A Project Report On IT, IMPORT & EXPORT SOLUTIONS SUBMITTED TO INDIRA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, PUNE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF MARKETING MANAGEMENT COURSE. (2012) Guided By Prof. Sanjay Patil HEAD OF DEPARTMENT Prof. Pournima Tapas Submitted by Mr. Prashant Satish Singh.

INDIRA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, PUNE EMPLOYER

SPEARHEAD SOLUTIONS, PUNE.

CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the research project entitled IT, IMPORT AND EXPORT SOLUTIONS Submitted in partial fulfillment requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF MARKETING MANAGEMENT to INDIRA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, PUNE is a record if bonafide work carried out by Mr. PRASHANT SATISH SINGH student of MMM sem.II under my guidance and supervision. The candidate has satisfactorily prosecuted his project for not less than one academic session. The project work is the result of his Original work and his sufficiently high standard to warrant its Presentation for evaluation and adjudication for award of the degree.

PUNE Date: 08/22/20121

Research Guide Prof. Sanjay Patil Dr. Pandit Mali Director, Indira Institute Of Management Pune.

DECLARATION I Prashant Satish Singh a student of MMM part II of Indira Institute of Management, Pune hereby declare that I have worked on the project title IT, Import & Export Solutions During the session 2012-2013 in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of master Degree in Marketing Management of PuneUniversity.

I further declare that this is my original work and no such work has been done by anyone or published anywhere or has been submitted to any university or institute for the award of any degree.

Pune.

Signature of student Prashant Satish Singh.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Any research work is never an individual effort. It is contribution of many hearts, hands and heads. The project work of IT , Import & Export Solutions has been made possible through the direct and indirect co-operation of various persons whom I express my felt gratitude. I am greatly indebted and express profound gratitude towards my guide Prof. Sanjay Patil (Academic Project Guide),who suggested the problem and has been close and valued guide throughout ,in rectifying our mistakes and prove to be source of unending inspiration for which we are extremely grateful to her. I am sincerely thankful to Mr. Rahul Kumar (Director) of Spearhead Solutions for permitting us to do the project work and submitting the report in department and for being motivating to know the value behind the project. Last but not the least I am thankful to my parents, friends and all who have directly or indirectly extended there co-operation and suggestion in completing this project.

Prashant Satish Singh.

INDEX Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Chapter Introduction The potential of IT in Manufacturing Objective Research Methodology Company Profile IT, applications in Spearhead Solutions Import & Export Solutions Scope of the project Conclusions Limitations Bibliography Page No.

INTRODUCTION

A manufacturing business is devoted to the production of tangible objects that are high in quality and competitive in cost, meet customers' expectations for performance, and are delivered in a timely manner. Finding and achieving the appropriate balance among these attributesquality, cost, performance, and time to marketchallenge all manufacturing businesses. Those companies that are successful in meeting that challenge remain in business; those that are not usually disappear. In a manufacturing environment that is perhaps changing more rapidly now than during the Industrial Revolution, competing successfully, manufacturers increasingly provide customers with shorter times between order and delivery and between product conceptualization and realization, greater product customization, and higher product quality and performance, while meeting more stringent environmental constraints. Accomplishing these goals will require major changes in current manufacturing practices; such changes include the use of new and/or more complex manufacturing processes, greater use of information to reduce waste and defects, and more flexible manufacturing styles. This report outlines the application of information technology (IT) and Import and Export of fruits on domestic level (Inter-state) to improving the manner in which discrete manufacturing processes will be carried out in the 21st century. IT includes the hardware that computes and communicates; the software that provides data, knowledge, and information while at the same time controlling the hardware; and the interfaces between computers and the tools and machines on the manufacturing shop floor. products and processes (e.g., converting customer requirements and expectations into engineering specifications, converting specifications into subsystems), production (e.g., moving materials, converting or transforming material properties or shapes, assembling systems or subsystems, verifying process results), and manufacturing-related business practices (e.g., converting a customer order into a list of required parts, cost accounting, and documenting of all procedures). This report also discusses the need for nontechnology research to better understand human resource and other non-technical aspects of manufacturing. Spearhead Solutions provide business solutions in the following sectors: Website Development Software Solutions Import and Export of fresh fruits on domestic level Training & Recruitment Consulting Services.

