66

98

12

195-217

**

* **

2009

18

2009

10

-195-

1.

1938
2

689

690 690 226

1 2

2000 2005 221

-196-

(Joseph V. Stalin, 1879-1953) 689

2.

3.
4

3 4 5

2000 2001 2000 10 6

8 143-148 106-107

144

-197-

1.

(Benedetto Croce, 1866-1952)

2005

72

-198-

xii

1986
9

7 8 9

73 2001 1986 6 144 2009 3 33-34

-199-

580 2005 1 29

2.

692

696 701

1943

669 1941

-200-

1942

1960

1943 1941 1931 9 1935

(Josip Broz Tito, 1892-1980)

-201-

10

1938

1935

11

1945

1960
10 11

2005

114 117

-202-

1980

209 1956 153

1943 Dimitrov, 1882-1949) 1950-1960 1975 3.

12

22

(Georgi

692 692

1938
-203-

1936

692 1938 1937 11 1939 1952 1938 2 1

1938 1937
12

13

14

12 13 14

2004 352 353

351

-204-

4.

83

139

690

690

-205-

1938

1937

12

1939 1940

15

1936-1937

5. 302

15

1986

2009

33

-206-

225

6.

655

-207-

7.

-208-

418-419

661

-209-

16

228

230

231

232

229

1937

12

689

16

225

XXX -210-

451

1938-1939

16

17

690

311

-211-

1943

29

1989 379

17

2003

-212-

1949 1944 1
17

1945

9
18

19

17 18 19

1978 1944 1 20 473 5 1968 2 1945 1626 9 29

5 839-840

-213-

1950

1950

1. 2. 1931-1937 1986 2003

3.

-214-

-215-

2004 2005 5 2005 2005 2 1968 1978 2000

1986 2001 2000 10 6 2000

2009 8 106-107

3 143-146

29-36

143-148

-216-

A General Reply to Criticisms of Hong Taiyang (Red Sun)

Gao Hua

Abstract
This reply deals with three issues raised by critics in regard to my book: first, the charge of one-sidedness, or that I only discuss the power struggle among the Communist Party leaders trying to outwit each other and not the high degree of trust and openness among party leaders; second, that I should not be saying that the entire CCP completely lacked the values of democratic liberalism and humanism; and third, that there is a contradiction between my sympathy for the communist revolution and my rejection of it. My reply considers each of these issues, particularly in regard to the points of the old Yanan hand He Fang. I believe that contemporaries do not fully know what was happening at the time. He Fang was led to misread my book due to his pride in being an old Yanan hand, but his fixed views did not allow him to accept different opinions. Hong Taiyang was not allowed to be published in China, but pirated editions became very popular, showing that it could pass a certain kind of test; and indeed, newly discovered sources have supported its main arguments. The second edition of Hong Taiyang will correct obvious mistakes but maintain its basic framework. In particular, I emphasize the background of the Yanan rectification movement and how, after the victory 1949, rectification was made into a governing strategy. This led to disaster. Coming to power, Deng Xiaoping proclaimed the need to keep pace with the times and abandoned rectification, but it was too late. Keywords: Hong Taiyang, Red Sun, the Rectification Movement, Yanan, Mao Zedong

Department of History, Nanjing University

-217-