Pre-Invasion Invasion Uprisings, Strikes, and Massacres Late War and Governmental Changes Soviet Withdrawal and the

Invasion Uprisings, Strikes, and Massacres Late War and Governmental Changes Soviet Withdrawal and the End of the War

Babrack Karmal back in President Karmal

Afghanistan Coup D'etat Herat Uprising Soviets in Kabul President Amin Poisoned Invasion Kabul Uprising Summit Against Jihad Soviets use Chemical Soviets Complete
Afghanistan Instated Student Demonstrations Terrorist Strikes Massacres Prisoners/Hunger Strikes
1978 1979 1979 1979 December 27, 1979 1980 for Afghanistan Warfare Mikhail Gorbachev in the Karmal's 2nd Exile to Geneva Accords Withdrawal
1979 December 28, 1979 1980 1980 1980 1982 End of Karmal's Reign Najib Allah President
1981 1982 Soviet Union Moscow 1988 End of the War
1985 1985 1986
1987 1989

After the Cou D'etat, the ruling party in The Geneva Accords 1988
Babrak Karmal Osama bin Laden
Afghanistan split into 2 factions.
The accords consisted of a bilateral agreement between Afghanistan and
Born in Kamari east in Kabul, Afghanistan. He lived in hardship after his mother's death. in 1951, he enrolled at the Osama bin Laden began his involvement in the Pakistan on the principles of mutual relations, especially non-interference
Parchamis (Moderate) - President Karmal College of Law and Political Sciences. Karmal was arrested in 1952 for holding rallies in support of Abdul Rahman Soviet-Afghan war after graduating from the and non-intervention; a declaration on international guarantees, signed by
Mahmudi, a revolutionary figure of the 50s. In prison, he came into his pro-Soviet ideals. He was released in 1955 and King Abdul Aziz University. He had met
Khaliqis (Radical) - President Amin the USSR and the USA; a bilateral agreement between Afghanistan and
resumed his studies. After graduation, he joined the Ministry of planning and stayed close with Mier Mohammed Siddiq Afghan mujahideen leaders at Mecca during Pakistan on the voluntary return of Afghan refugees; and an agreement on
*When in power, they suppressed the Parchamis Farhang, an ex-fellow inmate. They both played a leading role in influencing the youth in adhering to communism. the annual Hajj. Shortly after his graduation, the settlement of the situation relating to Afghanistan, signed by
*Did not work well together. he travelled to Pakistan to donate to the Afghanistan and Pakistan and witnessed by the Soviet Union and the United
On January 1, 1965 the PDPA was founded in Kabul, with Karmal serving as one of the 28 founding fathers. In 1967, the jamaat-e-Islami, Zia's Pakistani offshoot of the States.
PDPA split and Karmal headed the smaller Parchami faction. After the PDPA assumed power via a coup d'etat in Babrak Karmal Muslim Brotherhood. Afterwards, bin Laden
Afghanistan, Karmal was exiled from Afghanistan and ended up in Moscow. met with Saudi princes and talked about the Also contained was a timetable of the withdrawal of Soviet troops from
Afghani jihad. He imported construction Afghanistan. It officially began on 15 May 1988 and ended by 15 February
The Soviets placed him in power in late December 1979. He ruled until 1986, and died in Moscow in 1996. equipment to help with the struggle, and even 1989.
took up arms himself and a few occasions.
With Abdallah Azzam, bin Laden set up an The Mujahideen, were neither party to the negotiations nor to the Geneva
accords and refused to accept the terms. Therefore, the civil war continued
Osama bin Laden after the Soviet withdrawal. The Soviet-backed regime of Najibullah was
able to remain in power until 1992, when it collapsed and was overrun by