THE

POTENTIAL

OF

INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY

IN MANUFACTURING

An enormous amount of information is generated and used during the design, manufacture, and use of a product to satisfy customer needs and to meet environmental requirements. Thus it is reasonable to suppose that the use of information technology can enable substantial improvements in the operation, organization, and effectiveness of information-intensive manufacturing processes and activities, largely by facilitating their integration (Figure ES.1). Equipment and stations within factories, entire manufacturing enterprises, and networks of suppliers, partners, and customers located throughout the world can be more effectively connected and integrated through the use of information technology. Information technology can provide the tools to help enterprises achieve goals widely regarded as critical to the future of manufacturing, including: Rapid shifts in production from one product to another; Faster implementation of new concepts in products; Faster delivery of products to customers; More intimate and detailed interactions with customers; Fuller utilization of capital and human resources Streamlining of operations to focus on essential business needs and Elimination of unnecessary, redundant, or wasteful activities The development and implementation of new information technology to meet these goals will be shaped by organizational, managerial, and human resource concerns that have prevented manufacturers from exploiting fully even the technology that exists today. Sensitivity to these concerns will be essential to the successful development and implementation of the information technology associated with visions of manufacturing for the 21st century. Information technology as a means to integrate various basic manufacturing activities. Information technology can be used to meet a range of needs of manufacturing decision makers). These needs suggest a research agenda with both technological and non-technological dimensions; the primary targets of this research agenda include:

Fig: Information technology as a means to integrate various

basic manufacturing activities.

Operational control of factories and their suppliers Tools for product and process design Modeling and simulation of the entire spectrum of factory operations (virtual Enterprise integration and use of other capabilities provided by the evolving

manufacturing), and National Information Infrastructure to support 21st-century manufacturing. Other aspects of manufacturing, specifically physical processes, are not addressed in this report except as they relate to information technology's potential role in controlling them.

Information Technology for ManufacturingDefinition and Elements Although there are many definitions of information technology (IT), this report defines IT as encompassing a wide range of computer and communications technologies. IT includes the hardware that computes and communicates; the software that provides data, knowledge, and information while at the same time controlling the hardware; and the robots, machinery, sensors, and actuators or effectors that serve as the interface between computers and the outside world, specifically the manufacturing shop floor. Note also that the

effective use of information technologies demands considerable investment in training and maintenance. Examples of IT include the following: Computers Workstation Mainframe Server Personal digital assistant Communications devices and infrastructure Telephone Local area network Wide area network Wireless network Software Operating system Artificial intelligence expert system for product configuration Computer-assisted design package Animation and simulation software Virtual reality simulations Software for total quality management and inventory control Scheduling package Sensors Machine vision Tactile and force sensors Temperature sensors Pressure sensors Actuators or effectors Robot arm Automated ground vehicle Numerically controlled cutter Microactuators Information technologies are focusing to an increasing degree on knowledge and information rather than data alone. That is, advances in information technologies over the last 40 years have enabled the manipulation and processing of increasingly abstract and higher-level forms of information. For example, industries cannot rely only on postmortem quality control data to detect product defects: modern quality assurance requires that potential problems be traced back through the manufacturing system for high-level analysis at each manufacturing unit. IT that is used in support of such an approach depends as much on knowledge and diagnosis as on simple data gathering.

