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McCLURG &
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c/o
U
o o z
g
c/3
ILLUSTRATED
CHICAGO
A. C.
McCLURG &
1911
"
CO.
7074
Copyright
A.
C.
McCLURG & CO
1911
Published September,
1911
!.
3D.
PREFACE
E~>NG no land nor any living thing except a great was
Bird, after a long, long time, flew down to the surface of the water and dipped his great black Bird.
ago, even before the days of the animal people, the world was only a great ocean wherein
The
wings into the flood. The earth arose out of the waters. So began the creation. While the land was still soft, the first man burst from the pod of the beach pea and looked out upon the endless plain behind him and the
gray
salt sea
before him.
He
Then
Raven appeared to him and the creation of other beRaven made also animals for food and ings began. Later, because the earth plain was so bare, clothing.
he planted trees and shrubs and grass and
things to
set the
green
growing.
came dangers away the sun to the rafters of the domeand moon, and hung them shaped Alaskan huts. The world became cold and cheerless, and in the Land of Darkness white skins became blackened by contact with the darkness. So it became necessary to search for the sun and hang it
creation by a Great Spirit, there from evil spirits. Such spirits carried
With
Darkness
the
Land
of
-winds which
PREFACE
came down from
cold and snow.
the North, bringing with them ice and This was the work of some Great Spirit
side of the gray cloud-tent
letting in the bitter
winds of
north sea so that canoes lose sight of their home-land. Spirits also drive the ice floes, with their fishermen, far
over the horizon of ocean, into the still colder North. Spirits govern the run of the salmon, the catching of
all the life of the people of the North who such a terrific struggle for existence. wage So there must needs be those who have power over
whales, and
who by
of magic, by ceremonial dancing in symbolic dress, can control the designs of those who work ever against
these children of the North.
Thus
shamans with
all their
ceremonies.
authentic.
The myths
in this
volume are
The
orig-
inal collections
ethnologists,
by whose permission this compilation is made. And no effort has been made, in the telling of them, to
change them from the terse directness of the natives. The language of all Indian tribes is very simple, and to the extent that an effort is made to put myths and
legends into more polished form, to that extent
authenticity impaired.
the quaintest and purest of the myths have been selected. Many Alaskan myths are very long and
is
their
Only
tiresome, rambling
to
another, be-
'
,
PREFACE
sides
revealing
as
been omitted,
These have low moral conditions. have also those which deal with the
intermarriage of
men and
birds,
Such myths are better left among government documents where they can be readily consulted by those
making
special
study of
the
subject.
They
are
hardly suitable for any collection intended for genleading myth of the North, however, the Raven Myth, is given with a fair degree of It would not be possible, nor would completeness.
eral reading.
The
be wise, to attempt a compilation of all the fragments of this extensive myth. Especial thanks are due to Dr. Franz Boas for the
it
Tsetsaut and Tsimshian myths, to John R. Swanton for the Tlingit myths, to Edward Russell Nelson for
Eskimo myths, to Ferdinand Schnitter, and to others. Thanks are also due for courtesies in securing photographs to Mr. B. B. Dobbs and particularly to Mr. Clarence L. Andrews, both of whom have spent
the
many
years in Alaska.
K B
University of Washington,
Seattle,
Vll
TABLE OF CONTENTS
The Raven Myth The Flood
....
.
PAGE
Eskimo (Bering
Straits)
.
17
Tlingit (Wrangell)
The
Tsetsaut
How
Tlingit (Wrangell)
The Origin
Duration of Winter
Raven's Feast
....
the
.
...
Tlingit
Tlingit (Wrangell)
Tlingit
Tlingit
33
37
39
40
41
42
44
45
How
Raven
Raven Taught
and
Chilkats
Tlingit (Wrangell)
Raven's Marriage
the
Eskimo (Bering
Tsimshian
.
Straits)
.
.
46
51
Seals
.
Tsimshian
Tsimshian
53
55
Tsimshian
56
57
The Land
Otter
.
Tlingit (Wrangell)
Athapascan
(Upper
Yukon)
.
...
Straits)
58
Eskimo (Bering
59
The
by Raven
Daylight on the Nass River
61 65
of the Birds
the
Winds
.
Tlingit
....
