CONCRETE

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RECYCLING CENTRE
Tommy Jae Wuk Shin
A straight forward defnition of what it means
to act sustainably triggered this design project
that is: take what we need to live now without
jeopardizing the potential for people in the
future to meet their needs.
Construction materials demand a great deal
from our natural resources. The rate at which
the world is using raw materials, such as
cement, steel and wood, is increasing globally
and in New Zealand. The consequence of this
process of manufacturing natural resources and
turning them into construction materials causes
signifcant pollution and energy use. found that
one of the possible ways to reduce the overall
energy consumption and pollution is to look at
the life span of construction materials. There is
a one-way life cycle of most building materials
in New Zealand, frst they are extracted as
raw materials, then manufactured into building
materials, then used for a building, but once
the building no longer serves a purpose, the
building is demolished and the materials often
end up in a landfll. This one-way life cycle
has several consequences including flling
landflls and triggering further natural resource
extraction. discovered through my research
that construction and demolition waste is
responsible for more than a quarter of the total
waste in landflls in the world.
To address this problem my proposed building uses recycled construction materials. Through this proposal aim to end the one-way life cycle of construction materials and turn it instead into a loop by adopting recycling and reuse methods. By adopting this proposal and using these building methods,
it would reduce energy use by reducing the demand for new materials made from raw resources, it would reduce the waste in landflls by reusing and recycling construction materials, and ultimately it would save natural resources for future generations. Christchurch will soon be in a major rebuilding
process, but currently there is a great deal of demolition in progress. This proposal is very appropriate for this situation, where there is a massive amount of material waste created due to the on going demolition. Through this proposal aim to show how recycled materials could be used in future
buildings. The program for the building is a recycling centre which includes education, administration and a recycling plant. The building is designed as a showcase for the use of material waste and aims to promote recycling materials. A key driver for this project is to minimize impact on the environment
through the proposed architecture. A range of demolished construction materials were used in this proposed building including concrete debris and recycled timber. The overall architectural response and experience is to expose and promote the many ways of recycling different materials.
DETAIL01: Concrete debris embedded lime mortar wall
DETAIL02: CLTwall panel joint
DETAIL03: Gabion wall CLTroof panel
Event hall
Exhibition
Function room
11 Lounge (kitchen for staffs)
12 Lounge (TV for staffs)
13 Waiting space
14 Office
15 Manager space
16 Meeting space

1 Seminar space
2 Library
3 Secondary reading space
4 Cafe
5 Cafe (outdoor)
6 Entrance for staffs
7 Plant
8 Loading lane
9 Storage
10 Hybrid space
Gabion wall
Concrete debris embeded lime mortar wall
Cross laminated recycle timber wall

