Figure 1: Dynamic ow system Figure 1 shows the system to be modeled mathematically from rst principles of thermodynamics.

As shown in the gure there are two sub-systems separated by a movable boundary. Gas side is a closed system and oil side is a open system. Once charged with the gas there is no mass transfer of gas from the gas side. But, during operation the oil ows in and out continuously depending on the external system requirements. A mathematical model needs to be developed to simulate the pressure, volume and temperature of both oil and gas.
Assumptions:

1. Initial gas pressure P0 (Pa), volume V0 (m3 ) and temperature T0 (K) are known, i.e, the system is charged at these conditions before begining operation 2. Heat and work transfer takes place between gas and oil 3. No heat and work transfer between system and surroundings 4. Voil and Toilin are known inputs 5. Voil is positive when it enters the chamber and negative when it leaves the chamber 6. Gas obeys the ideal gas law 7. All physical and thermodynamic properties of oil and gas are known Since, the gas obeys the ideal gas law and also we know the initial conditions, the mass of the gas is determined as follows,
N= P0 V0 Ru T0

(1) (2)

mgas = M N

where, N = number of moles M = molar mass of gas (kg/mol) Knowing the temperature and volume of gas at any given instant, the pressure of the gas is given as,
Pgas = N Ru Tgas Vgas

(3)

Since, the total volume of the accumulator is constant we have,

Vacc = Voil + Vgas

(4)

Integrating Voil , which is a known input, gives the volume of oil in the system at that given instant. Knowing Voil , Vgas then can be determined from equation 4 at that time instant. Dierentiating equation 4 we get, Vgas = Voil

(5)

Now, applying rst law of thermodynamics to the closed system (gas side) we get,
mgas Cvgas dTgas = Qnetgas + Wnetgas dt

(6)

Integrating the equation 6 gives the variation of temperature of gas with time. Assuming gas is at a higher temperature than oil, the net heat transfer between gas and oil is given as,
Qnetgas = hA(Tgas Toil )

(7)

When the oil moves in the chamber, gas is compressed and when the high pressure gas expands, oil moves out to do work against the external load. As a result P dV work is involved. The boundary work is given as,
Wnetgas = Pgas Vgas

(8)

The mass ow rate of oil is given as,

moil = Voil oil

(9)

Integrating equation 9 gives the mass of the oil at any instant. 2

Now, applying the rst law of thermodynamics to the open system (oil side) we get,
moil Coil dToil = Qnetoil + Enetoil dt

(10)

Integrating the equation 10 gives the variation of temperature of oil with time. Thus, equation 3 gives the pressure of the gas and hence the pressure of the oil, 6 gives the temperature of the gas and equation 10 gives the temperature of oil.

Qnetoil = Qnetgas , Enetoil is the energy transfer due to mass ow For oil coming in, Enetoil = moil Coil Toilin net = moil Coil Toil For oil moving out, E oil

where,