67
70
71
Duration of Life
Town
72
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
How
The
Raven
Stole the
Lake
73 75 77
Killer
Whale
Haida
Tsimshian
80
World
Yukon)
Origin of
81
Mankind
Straits)
82
83 85
87
The
First
Woman
Tears
Straits)
Straits)
The
First
Origin of the
Winds
Origin of the
Wind
Athapascan (Upper
North Wind
East
....
and North
Yukon)
...
. .
.
91
Tlingit (Wrangell)
Tlingit Tlingit
.
92 93
Wind
Wind
Whale
Future Life
....
.
....
.
. .
94
Tlingit (Wrangell)
96
97
The Land
of the
Dead
The Sky Country The Lost Light The Chief in the Moon
.
Tlingit
,IOO .103
105
109
in the in the
Moon Moon
. . . .
no
(Upper
.
Yukon)
Tsetsaut
Tlingit
House
Cradle Song
Proverbs
Koyukun
Tsimshian
How
the
Athapascan
Tsimshian
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGi:
The Mark
of the
Marten
Athapascan (Upper
Yukon)
.126
.
the
....
.
Deer
Tsimshian
127
Athapascan (Upper
Yukon)
.129
131
The
Circling of Cranes
Eskimo (Bering
Straits)
The
132
How
Came
T I'm git
Tlingit
Whale
Crest
Grass Plant
.... ....
Eskimo (Bering
Straits)
.
Koryak
(Siberia)
Koryak (Siberia)
.147 .148
XI
ILLUSTRATIONS
Tinglit
"
Indians
in
Dancing Costume
....
"
PAGE
Frontispiece
20
to build
"
"
"
The The
next morning
clay
the baby
was a
'
big boy
....
....
smoke blackened
21
24
25 28
became a beautiful
girl
Kayak Man Casting a Bird Spear Eskimo Woman from Cape Prince of Wales Fur Parkas Worn by Eskimo Women
Reflection of Mountain Peaks " So the smoke-hole spirits held
his
29
34
35 38
Raven
until the
white coat
"
39
42
43
Elk Falls
Porcupine
"
44
the people
Raven showed
how
Shoup's Glacier,
Birdseye
Valdez
Valdez
....
to
of skins
"
45
48 49
52
53
5
View
of
Masks
Dolls
Eskimo Boys
"
Ice
"
59
Bering Sea
62
Snow
Maul
xiii
63
ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
Eskimo
"
in
Waterproof Coat
' '
Raven
said to Grouse,
66
grand-
child
67 68
'
Raven
be
said to
Crow,
'
You
will
make
lots of noise.
You
"
will
great
said to
talkers
69
'
"
Raven
North Wind,
Your back
is
white.'
(On
the
Road
'
to Fairbanks)
70
There
"
it
lay
"...
.
71
74
75
The
man-spirit
was
inside the
Skana
Chilkat Blanket
78
Alaskan
"
"
Baskets
.
79
.
Keystone Canyon
80
81
The
Glacier
at
Midnight
in
June
84
85
Sitka
Sound
88
89 92
93
Skagway River, from Porcupine Hill Middle Lake and Bridge on the '97 Trail
Face of Davidson Glacier
'
96
Graveyard
"
The Land
of the
Dead
"
at Rasboinsky
. .
97
100
101
The end
Shaman
of the
Death Trail
Walrus Tusks
106
107
.
.
Box Canyon, on White Pass and Yukon Route Near Valdez Narrows
Frozen Waterfall
"
"
.no
in
114
115
over the
Yukon
x'iv
ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
Travellers over the Chilkoot Pass (1891) after the Discovery
of
Gold
Cut-off
118
Looking down
119
122 123
Dog Team
Siberian
Husky
....
72 Hours
...
.
.
.
Totem
View
of
Poles
126
.127
130
131
Skagway
Sea,
Bering
near
Nome
Yukon Route
.
View
of Eldorado
. .
136
.137
142
143
Nome
Crested
Hat
xv
Straits)
when
there
pod of the beach pea. On the fifth day he stretched out his feet and burst the pod. He fell to the ground and when he stood up he was a
coiled
ITearth
plain.
The
first
man
four days
lay
up
in the
full-grown man.
at himself.