Afghanistan Karmal back to Afghanistan

Coup d'etat in Afghanistan
Communists in Afghanistan stage a coup
d'etat. Lead by officers committed to
Socialism, the group was split into two
factions, the People's party (Khalq) and the
Party of the Flag (Parcham).
Babrak Karmal led the Parcham faction and
was exiled to Moscow.
GW - Previous President Mohammed Daoud
was killed by Soviet backed conspirators
and the Afghan army.
4/27/1978 1:00:00 AM
Alternative Hypothesis
President Amin
What if? Karmal was not exiled.
if Karmal and fellow Parchamis were not exiled to
Moscow, the Soviets would have had no one
Babrak Karmal returns to
Afghanistan at the Bagram
Exile Air Base.
12/7/1979 7:00:00 PM
Ruling party no longer holds control
Hakeemi warns Amin that the
By December of that year the party had Soviets are up to no good
lost control of all but the cities and was A. H. Hakeemi, commander of
facing a rising tide of resistance the Bagram air base, informed
accompanied by the wholesale emigration Amin that the Soviets seemed
of trained officials fleeing the purges. to be up to something sinister.
12/1/1979 8:00:00 PM
12/18/1979 8:00:00 PM
Soviet and Afghan leaders sign a treaty of friendship
The Soviet leadership, which feared a rapprochement
between the Afghan regime and the two allies of
America -- Iran under the shah and Pakistan under
General Zia ul-Haq -- in December 1978 the Afghan
leaders signed a treaty of friendship that bound their
country to the Soviet Union.
12/5/1978 7:00:00 PM
Ruler
President Amin Poisoned
President Amin was poisoned when consuming a special
lunchaeon at the palace arranged in honor of Ghulam
Dastagir Panjsheri, who had returned from a long trip to
the Soviet Union. The soup, mixed with ashak, was
served by two Russian girls was poisoned by someone.
The hospital he was taken to also fell under attack. In
this attack, Amin was killed by Soviet troops while
fleeing.
12/27/1979 1:00:00 PM
Poisoning of Afghan Dignitaries
Designed to halt the regime's suicidal policies, which
Asadullah Amin poisoned
Asadullah Amin, nephew of President
Amin, consumed a poisonous apple. He
was sent to Moscow for treatment. This
happened before the Soviet Invasion.
Karmal instated in Kabul
Babrak Karmal, outcast leader of
the Parcham, was declared the
President of the Revolutionary
Council of Afghanistan.
12/28/1979 7:00:00 PM
They include Pachamis, Khalqis, and
Afghan Palace in Kabul attacked
At 7:20, Tapa-e-Tajbeg was shelled
by rockets from the West side. While
the palace was under fire, the Soviet
troops moved into position
12/27/1979 7:20:00 PM
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
threatened the very foundations of the "socialist
edifice."
At 6:30, an explosion occured in the central part of
the general communications system in the city of
Kabul.
12/27/1979 6:30:00 PM
Soldiers of the Invasion
Russian Commader Razes Afghan City
Mujahideen kills 3 Russian soldiers, the
commander brother of the fallen captain
End of Reign
Karmal's Demise
Karmal unveils his so-called ten-point thesis to achieve,
among other things, conciliation and comprimise. He
also showed willingness to incorporate non-PDPA
members into the State Council and promote a mixed
economy. However, this gift was only extended to
Karmal's 2nd Exile to Moscow
Najib Allah feels opposition as Karmal
supporters outnumber him. An uprising
New Government Announced led his commando unit into the city of Coup Anniversary Terrorism strike Khalqis Prisoners Strike Hunger Strike resulted, but was quelled and Karmal was
those who are in line with the regime. Karmal also
