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SULIT
Answer The temperature at which substance change from solid to liquid Q2 C Solid + Liquid
0
Sub Mark 1 1 1
Mark 1
1 1 2
1 1
(e) 1
(f)(i) 1. Both axis are labeled and with correct unit 2. Correct shape of the curve and mark Q2
1 1
Q2
t1 (ii)
t2
Time(s) Masa(s) 1 1
Liquid X should be stirred continuously during cooling // the boiling tube containing liquid X should be placed inside the conical flask.
Total
4541/2 Scheme
SULIT
Mark
Mark
(b)
(c )
Atomic size E smaller than D//The number of proton in atom E more than atom D The force of attraction between proton and electron of atom E stronger Easier for atom E to accept electron 4A + B2 2A2B Correct formula of reactant and product Balanced High melting/boiling point //can conduct electricity in molten state or aqueous solution // soluble in water. Show different oxidation number // form coloured ion/compound //act as catalyst // form complex ion
1 1
(d) (i)
1 1 1
2 1
(ii)
(e)
TOTAL
4541/2 Scheme
SULIT
No.
Answer
Sub Mark
Mark
Ionic bond (i) 2.8.2 (ii) 2.8.7 7 CY4//CCl4 1. Nucleus for both atoms are label & all shells filled with correct number of electrons. 2. Sharing one pair of electrons
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 2 1 1 2
(e)
1. Melting point of compound Diagram 4 / XY2 is higher 2. Electrostatic forces between particles/ ions is stronger 3. More heat/energy required to overcome the forces
1 1 1 3 10
Total
Answer Formula that show the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in the compound Sample answer Zinc and hydrochloric acid (ii) Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2 - correct formula for reactants and products - balance the equation
Mark 1
2 (c) The air in the combustion tube must be displaced before lighting the hydrogen gas 1
4541/2 Scheme
SULIT
(d)
(i) Element Mass Number of mole Simplest ratio Empirical formula is XO (ii) XO + H2 X + H2O - correct formula for reactants - correct formula for products 2 Total 10 X 0.64 g O 0.16 g 1
0.64 64
1
0.01
0.16 16
1
0.01
Sub Mark 1 1 1
Mark 1
1 1 2 1
Insert a glowing splinter into the test tube. The glowing splinter rekindles. Copper
1 1
1
(ii)
(d)(i)
(ii) (iii)
Chlorine
1 2 11
1. Cl ion donate / loss 1 electron to form chlorine atom 2. Two chlorine atoms combine to form chlorine molecule/ gas
Total
4541/2 Scheme 6 (a) (b) (c) conical flask neutralisation (i) (ii) (d) (i) (ii) (e) Titration pink to colourless NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O sodium chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SULIT
No. of moles of NaOH = 25 x 1.0 // 0.025 mol 1000 1 mol NaOH react with 1 mol HCl // 0.025 mol NaOH react with 0.025 mol HCl Volume of HCl = 1000 x 0.025 cm3 // 25 cm3 1.0 Or VHCl = 1 x 1.0 x 25 1 1.0 = 25 cm3
1+1 1
(f)
Sulphuric acid is a diprotic acid // hidrochloric acid is a monoprotic acid produce same concentration of H+ ion
1 1 11
4541/2 Scheme 7 (a) (i) Electrod Q. Mark from negative battery to cathode // from anode to positive battery. (ii)Electrode P: Concentration of ions in the electrolyte. Electrode Q: Position of ion in the electrochemical series. (iii) Electrode P: iodine molecule//iodine Electrode Q: hydrogen molecule/gas//hydrogen P: 2II2 + 2e 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
SULIT
Q: 2H+ + 2e H2 Confirmatory test at P: - Starch solution is added into the solution around electrode P , -blue colouration / precipitate is formed (b) Cell X Type of cell Electrolytic cell The energy change Electrical energy to chemical energy The terminal of Positive terminal the cell / anode: Copper Negative terminal / cathode: copper Cu 2+, H+ SO4 2- , OHAnode: Thinner Cell Y Voltaic cell Chemical energy to electrical energy Positive terminal / cathode: copper