Product Cycle in conventional Manufacturing systems

DESIGN
Need/ Forecast

Product Concept

Design

Part Prints/ Part Drawings

Order Materials and \ Machines Establishing Work Standards

Feedback

Order Tooling

Process Planning
Scheduling Manufacturing Operations

Marketing

Tool Tryout

Quality Control

PRODUCTION

Actual Production

OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT This project is emphasizing on the importance and the applications of information technology, Import & Export of Agricultural Products (consumable) which come in both business and personal use. The IT tools improve the quality of the product, help in increasing the business on a financial scale, and play a vital role in advertisement of business. In this project, I have briefed the work and business flow of Spearhead Solutions. The main purpose of this project is to study the following facts in the IT application and Import and Export of Consumable Agricultural goods (Mainly Fruits): How IT helps in maintaining coordination between different domains of the business?

How can it improve productivity, efficiency of the firm? What is the recent technology adopted by the firms?
Up to what level it is successful at different levels? Fruit market in India.

These and many different things can be studied by this project.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research is the process of systematic and in-depth study or research for any particular topic, subject or area of investigation, backed by collection, compilation, presentation and interpretation of relevant details or data. It is a careful search or inquiry into any subject or subject matter, which is an endeavor to discover or find out valuable facts, which would be useful for further application or utilization. Research may involved a scientific study or experimentation and result in discover or invention, which would aid either scientific development or decision making. It may also established relationship between variable and identified the ways and means for problem solving. In this project the following type of research is to be done. Exploratory or formulative research Exploratory research is a primary study of subject matter or investigation of the phenomena. It is not specific in nature but aims at understanding the broad contours of the subject. It is usually preliminary or pilot study and is followed by descriptive, experimental research. It does not have a formal and rigid design and as the research may have a formal and rigid design and as the research may have to change his focus or direction, depending on the availability of new ideas, new hypothesis, increasing the familiarity with the problem, assessing the feasibility of further studies etc. Descriptive research Descriptive research aims a fact-finding and more often is based on survey, its purpose to descriptive the present state of affairs of the topic of study. Data are collected by one or more of the method of observation, interview. Diagnostic research This type of study is similar to a descriptive study but emphasizes on discovery of what is happening, why is it happening and what can be done about it. It attempts to identify the causes of a problem and its possible solution. it used case study method or in-depth approach to discover the casual relations. It uses small sample sizes and very deep probing data gathering devices. Sources of data collection It includes primary and secondary data. Primary data Primary data can be collected either through experiment or survey. If the research conducts an experiment, he observes some quantity measurements, or the data, with the help of which he examines the truth contained in his hypothesis. In this project the primary data has been collected by the research conducted by me on the various IT solutions firms in Pune. This data was collected by the help of both- Online data and Field work research.

Secondary data A clear benefit of using secondary data is that much of the background work needed has been already been carried out, for example: literature reviews, case studies might have been carried out, published texts and statistic could have been already used elsewhere, media promotion and personal contacts have also been utilized. This wealth of background work means that secondary data generally have a pre-established degree of validity and reliability which need not be re-examined by the researcher who is re-using such data. In this project, I obtained the secondary data that was already available on the internet and some business magazines and news channels. It helped me determine the business of IT solutions in Pune Region.