The names of the minsters of the Tashqurghan and razed the city, killing The regime By this point 10-12 members At Pul-e-Charki prison, a substance was mingled The hunger strike was triggered when a teapot of hot water exiled against his will to Moscow, again.
wanted Soviets to close the border with Pakistan with Najib Allah President
new Government are announced. at least 200 defenseless civilians. commemorates the of the party were being with food to cause diarrhea. The inmates, who given to a sick inmate by a friend who worked in the only 1/15/1987 7:00:00 PM
an additional 500,000 soldiers. After this idea, the Najib Allah replaces Karmal
4/1/1982 7:00:00 PM Massoud Truce begins to unravel killed by acts of terror every lacked diarrhea medicine, were only allowed to workshop set up in cellblock number 2. A guard beat both of
Second Anniversary of the Soviets replaced him with Najib Allah.
a few pro-Parcham individuals. An assassination attempt on Massoud exposed use the very few toilets at set times. Because of the prisoners -- standard punishment for minor infractions. as leader until 1986.
coup in a strict ceremony. day. This led to Soviets 11/1/1985 8:00:00 PM
spies amongst the rebels. However, Massoud's this, inmates were forced to use plastic bags in Scuffles followed, but this time the enraged fellow inmates of 1/1/1986 8:00:00 PM
1/10/1980 4:00:00 PM 4/27/1980 7:00:00 PM stopping patrolling cities. By
own spies learned of a major plan of the Soviets, their living quarters. This led to the greatest the sick inmate drove the guard away from their hall and
November, this number
a 20,000 man assault on Panjshir. He ordered an strike in Afghanistan history by the prisoners. began a hunger strike. By evening, all inmates of cellblock
dropped to 3 per day.
evacuation of the valley three days before the 5/1/1982 4:00:00 PM number 2 joined, and they locked the iron gates to the hall.
7/1/1980 8:00:00 PM
Student Demonstrations Take 2 invasion. Then, when the Soviets came, he
No amount of pleading persuaded them. By the fourth day,
Excersizing their right to peacefully attacked them from caves, ambushed the enemy,
the Soviet army had surrounded the cellblock. On the fourth
protest, a great number of students and fought at night when the Soviets were the Student Demonstrations Summit decides against calling for a jihad in Afghanistan day, the commanders overcame the weak inmates. The
marched. However, when they made it to most vulnerable. Student's peaceful procession turns The Summit of the Organization of the Islamic Conference inmates were punished in numerous ways, including packing
the city of Barikot, they were surrounded 4/1/1985 8:00:00 PM bloody when the Parchami Youths kill at Taif, Saudi Arabia decide agaisnt calling for a jihad in inmates into cellblock 3.
by the army. These soldiers beat and tear 10, including Miss Naheed, a high Afghanistan. Instead, the called for cooperation with the
5/20/1982 4:00:00 PM
gassed the students, arresting 500. school student who became a martyr. UN secretary general in bringing an end to a situation that
5/3/1980 8:00:00 PM 4/29/1980 8:00:00 PM was "prejudicial to the Afghan people."
1/1/1981 8:00:00 PM Mujahideen control Countryside
CIA Director William Casey briefed
President Reagan that the Mujahideen
controlled 62 percent of the countryside.
Herat Uprising in Afghanistan
More sophisticated weapons were sent
25,000 people killed in an anti-communism to the Afghan resistance.
revolt. "The Soviets stepped in to support 1/1/1984 8:00:00 PM Mujahideen
Najib Allah
their puppet Kabul regime. Squadrons of
ground-attack bombers...based at

