Aquino Presidency June 16, 1981 - Ferdinand Marcos was given a fresh mandate to serve as president for another

six years, but he was not able to complete his another term for he was ousted from his office by people power The Aquino presidency was established through the direct exercise of the power of the people assisted by the new Armed Forces of the Philippines and in defiance of the 1973 Constitution A civil government that is revolutionary in origin and nature, democratic in essence, and transitory in character Aquino issued Proclamation No. 3 provided for the adoption of a provisional constitution known as the Freedom Constitution Causes of the emergence of revolutionary government of President Aquino: the who won the election and asked the people to support the military defectors ime Cardinal Sin through Radio Veritas appealed for public support February 23, 1986 of Enrile and Ramos command of Brig. Gen. Artemio Tadiar arrived at EDSA in front of Camp Crame to assault the camp flowers, sandwiches, and even hot coffee from demonstrators February 24, 1986 Marines captured the Logistics Command inside Camp Aguinaldo The 15th Air Force Strike Wing with seven helicopter gun ships led by Colonel Antonio Sotelo decided to defect the rebels side Colonel Mariano Santiago took over Channel 4, the government television station US Senator Paul Laxalt - cut now and cut cleanly February 25, 1986 Marcos took his oath of office at the Malacanan Palace grounds some television channels went off the air after the rebels destroyed their transmission lines February 25, 1986 Marcos and his family and some friends fled Malacanan Palace and were taken by four US helicopters to Clark Air Base in Pampanga, Guam, Hawaii

massive graft and corruption in the government; despotism; assassination of Benigno Aquino; human rights violations during the martial law; and, immediate causes. People Power Revolution I February 22, 1986 and Deputy Chief of Staff, Lt. Gen. Fidel Ramos gave a press conference announcing their withdrawal of support to President Marcos

CIA Involvement: The Virginia-based Pentagon office however denied any participation in the said revolution Conspiracy theory was disclosed by different political scientists in the Philippines saying that Enrile and Ramos were just instruments used by the Americans to topple down Mr. Marcos Achievements: Gained the recognition of other nations; adopted a provisional Freedom Constitution; established an independent Judiciary; dismantled the apparatus of dictatorship by discarding the 1973 Constitution; created a Constitutional Commission which drafted the 1987 Constitution; foiled and overcame moves to destabilize her government by Marcos followers; assured her authority over the Armed Forces as Commander-in-chief and reaffirmed civilian supremacy; and, tried to negotiate for a lasting peace toward national reconciliation and unity. Challenges faced by the Aquino administration: Poverty Land reform Urban housing Slow economic growth Unemployment Timidity of local and foreign investors Mendiola Massacre marched down to the Mendiola gate of Malacanan Palace, to redress their

grievances against the government, pertaining to their low standard of living, massive revolutionary taxes, high cost of agricultural materials, etc. Ramos Presidency organized reform programs to transform the country into a New Industrialized Country by the year 2000 Several days after he assumed his office, he announced the formation of a Malacaan in the south to bring the government close to the people Challenges: power crisis; mass poverty; graft and corruption; ailing economy; environmental problems; and, insurgency. Achievements: around 781,000 new jobs became available (1992); created the Presidential Commission (PACC); Anti Crime

pursued preventive health care programs, which have gained popular recognition; launched the Social Reform Agenda(SRA); and, Smokey Mountain was transformed into a model and clean area. Philippine National Railways, main south line was rehabilitated;

Pasig River Ferry service was also revived; more infrastructure were also built, the circumferential road known as C-5, two more Light Rail Transit systems, the Manila skyway, etc.; and, the government embarked on an intensive foreign relation campaign based on economic diplomacy Philippines 2000 Estrada Presidency He took his oath of office on the 30th of June, 1998 at the historic Barasoain Church in Malolos, Bulacan Estrada gave his inaugural address at the Quirino Grandstand He pledged to the people a government that would guarantee their safety A government that is free of corruption and free from influence-peddling A fight against all insurgency and a serious battle for economic reforms Erap Para sa Mahirap was the campaign slogan of the former vice president, which catapulted him to the highest position in the land Vision of government: Efficient bureaucracy Economic recovery through fiscal reforms Check all forms of criminality, particularly kidnapping, bank robberies, drug trafficking, and other heinous crimes Stronger infrastructure to unify the nation Encourage private business as governments partner in nation building; Food security; Education; Harnessing Filipino talents in science and technology; Delivery of basic social services to the people Sustainable development through comprehensive environmental program Estrada a

The country was on its monotonous routine when an accusation was hurled against the president by Senator Teofisto Guingona, in his I accuse you! privilege speech in the senate

involved in illegal gambling, specifically, collecting money or payola from jueteng collections throughout the country, different mansions situated in posh villages in Metro Manila, allegedly built and funded by the president for all his mistresses An impeachment trial was filed in the House of Representatives and eventually elevated into the Senate of the Philippines Estrada President Estrada continued his provincial visits particularly in Mindanao and in the numerous depressed areas in Metro Manila Senator Pimentel resigned to his post as Senate President in the evening of January 16, 2001 after the motion to have the sealed

envelope opened was defeated in an 11-10 vote by the Senate Impeachment Tribunal Thousands of Filipinos marched on the streets to express their disappointments to the impeachment proceeding (calling it a street parliamentary)

The SC upheld the legitimacy of her administration in a unanimous decision vote The moment Erap left Malacaan, and loses all his support from the Cabinet members and military officials, it has been classified as deemed resigned from his post Achievements: Solid Waste Management Act Focused on the economy and implemented pro-poor programs to provide jobs, food, education and housing for Filipinos at the end of her term She supported the passage of legislations in Congress such as the Power Reform Act and the Anti-Money Laundering Law The government entered into an agreement with the World Bank for its $289.5M loan funding the twelve-year program in the area The Department of Education has provided the Basic Education Curriculum, otherwise known as the Millennium Curriculum Initiated possible efforts to extended political amnesty to NPA guerillas who wish to rejoin the society Current issues: Charter change Human rights violations Peace talks with the insurgents/rebels

Shrine for four days (January 16-20, 2001) demanding President Estrada to step down from his office Estrada appealed to those exercising their right to expression and assembly for calm and sobriety and assured the public that the government was in control of the security situation Mass resignation of the Cabinet was triggered by the defection of the Armed Forces led by the Chief of Staff, General Angelo Reyes President Estrada refused to resign and insisted on a snap election

reportedly left Malacaan after knowing that the Supreme Court had already issued an en banc resolution declaring the seat of the presidency vacant and could be constitutionally replaced by his successor Macapagal-Arroyo Having an enormous task of rebuilding the nation and unifying the country towards peace and progress, she urged the people to help her in the healing process of the nation The question of legality became a political issue at the start of her revolutionary administration