Muscles of the head and neck NAME Epicranius Frontalis ORIGIN Galea Aponeurotica Mastoid and Occipital Orbit

it Zygomatic bone Zygomatic bone Maxilla and Mandible Maxilla and Mandible Maxilla Mandible Zygomatic Arch Temporal bone Inferior aspect of the skull Inferior aspect of the skull Sternum & Clavicle INSERTION Skin above the supraorbital Margin Galea Aponeurotica Circular Path of Orbit Angle of mouth Upper lip Angle of mouth Angle of mouth Angle of mouth Angle of mouth Mandible Mandible Mandible Mandible Mastoid process of the temporal ACTION Draws scalp anteriorly Raises eyebrows Wrinkles forehead Draws scalp posteriorly Closes and opens eyes Raises angle of mouth as in smiling Elevates upper lip Exposes maxillary teeth Compresses cheeks when blowing, whistling Closes mouth; puckers the lips Elevates upper lip Depresses angle of mouth Raises jaw Closes jaw; elevates mandible Raises jaw Lowers jaw One muscle: Flexes head Both muscles: rotates the head towards the opposite side of the shoulder Extends head and neck Elevates and protrudes lower lip Frowning Moves the ear Extends and rotates head Overextends head & neck Inverts lower lip, angle of mouth Elevates & retracts tongue Depresses & protracts tongue Retracts & elevates hyoid

Occipitalis

Orbicularis Oculi Zygomaticus Major Zygomaticus Minor Buccinator (Mastication) Orbicularis Oris Levatorlabiisuperiosis Depressor Angulioris Masseter Temporalis Medial Pterygoid Lateral Pterygoid Sternocleidomastoid

Trapezius Mentalis Risorius Auricularis Anterior Semispinales Capitis Splenius Capitis Platysma Styloglossus Genioglossus Stylohyoid Muscles of the trunk NAME Erector Spinae Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis Scaleneus Internal Intercostalis External Intercostalis Rectus Abdominis

Skull, Vertebral Column

Scapula

ORIGIN Vertebrae, Pelvis

INSERTION Superior vertebra, ribs

ACTION Maintains erect posture of the vertebral column

Cervical vertebra Ribs Ribs Pubis

First two ribs Next rib Next rib Sternum; 5th & 7th rib

Raises ribs and expands thorax Expands Thorax Compresses thorax Flexes the vertebral

Transversusaddominnis Internal Oblique External Oblique Trapezius Rhomboideus Levator Scapula Serratus Anterior Pectoralis Major

Pectoralis Minor Teres Major Latissimusdorsi Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Diaphragm Levator Ani Spinales group of muscles

Last 5 or 6 ribs Iliac Crest Last 8 ribs Skull, vertebral column Vertebrae Vertebrae Ribs Sternum, Clavicle, first 6 ribs Ribs Scapula Vertebrae Scapula Scapula

Pubis Last 3 ribs Iliac Crest Scapula Scapula Scapula Scapula Greater Tubercle of the humerus Scapula Humerus Humerus Humerus Humerus

column; Increases pressure of the abdomen Compresses abdomen Compresses abdomen Compresses abdomen Extends the head and rotates scapula Retracts the scapula Raises the scapula Protracts the scapula Prime mover of arm flexion; abducts 7 medially rotates arm Depresses the scapula Extends shoulder Extends shoulder and adducts arm Abducts arm Extends and rotates arm Laterally rotates arm Regulates the breathing Defacation Maintains erect posture of the vertebral column

Muscles of the upper extremities NAME Deltoid Biceps Brachii Triceps Brachii ORIGIN Scapula, Clavicle Coracoid Process of Scapula Humerus and Glenoid Fossa Humerus Humerus Humerus and Coronoid Process of Ulna Medial Epicondyle of Humerus Humerus Medial Epicondyle of Humerus and Ulna Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus Medial Epicondyle of Humerus Lateral INSERTION Humerus Proximal Radius Olecranon Process of Ulna Coronoid Process of Radius Styloid Process of Radius Radius 2nd and 3rd metacarpal 2nd and 3rd metacarpal Pisiform, Hamate, base of 5th metacarpal 5th Metacarpal ACTION Abduct arm; flexes and extends shoulder Flexes elbow; supinates arm Extends forearm (antagonist of Biceps Brachii) Flexes arm Flexes forearm (Synergist of Brachialis) Pronates forearm

Brachialis Brachioradialis Pronator Teres

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Flexes wrist and abducts hand Extends and abducts wrist Flexes and adducts hand at wrist joint

Extensor Carpi Radialislongus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Extends and adducts wrist

Palmaris Longus

Extensor Digitorum

Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis Distal phalanges of

Weakly flexes hand at wrist longus Extends, adducts and

epicondyle of Humerus Anconeus

2nd and 5th digits

flares fingers Extends forearm; stabilizes the elbow joint

Antero-Medial Muscles of the hip and lower extremities NAME Iliopsoas Sartorius Abductors: Magnus Longus Brevis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Vastus Lateralis ORIGIN Vertebrae, Ilium Iliac Spine INSERTION Femur Tibia ACTION Flexes hip Flexes and laterally rotates hip; flexes knee Abducts, flexes and laterally rotates thigh (synergist of thigh extension) Extends knee & flexes hip Extends knee Ischial Tuberosity Extends knee Extends knee 1st Cuneiform and 1st metatarsal Distal Phalanges Tarsal and Metatarsals Dorsiflexes foot (prime mover) and Inverts foot Dorsiflexes foot Plantar flexes and everts foot

Ischial and Pubic Rami Pubis Body of Pubis Pubis Greater trochanter of femur Femur Femur Tibia Tibia and Fibula Fibula

Linea Aspera of Femur

Vastus Medialis Vastus Intermedius Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorumlongus Peroneus (Fibularis)

Posterior muscles of the hip and lower extremities NAME Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Tensor Fasciae Latae Hamstrings Biceps Femoris Semitendonisus ORIGIN INSERTION Ilium, Sacrum and Greater Trochanter of Coccyx Femur Ilium Greater Trochanter of Femur Iliac Crest Tibia Ischial Tuberosity and Femur Ischial Tuberosity Ischial Tuberosity Femur and Knee Capsule Tibia and Fibula Femur Head of Fibula Proximal Tibia Proximal Tibia Calcaneus Calcaneus Calcaneus ACTION Extends and laterally rotates thigh Abducts and medially rotates thigh Flexes and abducts thigh Extends thigh and laterally flexes knee Extends thigh, flexes knee and laterally rotates leg Extends thigh, flexes knee and laterally rotates leg Plantar flexes foot Plantar flexes foot Plantar flexes foot and flexes leg at knee joint

Semimembranos us Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum

NAME Levatorani Pubococcygeus

ORIGIN Pubis

INSERTION Coccyx, Anal Canal, Urethra 7 central tendon of perineum

ACTION Constricts anus, urethra and vagina; Resists Increased intra-abdominal pressure; Supports fetal head during childbirth

Iliococcygeus Coccygeus

Iliac Spine Ischial Spine

Coccyx Lower sacrum and coccyx

Superior transverse perineus Bulbospongiosus

Ischial Tuberosity Central tendon of perineum

Central tendon of perineum Males: corpus spongiosum of penis

Supports pelvic viscera; resists intra-abdominal pressure; pulls coccyx anteriorly after defacation or childbirth Stabilize central tendon of perineum Males: aids in urine and semen expulsion; erection of penis Females: constricts vaginal orifice and assists in erection of clitoris Erection

Females: pubic arch and clitoris Ischiocavernosus Ischial Tuberosity Penis or Clitoris