COMPANY PROFILE Spearhead Solutions was established on 05/04/2012 by for young friends 1) ABHILASH CHOUDHARY, PGP, INDIRA SCHOOL OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT, PUNE. 2) ABHIJEET SINGH, PGP, INDIRA SCHOOL OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT, PUNE. 3) RAHUL KUMAR, PGP, INDIRA SCHOOL OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT, PUNE. 4) SUMIT SINGH, MBA, SINGHAD INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, PUNE. RAHUL KUMAR- FOUNDER DIRECTOR, SPEARHEAD SOLUTIONS. After pursuing his Bsc. In Biotechnology from Dr. D.Y Patil Institute, Pune, Rahul Kumar enrolled in PGP in Indira college in the batch of 2010-2012 and passed it with first class and was recruited by Nilkamals @Home Furniture Retail Chain as Store Manager in Ishanaya Mall, Pune. After working for about 2 years with the same organization and monitoring the small and big business needs of the people in pune, he came up with the idea of establishing his own firm in Pune that can earn from satisfying the small but essential business needs of business professionals in Maharashtra and other regions of India. ABHILASH CHOUDHARY- CEO, SPEARHEAD SOLUTIONS. After pursuing his Bsc. In Biotechnology from Dr. D.Y Patil Institute, Pune, Abhilash Choudhary enrolled in PGP in Indira college in the batch of 2010-2012 and passed it with first class and was recruited by Hardcastle GIS Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Pune as Area Sales Manager. He worked there for almost 16 months and later supported Rahul Kumar with is vision of establishing their own business and earn their living hood by working for themselves. ABHIJEET SINGH- GENERAL MANAGER, SPEARHEAD SOLUTIONS. After pursuing his Bsc. In Biotechnology from Dr. D.Y Patil Institute, Pune, Abhijeet Singh enrolled in PGP in Indira college in the batch of 2010-2012 and passed it with first class and was recruited by Bharti Airtel as Territory Manager for Thane Region, he later on switched to Gordrej & Boyce Mfg.Co.Ltd. (Home Appliances) as Area Sales Manager for Akola, Amravati, Vashim, Buldhana & Yevatmal regions of Maharashtra. After releasing his capability, his thoughts motivated him to work for himself on his own conditions and free to innovate and implement his ideas on an indefinite level took him to Rahul Kumar & Abhilash Choudhary who were not only his classmate in Graduation & Post-Graduation but also his friend form 7 long years. He says- When you share a mutual thinking, it becomes easier to work as a team and get the best results, thats what made me join Spearhead Solutions. SUMIT KUMAR- AREA SALES MANAHER & HR, SPEARHEAD SOLUTIONS. The Senior and the most experience person in Spearhead Solutions, was full of business ideas and innovations with a dream to bring them to reality joined Spearhead Solutions in the initial stage and he put up all his experience in helping Rahul Kumar, Abhilash Choudhary & Abhijeet Singh to conquer their vision. Vision -

To be the leader in services and solutions that enable and transform the way our customers operate.

Mission customers for life. To earn customers loyalty, we must listen to them, anticipate their needs and act to create value in their eyes. Spearhead Solutions is a forward looking company. It features an integrated team of professional having vital experience in each of the domain. We strive to loan peoples time and attention by putting customers at the heart of the solution.

IT APPLICATION IN MANUFACTURING AT MAHINDRA AND MAHINDRA

Today India is leading towards financial superpower. This happened only due to the wide increase in the industrial growth of India. Today production sector stands rank has a major share in development of Indian economic. Day by day this sector is increasing with great pace. It is been notice that though there is a tremendous growth in industrial sector. In many firms the process of production and manufacturing is older and ancient in order to cope up with increased composition in global level. India should go for the automation of manufacturing process. This can be achieved with the help of proper used of IT technology and MIS. This makes easier the following things. 1. Transfer of information. 2. Increased speed of manufacturing. 3. Optimum use of resources. 4. Simplification of complex processes. 5. Cost reduction 6. Decrease in scrap and wastage. 7. Quality Control. 8. Inventory management In the following report we are going to study each aspects of the use of IT system in manufacturing sector with the reference of workflow done by Spearhead Solutions in Mahindra and Mahindra CAD/CAM/CIM SAP Modules Quality Management Production Planning management Warehouse Management HRIS

Manufacturing Environment

Finance, Costing, sales and Marketing, Purchase, Vendors, Sub contracting, Personnel and HR

Business data Processing system

CIM Technologies Computer Networks System Design and Analysis Distributed processing Database management and back up Modeling and simulation systems Expert systems, Quality engineering

Top level Prod planning Production Management MRP, JIT BOM Capacity Planning (CRP) Inventory and its control

Computer Aided Design (CAD)

Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)

Solid Modeling, Parametric modeling Computer Graphics, Graphic Standards, IGES, DXF Analysis tools, FEM, FEA, Testing and field Analysis

Manufacturing Systems
Production roll out, Machining and Assembly Material Handling, Loading, Scheduling, Balancing, Capacity planning, Quality control

Process Planning, Production planning, CNC part programming Robot Programming CMM Programming

COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN (CAD) Computer-aided design (CAD) involves creating computer models defined by geometrical parameters. These models typically appear on a computer monitor as a three-dimensional representation of a part or a system of parts, which can be readily altered by changing relevant parameters. CAD systems enable designers to view objects under a wide variety of representations and to test these objects by simulating real-world conditions. Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) uses geometrical design data to control automated machinery. CAM systems are associated with computer numerical control (CNC) or direct numerical control (DNC) systems. These systems differ from older forms of numerical control (NC) in that geometrical data is encoded mechanically. Since both CAD and CAM use computer-based methods for encoding geometrical data, it is

possible for the processes of design and manufacture to be highly integrated. Computer-aided design and manufacturing systems are commonly referred to as CAD/CAM.

Advantages CAD is faster and more accurate Model development and associated activities like Drafting are easy and accurate Manipulation of dimensions, attributes are easy Repetition of entities is eliminated Model accuracy reduces assembly problems Usage of standard components, sub assemblies speed up design Enhances 3D visualization greatly Design modification is easy and less time consuming

CAD is used throughout the engineering process from conceptual design and layout, through detailed engineering and analysis of components to definition of manufacturing methods. Dominantly, the automotive and aerospace industries form the leading forces for CAD development. Mahindras provides complete range of CAD services specific to industries like Aerospace, Automotive and General Engineering. The team possesses expertise in initial feasibility study, layout preparation, detailed design and manufacturing techniques. The added advantage of familiarity with international designs and practices makes us the right partner when you wish to offload your jobs or need to augment your design teams. We have numerous team members who have worked overseas for automotive and aerospace giants and constitute a veritable knowledge base of international design practices and work culture. The design group primarily works on CATIA, I-DEAS, Pro/Engineer, CADDs5, PDGS, ICEM-SURF and Unigraphics and offers a broad range of specialized services: Class A Surfacing 3D Modeling 2D Detailing Packaging Studies BIW/Trim Development CFD Model Preparation Reverse Engineering PDM Drawings

In Mahindra and Mahindra Product Development Measurement (PDM) technique is used to draw the design the machines and that entries are taken into SAP module.

COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING (CAM) Application of computers to help design, develop, manage, control, manufacturing systems is called Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) Manufacturing Processes Mass Production Batch Production Job Shop or One off production

Mass Production Large lots of production High volume production, from thousands to millions Specialized manufacturing or assembly lines Short production time High production efficiency Higher initial costs Lower running costs

EX: Automobiles, two wheelers, Consumer products

Batch Production Medium Lots Typical batch size is from 100 to few thousands Special purpose machines are employed High productivity Can handle product variety with ease High job satisfaction Fairly lower product costs

EX: machine tools, Aircrafts, Vitrified tiles,

Job Shop Production Small lots or one off Lot size can be one unit or few tens of units

General purpose machines Usually part will be big or intricate Production costs are high Longer lead times

Advantages of CAM Integrated with Design makes changes easy to incorporate Greater productivity Flexibility in manufacturing processes Shorter lead times Less down times and hence better productivity Reduced maintenance (Self diagnostic tools and monitoring facilities built in) Reduced scrap and rework (dry runs and CAM simulators) Better utilization of machines

CAD/CAM Integration Engineering design and manufacturing use CAD/CAM software for three distinctly different purposes:

Design ModelingA mechanical design engineer uses CAD software to create a part. This
definition of the part can be called its model. This model can be represented as a drawing or a CAD data file.

