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Determination of Flowrate - Equalization Volume Requirements and Effects on BOD Mass

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Data and Questions...
For the flowrate and BOD concentration data given in the table determine ;
(1) The in-line storage volume required to equalize the flowrate
(2) Time period when the equalization tank is empty
(3) The effect of the flow equalization on BOD mass - loading rate
Time
period

Average flowrate
during the period
(L / s)

Average BOD
concentration during
the period (mg / L)

24 - 01

275

150

01 - 02

221

115

02 - 03

164

75

03 - 04

130

50

04 - 05

105

45

05 - 06

99

60

06 - 07

119

90

07 - 08

204

130

08 - 09

354

175

09 - 10

411

200

10 - 11

425

215

11 - 12

430

220

12 - 13

425

220

13 - 14

405

210

14 - 15

385

200

15 - 16

351

190

16 - 17

326

180

17 - 18

326

170

18 - 19

328

175

19 - 20

365

210

20 - 21

399

280

21 - 22

399

305

22 - 23

379

245

23 - 24

345

180

Average

307.0833

170

Solution...
(1) The In - Line Storage Volume Required to Equalize the Flowrate...
Step - 1 : Calculation of wastewater volumes entering the equalization tank during the each time period (column 2 in
table given below)
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Example for the time period 24 - 01 : (275 L / s) (3,600 s / h) (10-3 m3 / L) = 990.0 m3 / h

Step - 2 : Calculation of wastewater volumes pumping out from the equalization tank (column 3 in table given below)
Total wastewater volume entering to the equalization tank is 26,532.0 m3 during 24 h period
Wastewater volume should be pumped out from the equalization tank must be equal to this amount during 24 h
period
Wastewater volume should be pumped out from the equalization tank during the each time period = (26,532.0 m3) /
24 = 1,105.5 m3
Step - 3 : Calculation of the cumulative influent volumes (column 4 in table given below)
Example for the time period 01 - 02 : 990.0 m3 + 795.6 m3 = 1,785.6 m3
Step - 4 : Calculation of the cumulative effluent volumes (column 5 in table given below)
Example for the time period 01 - 02 : 1,105.5 m3 + 1,105.5 m3 = 2,211.0 m3
Step - 5 : Calculation of the cumulative differences (column 6 in table given below)
Example for the time period 24 - 01 : 990.0 m3 - 1,105.5 m3 = - 115.5 m3

(1)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

Influent
Time
volume
period
(m 3)

Effluent
volume
(m 3)

Cumulative
influent
volume (m 3)

Cumulative
effluent
volume (m 3)

Cumulative
difference
(m 3)

24 - 01

990.0

1,105.5

990.0

1,105.5

- 115.5

01 - 02

795.6

1,105.5

1,785.6

2,211.0

- 425.4

02 - 03

590.4

1,105.5

2,376.0

3,316.5

- 940.5

03 - 04

468.0

1,105.5

2,844.0

4,422.0

- 1,578.0

04 - 05

378.0

1,105.5

3,222.0

5,527.5

- 2,305.5

05 - 06

356.4

1,105.5

3,578.4

6,633.0

- 3,054.6

06 - 07

428.4

1,105.5

4,006.8

7,738.5

- 3,731.7

07 - 08

734.4

1,105.5

4,741.2

8,844.0

- 4,102.8

08 - 09

1,274.4

1,105.5

6,015.6

9,949.5

- 3,933.9

09 - 10

1,479.6

1,105.5

7,495.2

11,055.0

- 3,559.8

10 - 11

1,530.0

1,105.5

9,025.2

12,160.5

- 3,135.3

11 - 12

1,548.0

1,105.5

10,573.2

13,266.0

- 2,692.8

12 - 13

1,530.0

1,105.5

12,103.2

14,371.5

- 2,268.3

13 - 14

1,458.0

1,105.5

13,561.2

15,477.0

- 1,915.8

14 - 15

1,386.0

1,105.5

14,947.2

16,582.5

- 1,635.3

15 - 16

1,263.6

1,105.5

16,210.8

17,688.0

- 1,477.2

16 - 17

1,173.6

1,105.5

17,384.4

18,793.5

- 1,409.1

17 - 18

1,173.6

1,105.5

18,558.0

19,899.0

- 1,341.0

18 - 19

1,180.8

1,105.5

19,738.8

21,004.5

- 1,265.7

19 - 20

1,314.0

1,105.5

21,052.8

22,110.0

- 1,057.2

20 - 21

1,436.4

1,105.5

22,489.2

23,215.5

- 726.3

21 - 22

1,436.4

1,105.5

23,925.6

24,321.0

- 395.4

22 - 23

1,364.4

1,105.5

25,290.0

25,426.5

- 136.5

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23 - 24

1,242.0

1,105.5

26,532.0

26,532.0

0.0

Total

26,532.0

26,532.0

Step - 6 : Calculation of the equalization tank volume

Equalization tank volume = Absolute value of the smallest negative difference + The largest positive difference
VEqualization = abs(- 4,102.8 m3) + none = 4,102.8 m3
Step - 7 : Dimensioning of the equalization tank
Equalization tank volume determined from the calculations given in the table shown above, should be increased at
least 10 % as a safety factor
VEqualization = (1.112) (4,102.8 m3) = 4,562.5 m3
L = 50.00 m, h = 3.65 m and B = 25.00 m
(2) Time Period when the Equalization Tank is Empty...

To determine the effect of the equalization tank on the BOD mass - loading rate, there are a number of ways.
Perhaps the simplest way is to perform the necessary computations, starting with the time period when the
equalization tank is empty. As it can be seen from the figure shown above, the equalization tank is empty at 08 am.
(3) The Effect of the Flow Equalization on BOD Mass - Loading Rate...

Because the equalization tank is empty at 08 am, the necessary computations will be performed starting with the 08
- 09 time period.
Step 1 : The first step is to compute the liquid volume in the equalization tank at the end of each time period. This is
done by subtracting the equalized hourly flowrate expressed as a volume from the inflow flowrate also expressed as a
volume. The volume corresponding to the equalized flowrate for a period of 1 h is
(307.0833 L / s) (3,600 s / h) (10-3 m3 / L) = 1,105.5 m3
Using this value, the volume in storage is computed using the following equation ;
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