The Soviet Union

Link

Doshanbe in Russian Tajikstan...dropped Uprising in Kabul

obvious to insert into the new Afghani
their payloads on Herat."
Government. Odds are, they would have chosen Starting in Herat, Afghanistan, the men of the Mikhail Gorbachev in Soviet Union
3/1/1979 8:00:00 PM Massoud and Soviets agree to a Deal
Karmal either way because the pro-Soviet ideals city, at the first sight of Russian soldiers, left Mikhail Gorbachev rises as
Massacre in Lowgar Ahmed Shah Massoud repelled six
of the Parchamis. However, they could have their homes for mosques and other open secretary of the Soviet Soviet offenses on the city of Panjshir.
chosen a Russian, or another Afghani who found After the Mujahideen defeated a unit of the invading spaces and called for prayer. All shops, Communist Party. The Soviets In the Spring of 1983, Massoud and the
refuge with the Soviets before the war. army along the Logar road, the Soviets responded except those that were essential, were closed. began to change and relaxed Soviets ended secret negotiations to
strongly. Three days later, a Russian armored unit on worldwide tensions.
Afghan Eyes sign an unprecedented truce. Najib Allah to Moscow Geneva Accords End of the War
the way to Logar killed or wounded anyone who The citizens of Kabul joined in on January 22, Russians use Chemical Warfare 3/1/1985 7:00:00 PM
Sharbat Gula was forced to leave her home in Afghanistan happened to be on the road or within range of it from 1980. Thousands of Afghan citizens Najib Allah was told by Gorbachev to Afghanistan, Pakistan, the US, Soviets finish withdrawel.
George Shultz, the former American secretary The Soviets would stop attacked
during the Soviet war for a refugee camp in Pakistan the southern outskirt of the city to the provincial congregated in different parts of the city strengthen his political influence and expect and the Soviet Union all ratified 2/15/1989 1:00:00 PM
Soviets put men in Kabul Soviet Supreme Council against troop in Kabul of state, had dealt with the subject of Panjshir, and the Afghan army was able
where she was photographed by journalist Steve McCurry. Inner Circle of Politburo meets capital, a distance of 86 Kilometers. a Soviet withdrawal in two years. the Geneva Accords, that layed
The Soviet Supreme Council declared the dispatch of simultaniously. They began to march and the chemical warfare in Afghanistan in detail.
The image made her famous when it was featured on the A Soviet Battalion disguised as aircraft technicians Meeting in Moscow, the Politburo's to operate a base at the Southern end out the formal terms of the
10/2/1980 8:00:00 PM Soviet forces attempted to stop them. After According to Shultz, "Reports of chemical 12/24/1986 w
June 1985 cover of National Geographic Magazine, at a had landed at the Bagram air base north of Kabul "to inner circle made the first tentative troops to Afghanistan unconsitutional. While castigating of the valley.
firing warning shots in the air, the troops fired attacks from February through October 1982 Soviet Withdrawal.
time when she was approximately 13 years old. Gula was protect and defend the airfield where the Soviet decision to invade. Clandestine Soviet Leonid Brezhenev, chair of the Soviet politburo, and 4/1/1983 8:00:00 PM
others for sending troops into Afghanistan, it declared on the demonstrators. indicate that the Soviet forces continue their 4/14/1988 w
known throughout the world simply as the Afghan Girl aircraft were landing bringing aid cargo to military units began to infiltrate
Afghanistan...The place was a sort of bridghead that the decision to invade Afghanistan "was made by a selective use of chemicals and toxins against Alternative Hypothesis
until she was formally identified in early 2002. Afghanistan.
small circle of people in violation of the Soviet Karmal's policies in response to these the resistance in Afghanistan.
where Soviet specialists and advisers with their 11/26/1979 7:00:00 PM What If? The Soviets and Massoud
consitution, according to shich such matters belong to uprisings was one of repression. 2/1/1982 8:00:00 PM
families could assemble if the situation got worse." did not agree to a truce?
the jurisdiction of higher state bodies." 2/22/1980 7:00:00 PM Soviets Boycott Olympics
7/7/1979 7:00:00 PM Had a deal never been struck, the
12/23/1979 7:00:00 AM The Soviet Union leads a boycott on the 1984
Miracle on Ice valley of Panjshir would have been
Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California in
The United States defeat the Soviet reduced completely to rubble by
response to the US boycott four years earlier.
Union hockey team, dubbed the fighting. Every citizen of the area Troops Pull-Out
5/8/1984 w
Miracle on Ice, and eventually takes would have had to relocate. The
Gold in the 1980 Winter Olympics truce saved the region.