1 1
Negative terminal/Aluminium plate: thinner Positive terminal/Copper plate: brown deposit//brown solid is deposited//thicker Al plate/- terminal: Al Al 3+ + 3e Cu plate//+ terminal: Cu 2+ +2e
1 Cathode: brown deposit//brown solid is deposited//thicker Half equation for both electrodes Anode: Cu Cu 2+ + 2e Cathode: Cu 2+ +2e
1+1
Cu
4541/2 Scheme
SULIT
No. 8 (a)(i)
Answer Oleum 1. Moles of sulphur = 48 / 32 =1.5 2. 1 moles of sulphur produce 1 moles of SO2 // 1.5 moles of sulphur produce 1.5 moles of SO2 3. 1. 2. 3. Volume of SO2 = 1.5 24 dm3 // 36 dm3 Catalyst: Vanadium (V) oxide // V2O5 Temperature: 450 - 500oC Pressure: 1 atm
Sub Mark
Mark 1
1 1 1
(ii)
(iii)
1 1 1 1
(iv)
(NH4)2SO4 Urea % of nitrogen in ammonium nitrate = 2 x 14 x 100 % // 35% 80 % of nitrogen in urea = 2 x 14 x 100 % 60 // 46.7 %
1 1
1
4
(b)(i) (ii)
the percentage of nitrogen by mass of urea is higher Polymer is a long chain / big molecules made up of many repeating units / monomer PVC
H C H H C Cl n
1 1 1
Chloroethene
H C H C Cl H
1+1
(iii)
1. 2. 3. 4.
(iv)
Polymer not easily biodegradable / decomposed by bacteria Block / clog up the drainage system // causing flash flood Burning of polymer will produce toxic gas Gas dissolved pollutes the lake / river and making the water not suitable for aquatic organism. 1. Reused, recycle and reduce 2. Heating the polymer without oxygen / pyrolysis Total
1 1 1 1 1 1
20
4
2
4541/2 Scheme Question Explanation No 9 (a) Group 1, Period 2 one valence electron two shells occupied with electrons (b) Correct electron arrangement of 2 ions Correct charges and labeled +
X X X X X
X
SULIT Mark 1 1 1 1 1 X X X X XX
X X X X
Mark
XX
X
XX
A Electron arrangement of atom A is 2.1 to achieve octet electron arrangement atom A donate 1 electron to form A+
B 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
Electron arrangement of atom B is 2.7 Atom B accept 1 electron to form BA+ ion and B- ion are attracted to each other by a strong electrostatic force/ ionic bond
(c)
1. A crucible is filled with solid R until it is half full. 2. Two carbon electrodes are dipped in the solid R and connected to the batteries. 3. Switch is turned on and observation is recorded. 4. The solid R is then heated until it melts completely. 5. The switch is turned on again and observation is recorded. 6. Steps 1 to 5 are repeated using solid T to replace solid R. 7. Observations: R does not light up the bulb in both solid and molten states. T lights up the bulb in molten state only. R: naphthalene // any suitable answer T: lead(II) bromide // any suitable answer
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 20 10
TOTAL
4541/2 Scheme
No. 10(a)(i)
SULIT
Sub Mark 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 Mark
Answer
Burette yellow Mol of lead(II) ion = 5x1/1000 // 0.005 Mol of chromate(VI) ion = 5x1/1000 // 0.005 (ii) 1 mol CrO42Ionic equation : Pb2+ + CrO42 PbCrO4 1. Add sulphuric acid and then follow by iron(II) sulphate solution 2. Slowly and carefully add concentrated sulphuric acid 3. Brown ring form indicate the presence of NO3- ion Magnesium nitrate is a soluble salt // No precipitate is formed Compound formed when hydrogen ion from an acid is replaced by metal ions or ammonium ions Silver chloride // AgCl Double decomposition reaction (iii)
(iii)
3 2 1
1
1 1
-3
1
1 1 1 1 1
Ag+ + Cl - AgCl
1 20
TOTAL