Manufacturing ModelingA manufacturing engineer or NC programmer uses CAD

software for a number of important tasks. Perhaps most common is to develop a computer model of a part that was previously defined only by a drawing. Another common task is to evaluate and repair existing CAD data so that it is usable for manufacturing functions. Manufacturing engineers also sometimes create new part models from the original design to allow for manufacturability. This includes adding draft angles or developing models of the part for different steps in multi-process manufacturing. And, of course, someone on the manufacturing side must design models of fixtures, mold cores and cavities, mold bases and other tooling.

NC ProgrammingA manufacturing engineer or NC programmer uses CAM software to

select tools, methods and procedures to machine the models defined in the manufacturing modeling section described above. Note that whoever performs manufacturing modeling is usually the same person that performs NC programming.

COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING (CIM)

Definition Computer Integrated Manufacturing, known as CIM, is the phrase used to describe the complete automation of a manufacturing plant, with all processes functioning under computer control and digital information tying them together. It was promoted by machine tool manufacturers in the 1980's and the Society for Manufacturing Engineers (CASA/SME). Quite often it was mistaken for the concept of a "lights out" factory. It includes CAD/CAM, computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing, CAPP, computer-aided process planning, CNC, computer numerical control machine tools, DNC, direct numerical control machine tools, FMS, flexible machining systems, ASRS, automated storage and retrieval systems, AGV, automated guided vehicles, use of robotics and automated conveyance, computerized scheduling and production control, and a business system integrated by a common data base.

Computer integrated manufacturing can include different combinations of the tools listed above. The Issues One of the key issues regarding CIM is equipment incompatibility and difficulty of integration of protocols. Integrating different brand equipment controllers with robots, conveyors and supervisory controllers is a timeconsuming task with a lot of pitfalls. Quite often, the large investment and time required for software, hardware, communications, and integration cannot be financially justified easily. Another key issue is data integrity. Machines react clumsily to bad data, and the costs of data upkeep as well as general information systems departmental costs is higher than in a non-CIM facility. Another issue is the attempt to program extensive logic to produce schedules and optimize part sequence. There is no substitute for the human mind in reacting to a dynamic day-to-day manufacturing schedule and changing priorities. Pragmatic Applications It might be more prudent for a company to begin the process of computer integration with CAD/CAM and an integrated business data base. There are many reliable and proven CAD/CAM software packages available, as there are integrated business software systems. Taking small steps instead of a wholesale CIM approach is advisable. POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF CIM Improved customer service Improved quality Shorter time to market with new products Shorter flow time Shorter vendor lead time Reduced inventory levels Improved schedule performance Greater flexibility and responsiveness Improved competitiveness Lower total cost Shorter customer lead time Increase in manufacturing productivity Decrease in work-in process inventory

Product Cycle in Computerized Manufacturing Environment

CIM
Need Forecast Customer Feedback Marketing Product Concept New Equipment Material Requirement Planning Geometric Modeling CAD CA Process Planning CNC part program CNC M/c Allocation CA Inspection and QA Finite Element Analysis

CAD

Product Documentation Proving (Simulation)

CA Tool Design CA Scheduling

Tool Mfg., and Tryout CA Work Standards

Robots, Material Handling eqpts.

Production CAM

SAP Modules SAP is known as System Application Programming. The following are the various SAP modules which are use in manufacturing PM Plant Maintenance Labour Material Down time and outages

MM Materials Management Requisitions Purchase orders Goods receipts Accounts payable Inventory management Master raw materials, finished goods etc

QM Quality Management improve the quality of your goods, including Planning Execution Inspections Certificates

PP Production Planning manages production process, including Capacity planning Master production scheduling Material requirements planning Shop floor

SD Sales and Distribution from order to delivery, including RFQ Sales orders Pricing Picking (and other warehouse processes) Packing Shipping

HR Human Resources Employment history Payroll Training Career management Succession planning

And more.