The United States of America

United States aid begins
Jimmy Carter's White House sends
classified proposals to help the
anti-communist rebels in Afghanistan.
3/1/1979 7:00:00 PM
Afghan Girl
United States CIA aid
Jimmy Carter's deputy national security
security adviser, David Aaron, chaired a
second secret session of the Special
Coordination Committee to consider direct
American covert aid to the Afghan rebellion.
3/30/1979 8:00:00 PM
Russian Rockets hit Wedding Party held in Lake Placid, New York. The
Hundreds of villagers were convivially celebrating event is said to have revitalized the
wedding ceremonies in the Ganjabad village. nation's Cold War efforts.
Suddenly, they were hit with rockets fired from a 2/22/1980 w
Newsweek Response
group of helicopter gunships. About 150 were
killed, and scores others wounded.
9/15/1980 8:00:00 PM
US Olympics Bill Casey Diagnosed with a Brain Tumor
UN calls for withdrawal CIA ups Funding NSDD-166: "Expanded U.S. Aid William Piekney no longer in Islamabad
The United Nations General The CIA has a funding surge to Afghan Guerrillas" Milton Bearden replaced William Piekney While at the CIA Headquarters, Casey
US refuses to participate in Olympic Games
Assembly calls for a Soviet for the Mujahideen, pushed by Produced a legal basis for a the as CIA station chief in Islamabad. began to have seizures. A CAT scan
The United States boycott the 1980 showed he had a mass on the left side of
withdrawal from Afghanistan. Charlie Wilson. They decided Link
escalation of the CIA'a role in Bearden tipped the balanced from the
Carter approves CIA aid Carter and Reagan authorize weapon shipment Summer Olympics, held in Moscow. his brain, he never recovered.
1/1/1982 w to up the funding to $250 Afghanistan, including the Soviets back to the CIA-backed rebels.
Jimmy Carter scrawled his name on a presidential "finding" Cater signed a Top Secret finding in December 1979, 7/19/1980 w
Million, about as much as the mass increase of funding. 7/1/1986 w 12/15/1986 w
required under a recent law intended to ensure White House and Reagan reauthorized it in 1981. The finding previous years combined. 3/1/1985 w
control over the CIA operations. Under the new system, if the CIA permitted the CIA to ship weapons to the Mujahideen
intended to undertake activites that influenced foreign political directly, to harass the Soviets. They felt that if they
10/1/1984 7:00:00 PM
conditions, the president had to give them the go ahead. raised the cost of the Soviets, they might back off.
12/15/1979 7:00:00 PM
He approved an expendature of $500,000 in cash to Afghan rebels.
7/3/1979 7:00:00 AM

Celebration

Picture 3

Executive Summary

The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan began on December 27, 1979 as a By: Russell Beck Works Cited

last hurrah for the Soviet Union. The US decided to aid Mujahideen Bergen, Peter L. Holy War, Inc : Inside the Secret World of
resistance in Afghanistan before the invasion began. During the war, the Osama bin Laden. New York: Free P, 2001.
Soviet Union used Chemical Warfare against the Mujahideen, even
though that tactic of war was outlawed. Throughout the war, the two Bergen, Peter L. The Osama Bin Laden I Know : An Oral
super powers played a game with each other related to this war and the History of Al Qaeda's Leader. New York: Free P, 2006.
Cold War between the US and the USSR. First, the US hockey team
defeated the juggernaut Soviets in the semi-finals of the 1980 Winter Cleveland, William L. History of the Modern Middle East.
Olympics at Lake Placid, New York. Now referred to as the Miracle on New York: HarperCollins Canada, Limited, 1999.
Ice, it is said that this victory renewed the hope of a nation tired of the
Cold War. Then, the US boycotted the 1980 Summer Olympics, held in Coll, Steve. Ghost Wars : The Secret History of the CIA, Picture 49

Picture 48

Moscow. The USSR responded by boycotting the 1984 Summer Olympics Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to
in Los Angeles, California. Later in 1984, the US upped its CIA funding September 10, 2001. New York: Penguin P HC, The, 2004.
significantly. Finally, the 1988 Geneva Accords laid out the Soviet Afghanistan Russian Federation Saudi Arabia United States Expanded Explanations Key Event
withdrawal and ended the war within a year on February 15, 1989. Kakar, Mohammed. Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion and
Alternate Explanation the Afghan Response, 1979-1982. Berkeley: University of

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