuit to get minimum distortion, and record the result in Table 6-1.

7. Change the carrier to a 500mVp-p, 500kHz sine wave and the audio to
a 500mVp-p, 3kHz sine wave. Carefully turn the VR1 to get a DSBSC modulated output signal.

8. Repeat step 6 and record the result in Table 6-2. 9. Remove the connect plug from J1 and then insert it in J2 to change R5
(270 ) to R10 (330 ). Repeat step 6 and record the result in Table 6-3.
Analog Communication Laboratory

6-6

Exp# 6: DSB-SC and SSB Demodulators

10. Remove the connect plug from J3 and then insert it in J4 to change
R6 (10k ) to R11 (30k ). Repeat step 6 and record the result in Table 6-4.

Experiment 6-2

SSB Product Detector

1. This experiment uses the modulated SSB output of SSB Modulator

circuit of experiment 5-2 as the SSB input of product detector circuit. First, complete the SSB modulator circuit.

2. Insert connect plug in J2 to bypass ceramic filters. Connect a

500mVp-p, 457 kHz sine wave to the carrier input (I/P1) and a 500mVp-p, 2 kHz sine wave to the audio input (I/P2). (Carry and audio signals should be adjusted alone before connecting to circuits, because if you adjust them during circuit testing, therell be loading errors)

3. Turn the VR1 to get a DSB-SC modulated output (O/P). Remove the
connect plug from J2 and then insert it in J1 to recover the ceramic filters. The output signal will be the SSB modulated signal.

4. Insert connect plugs in J1 and J3 of product detector circuit to set R5

= 270 and R6 = 10 k .

5. Connect the carrier signal used in step 2 to the carrier input (I/P1) of
product detector, and connect the SSB modulated output to the SSB input (I/P2).

6. Using the oscilloscope, observe the demodulated output waveform

(O/P) and carefully turn the VR1 to get minimum distortion. Record the result in Table 6-5.

7.

Remove the connect plug from J1 and insert it in J2 to bypass the ceramic filters of SSB modulator. Change the carrier to a 700mVpp, 457 kHz sine wave and the audio to a 700mVp-p, 2 kHz sine wave. Turn the VR1 to get a DSB-SC modulated signal, and then remove the connect plug from J2 and inset it in J1 to recover the

Analog Communication Laboratory

6-7

Exp# 6: DSB-SC and SSB Demodulators

ceramic filters. Then the output signal will be the SSB modulated signal.

8. Repeat step 6 and record the result in Table 6-6. 9. Remove the connect plug from J1 and then insert it in J2 to change
R5 (270 ) to R10 (330 ). Repeat step 6 and record the result in Table 6-7.

10. Remove the connect plug from J3 and then insert it in J4 to change
R6 (10 k ) to R11 (30 k ). Repeat step 6 and record the result in Table 6-8.

Analog Communication Laboratory

6-8

Exp# 6: DSB-SC and SSB Demodulators

Table 6-1
(R5=270 , R6=10 k , Vc=500 mVp-p, Vm=500 mVp-p, fc=500kHz, fm=1kHz)

Analog Communication Laboratory

6-9

Exp# 6: DSB-SC and SSB Demodulators

Table 6-2
(R5=270 , R6=10 k , Vc=500mVp-p, Vm=500mV, fc=500kHz, fm=3kHz)

Analog Communication Laboratory

6-10

Exp# 6: DSB-SC and SSB Demodulators

Table 6-3
(R5=330 , R6=10 k , Vc=500mV, Vm=500mV, fc=500kHz, fm=1kHz)

Analog Communication Laboratory

6-11

Exp# 6: DSB-SC and SSB Demodulators

Table 6-4
(R5=330, R6=30 k , Vc=500mVp-p, Vm=500mVp-p, fc=500kHz, fm=1kHz)

Analog Communication Laboratory

6-12

Exp# 6: DSB-SC and SSB Demodulators

Table 6-5
(R5=270 , R6=10 k , Vc=500mVp-p, Vm=500mVp-p, fc=457kHz, fm=2kHz)

Analog Communication Laboratory

6-13

Exp# 6: DSB-SC and SSB Demodulators

Table 6-6
(R5=270 , R6=10 k , Vc=700mVp-p, Vm=700mVp-p, fc=457kHz, fm=2kHz)

Analog Communication Laboratory

6-14

Exp# 6: DSB-SC and SSB Demodulators

Table 6-7
(R5=330 , R6=10 k , Vc=500mVp-p, Vm=500 mV, fc=457kHz, fm=2kHz)

Analog Communication Laboratory

6-15

Exp# 6: DSB-SC and SSB Demodulators

Table 6-8
(R5=330 , R6=30 k , Vc=500mVp-p, Vm=500mVp-p, fc=457kHz, fm=2kHz)

Analog Communication Laboratory

6-16

Exp# 6: DSB-SC and SSB Demodulators

6.5 Questions:
1. How does the value of R5 in Fig. 6-2 affect the output amplitude? 2. How does the value of R6 in Fig. 6-2 affect the output amplitude? 3. What is the function of VR1 or VR2? 4. If the modulating frequency goes up, what components should be
modified for an undistorted demodulated signal?

5. May a peak detector be used in DSB-SC or SSB demodulation?

Analog Communication Laboratory

6-17