11
12 13
14
16 15
UP
1
2
3 4
5
6
10
8
7
9 Section
Section
Detail 01 Detail 02 Detail 03
N
N
Slab rebar
Concrete foundation
floor containing
recycled aggregate
300 mm
CLT wall panel
Base point
sole bracket
Link
Pile
Gabion wall containing reused concrete debris 1000mm thick
500 x 500 mm LVL column
Anchor
connector
Metal plate
connector
Waterproof
membrane
CLT roof
panel
300 mm
Retained
used window
Reinforcement rod 1000mm Wall
containing
retained concrete
debris and
lime mortar
200mm thick
CLT lintel
Reinforcement
mesh
PLANS AND SECTION HYBRID SPACE PLAN VARIATIONS DETAILS
PLAN LEVEL 1
PLAN LEVEL 2
SECTION
PLAN, SECTION AND DETAIL
0 500mm
0 10m
DESIGN CONCEPT
E
E+A A
A+P E+A+P
E+P
P
E
E+A A
A+P E+A+P
E+P
P 1
2 3
4
5
7
6
8
9
10 11
12
13
14
PROGRAM BAR PROGRAM RELATIONSHIP
DIAGRAM
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
THREE MBIUS STRIPS
Each strip represents a recycling method,
they are joined together to create overlap
and integrated relationship.
Yellow =
Concrete Debris Embedded Lime Mortar
Wall
Red = Recycled Timber
Blue = Recycled Concrete Gabion Wall
THREE DIFFERENT PROGRAMS
There are three distinct programs and an
overlap space.
Yellow = Educational space
Red = Administration space
Blue = Plant space
Green = Overlap and hybrid space
PROGRAM AND MATERIAL
Each strip is assigned a program and a
material. The overlap area creates a hybrid
space which can be used for a range of
different programs including exhibitions,
events and storage. The Architectural
response and experience is explored through
the use of different materials and programs.
E = Educational Space
A = Administration Space
P = Plant Space
PROGRAM ARRANGEMENT
E = Seminar Space, Library, Cafeteria, Lobby
A = Offce (Entrance And Lobby)
P = Plant, Loading Zone, Storage
E+P = Hybrid Space
E+A+P = Hybrid Space
E+A = Lounge For Offce Staff
A+P = Offce
1. Exhibition - 800m2
2. Seminar space - 100m2
3. Seminar space - 300m2
4. Experience space - 400m2
5. Cafeteria - 150m2
6. Lobby - 200m2
7. Library - 150m2
8. Offce - 350m2
9. Storage - 2000m2
10. Plant space - 500m2
11. Loading space - 500m2
12. Parking (Educational)
- 500m2
13. Parking (Plant) - 325m2
14. Parking (Visitor) - 2000m2 50 0 100m 0 100m 0 100m 0 100m 0 100m
N N N N N
SITE MAP WITH SURROUNDING SITE CONTEXT
PROPOSED SITE MAJOR ROAD TRAIN STATION AND RAIL SITE & SURROUNDING TRANSPORT
LIFE CYCLE OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL
This project relies on recycled construction materials, and aims to close the loop of construction waste by reusing and
recycling otherwise wasted material.
CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE TREATMENT
This diagram explains how to treat construction and demolition waste so as to have less impact on environment. The idea is that there is embodied energy within all materials which is measure by the use of fossil fuel during its operation process.
By recycling construction waste, the embodied energy of a material can be controlled more effciently and the life span of materials can be expanded.
DESIGN INVESTIGATION
Resource extration
Manufacturing
Construction
Use/Occupancy
Demolition
Recycle / Reuse
Desired closed loop building life cycle
Disposal
Resource extration
Manufacturing
Construction
Use/Occupancy
Demolition
Existing one way building life cycle
Door frames, pipes, windows,
beams and etc
Aggregate, steel, wood and etc
Avoidance
Reuse
Recycling
Landfill
Less
environmental
impact
More
environmental
impact
Guiding
principles of
construction
& demolition
waste
management
Sustainability ranking of recycling method
1. Reuse original form on site
2. Reuse original form on the other site
3. Mobile plant recycling and use it on site
4. Mobile plant recycling and use it on the other site
5. Treatment plant recycling
Transportation to plant Energy
(fossil fuel
and electricity)
Delivery to destination
Resin can bind raw RCA
(recycled concrete
aggregate) and create
space between aggregates
at the same time. By
creating space, light can
penetrate through. This has
a potential to be used as
partition wall.
Demolished concrete
pieces can be used for
another concrete structure
such as wall. By placing raw
demolished concrete within
new concrete construction,
it creates contrast between
old and new. Also it
displays how the recycled
concrete can be reused in
new structure.
Sculpture
Furniture
Sculpture
Furniture
Landscape Landscape
Construction (wall)
Gabion system
Construction (wall)
Landscape
Sculpture
Construction (filling)
Landscape
Landscape Landscape Landscape
Landscape
CATALOGUE OF CONCRETE WASTE RECYCLE & REUSE METHODS
ENTRANCE FOR STAFF
Architectural response and experience from the conjunction of different material recycling
method including CLT (using recycled timber) panels, gabion wall, concrete foor (using recycled
aggregate), concrete debris embeded lime mortar wall and recycling bottle wall.
STORAGE AREA
Architectural response and experience from the conjunction of different material recycling method
including CLT (using recycled timber) wall and roof panels, gabion wall and concrete foor (using
recycled aggregate).
HYBRID SPACE (EXHIBITION)
Hybrid space is the place where it becomes fexible and hybrid in the aspect of its function. Derived
conjunction between three programs is to have fexibility in its programmatic function including
exhibition space and event space.
LOADING LANE
Architectural response and experience from the conjunction of different material recycling method
including LVL (using recycled timber) columns, gabion wall, concrete foor (using recycled
aggregate) and CLT (using recycled timber) roof panel.
CAFE
Architectural response and experience from the conjunction of different material recycling method
including CLT (using recycled timber) roof panel, used opening frames, concrete foor (using
recycled aggregate), concrete debris embeded lime mortar wall, gabion wall and recycling bottle
wall.
SECONDARY READING SPACE
Architectural response and experience from the conjunction of different material recycling method
including CLT (using recycled timber) roof panel, used opening frames, concrete foor (using
recycled aggregate) and concrete debris embeded lime mortar wall.
ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE
Material Description
Used timbers
- Recycle into CLT panels
- Recycle into LVL columns
- Minimal transportation
(locally available)
-Prevent further raw material
excavation
Concrete debris
- Reuse into gabion system
- Reuse into wall
(with lime mortar)
- Minimal transportation
(locally available)
-Prevent further raw material
excavation

Used windows and doors
- Reuse into another windows
- Reuse into another doors
- Minimal transportation
(locally available)
Empty glass bottles
- Reuse into bottle wall
- Minimal transportation
(locally available)
Crushed concrete
aggregate
- Recycle into concrete
- Minimal transportation
(locally available)
-Prevent further raw material
excavation
Lime mortar
- Replacing cement
- Carbon neutral
- Absorb carbon dioxide
Gabion system
CLT and LVL structure
system
Recycled timber cladding
Concrete debris embded
lime mortar wall system
Concrete floor using
recycling aggregate
Openings using used
windows and doors
Bottle wall
Precedence Applied location on plan Actual application Applications
Surrounding wall of plant space
Surrounding wall of office space
Foundation floor area
Every opening in the building
Cafe area and office entrance area
Surrounding wall of educational space
MATERIAL PALETTE
CONCRETE AND THE ENVIRONMENT CEMENT PRODUCTION TREND IN NEW ZEALAND
MATERIAL RESEARCH
Unit: million tons
1185 1123
1291 1370 1445 1493 1547 1540 1600 1660 1750
1850
2020
2190
2350
2610
2810 2860
3060
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Global cement production trend
576 579
800
900
950 974 976 950 960 950 950
1000
1080 1100
1050
1120
1200 1200 1200
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

New Zealand cement production trend
Unit: thousand tons
#1
#2
Concrete is the second most
consumed substance on earth, after
water.
Average consumption of concrete is
about 1 ton per year per every living
human being.
1t
1t
1t
per year
Carbon dioxide emission from
cement production. 1 ton of cement
production emits 1 ton of carbon
dioxide.
produce
from manufacturing
aggregates
Proportion of the total carbon
dioxide emission embeded within
finished concrete.
20%
35%
80%
from manufacturing
cement
Global carbon dioxide emission by
sectors
Typical composition of hydraulic
cement concrete
6%
18%
Heat and power
6%
Non-road transport
18%
Road transport
5%
Energy industry
17%
Manufacturing
5%
Cement
14%
Other sectors
Air
Water
66%
Aggregate
10%
Cement