1)project requirements are given below: 2) This is a two step process.

First is to establish a reference point on the mannequin / volume which acts as the scan surface and to establish a reference orientation at this reference point. The reference orientation & position should be such that we have the ultrasound image corresponding to these parameters from our image library (refer point 3 for details). Secondly along with the orientation tracking system (which has been developed as part of previous work on the project) we need to implement a position tracking system which keeps track of the position of the mock transducer with respect to the reference point. This is required, as a typical ultrasound scan of the heart (echocardiogram) involves taking the scan from multiple locations around the chest area of a patient as opposed to scanning by changing the orientation of the transducer at a single location (which is usually so in the case of cranial ultrasound).This is also true for the ultrasound of many other organs An easy way to design this position tracking system would be to make use of the measurements from the present Inertial Measurement Unit (gyroscope + accelometer + magnetometer) and compute the location dynamically through dead reckoning.But, this would not serve our purpose as it measures the absolute displacement of the transducer whereas we need the relative displacement between scan surface and transducer (what if the mannequin/scan surface is moved during the scan or in between scans!) So the sensor system for the position tracking should be designed as a two part harware system where one of the parts can be stuck on to the scan surface while the other can be integrated into the mock transducer. So, ideally the only calibration needed will be to place a part of the sensor system hardware on a reference location on the scan surface. 3) Before the calibration of step 2 is done, the user must be allowed to select an organ/ body region that needs to be scanned through the software. Only those organs/ regions whose image library is already present are allowed for selection. Once the organ/region has been seleted and reference point & orientation are set , we can calibrate the image library and display the appropriate image for all further movements of the mock transducer. The image library is created with the help of real images and videos of the ultrasound scans of the respective organs/regions .Here it has been assumed that it is possible to extract information regarding the orientation and position of the transducer for each frame of the ultrasound scan video. The actual reandering of the image can be achieved by casting the 2D images in the image library into a 3D image space. Current research has shown that it is possible to obtain the 3D perspective of a view with the help of two or more 2D pictures of the same view taken from slightly different positions. This is being used especially in the field of building design & architecture. If such a 3D image can be obtained, the actual rendering of the image can be achieved by slicing this 3D model based on the plane defined by the current position and orientation of the mock transducer. So, here we are trying to build a 3D model of the organ/region based on 2D images rather than by defining the internal layouts or structure of the organs. 5) Let us say that to obtain a certain type of scan it is required to traverse from point A to point B in a particular route with varied orientations of the transducer throughout the route. We need to compare such a scan sequence taken (through a real system) by an experienced technician with the scan taken through the training system by a trainee and provide a score based on the closeness of the match between the two scan sequences. One way to achieve this would be through comparison of the images sliced from the two scan sequences. But this is difficult as it involves considerable amount of image processing . Another easier way to achieve this is to allow a trained professional to perform the scan sequence on the training system and store this result. After the trainee performs

the scan, the actual trajectories of the mock transducers in the two cases can be compared instead of the actual images and an appropriate score can be assigned. Please note that it will not be possible to compare a scan taken on the real system (on a real subject) with that taken through a training system because the dimensions and contours of the actual subject and the mannequin / scan surface used can be considerably different, which could result in wrong scoring 6) There are many other features that can be included to make the system more user-friendly. For e.g. the Quality of ultrasound depends on the type of transducer chosen and the sensitivity and gain settings and this could be simulated in the training system to help better serve the cause. The potential users will be the best people to let us know what features would be most useful. A survey can be conducted to understand the views and expectations of the potential users (doctors and students of medicine). The survey can contain questions like do you use/ have you used an ultrasound scanner?, do you see a need for an ultrasound training system? etc. Such a survey will help in improving the usability of the system and help in the long run of the project.