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145145007fffd9}}}}}\pard\sb0\sl-240\par\pard\ql \li4757\sb0\sl-414\slmult0 \par\

pard\ql\li4757\sb0\sl-414\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4757\sb0\sl-414\slmult0 \par\pa

rd\ql\li4757\sb266\sl-414\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex96 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
5\f6\fs36 Capacitor Theory \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-283\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\
li1440\sb0\sl-283\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\ri1414\sb3\sl-283\slmult0 \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Any arrangement of \ul0\nosupe
rsub\cf6\f7\fs24 two conductors\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 separated by an \ul0
\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs24 electric insulator \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 (i.e., \
ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs24 dielectric\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ) is a \up0 \ex
pndtw-3\charscalex100 capacitor. An electric charge deposited on one of the co
nductors induces an equal charge of \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 opposite polar
ity on the other conductor. As a result, an electric field exists between the t
wo \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 conductor surfaces and there is a potential dif
ference between them. The electric field anywhere \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100
between the conductor surfaces is directly proportional to the magnitude of the
charge Q on the \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 conductors. And the potential di
fference V is also directly proportional to the \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs24 char
ge Q\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 . The \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ratio Q/V i
s thus a constant for any electric field distribution as determined by the shape
of the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 conductors, the distance of separation, an
d the dielectric in which the field exists. \par\pard\qj \li1440\sb0\sl-285\slmu
lt0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\ri1868\sb2\sl-285\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100
The ratio Q/V is called the capacitance, \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs24 C\ul0\nosup
ersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ,\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of a
particular arrangement of conductors and \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 di
electric. Thus, \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs24 C = Q/V\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24
, where Q and V are in units of coulomb and volt. C has the units \up0 \expndtw
-4\charscalex100 farad (F). \par\pard\li4867\sb472\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx6692\tx7
421 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex162 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 C\ul0\nosupersub\cf
3\f4\fs16
J\ul0\super\cf4\f5\fs24 r\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs16 J\ul0\super\
cf4\f5\fs24 o\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 A\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \
ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 (\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 F\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\
fs24 )\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 (\ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 farads\ul0
\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 )\par\pard\li4867\sl-216\tx5823 \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\cha
rscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs24 d\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\
pard\li1440\sb204\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupers
ub\cf1\f2\fs24 The simple theoretical expression for the capacitance value of a
parallel plate capacitor is where\par\pard\li1440\sb8\sl-276\slmult0\fi720\tx288
0\tx3600 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 A\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 =\tab
\up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 plate area [m\ul0\super\cf7\f8\fs22 2\ul0\nosuper
sub\cf1\f2\fs24 ] = cross section of electric field,\par\pard\li1440\sb7\sl-276\
slmult0\fi720\tx2880\tx3600 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 d\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\
charscalex100 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 distance between plates [m],\p
ar\pard\li1440\sb83\sl-184\slmult0\fi720\tx2880\tx3600 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscale
x100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs16 \t \dn2 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersu
b\cf7\f8\fs14 o\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 =\
tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 permittivity of free space = 8.854 x 10\ul0\su
per\cf7\f8\fs22 -12\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 F/m and\par\pard\li1440\sb99\sl184\slmult0\fi720\tx2880\tx3600 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf
3\f4\fs16 \t \dn2 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs14 r\tab \up
0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 =\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\cha
rscalex100 relative permittivity of the dielectric between the plates [dimension
less].\par\pard\ql \li1440\ri1295\sb249\sl-283\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscal
ex100 This calculated value is based on the assumption that the charge density o
n the plates is uniformly \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 distributed. In practi
ce there is always a concentration of charge along the edges. This charge \up0 \
expndtw-3\charscalex100 concentration is at the sharp corners of the plates. T
hus for a given voltage, the actual total \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 ch
arge is always greater than the theoretical total charge. \par\pard\sect\sectd\f
s24}