Man
looked
all
and
legs.
and arms,
he saw,
his
neck
hang-
still
ing to the vine, the pod of the beach pea, with a hole
in the
When
his feet,
was very
in his
soft.
stomach, so he stooped
Then he
17
He
until
it
As soon
as
Raven stopped, he
his beak, as
and pushed up
though
were
mask,
to
at
once into
side
man.
Raven
stared hard at
better.
to side to see
him
Raven
from?
I
said,
"What
are you?
Where
like you."
Raven
stared at
Man,
new
thing so
much
like himself.
around a
little,
side to see
him
Then Raven
did you
tonishment,
"Where
"
I
come from?
have
Man
"
said,
came from
He
"
pointed
to the plant
Ah,
made
But
did
it.
not
know
Come
soft
with
me
to the
is
This ground
made
later
and
it is
and thin."
So
Man
to the
higher ground
Raven asked
18
Man
if
he had
Man
said he
of the
pools.
"
"
Now
mask,
wait for
me
here."
his beak, as
though
it
were
He
at
up
Man
his
waited until
Then Raven
He
pushed up
to
beak and so
became
berries
man
again.
Then he gave
I
Man
"
two salmon
is
berries, saying,
Here
to
some-
thing I
ful
made
for
on the earth.
wish them
be plenti-
Man
other,
left
and
Then he
felt better.
Then Raven
Man
of the water.
He
He
held them in his hand until they were dry, and then
he called
Man
to
come and
told
see them.
Man
pulled
said they
were
pretty, so
Raven
him
Man
his
Then Raven
his
down
beak-mast, and
pieces of clay.
waved
At once they bounded away as fullgrown mountain sheep. Raven told Man to look. Man was so much pleased that Raven said, " If these
19
them."
Man
to
kill
"
said,
Yes."
" said,
Then Raven
live
Well,
it
them
among
the steep
them
like
tame reindeer.
He
Man
to
look at them.
his
his
wings four times over them. Thus they became alive, but as they were only dry in spots while Raven held them, therefore they remained brown and white, with
mottled coat.
Raven
told
Man
these
tame reindeer
would be very few in number. Again Raven took two pieces of clay and shaped them like the caribou or wild reindeer. But he held
while so that only the bellies of the reindeer became dry and white. Then
in his
little
them
hands only a
his
But because only their bellies were dry and white while Raven held them, therefore the wild reindeer is brown except its
white belly.
Raven
said to
Man,
"
common.
People will
kill
many
of them."
20
d o
PC
H H
PC
w
PC
O H O W d
PC
Q d
w>
tn
v o
I O
D
O
CO
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D
H
PC
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lonely by
make you
some white clay at a he had made animals, and made of the clay a figure almost like Man. Raven kept looking at Man while he
shaped the
figure.
Then he
it
When
the clay
down
clay
fair
his
became
because Raven
his
waved
wings over
Raven took
the girl to
said.
Man.
There
is
compan-
Now in
there
first
No
The
the
first
how
tired.
to sleep
warmly
in the
were
beak-mask
and went
awakened, he went back to the creek. Here he made two sticklebacks, two graylings, and two
blackfish.
When Raven
When
these
in
the
Man
to see
them.
Man
raised his
hand
and the sticklebacks darted away. Raven told him the graylings would be found in clear mountain streams, while the sticklebacks
would
live along
would be good
for food.
the shrewmouse.
He
"
said,
The
shrewmouse will not be good for food. the earth plain from looking bare and
In
this
It will
prevent
cheerless."
several days,
and explained what they were good for. Then Raven flew into the sky, far, far away, and was gone
four days.
Man
When
to
Man.
But Raven noticed that the ponds and lakes were silent and lonely, so he made water bugs to flit upon the
surface of the water.
He
also
made
muskrat
told
to live
Raven
Man
would
so
live
Man
must build
Raven
He
to use
Man how
also
to catch the
Raven
sects to
made
flies
in-
make
more
cheerful.
At
first
One day
Man
killed a deer.
all
Then Man
was very angry and scolded the mosquitoes. He said, " Never eat meat again. Eat men." Before that mosquitoes never bit people.
When
rubbed
the
all
first
it
He
told
Man
it
would grow
man
like himself.
The
next morn-
He
up
and flowers that Raven had planted. By the third day the baby was a full-grown man. Then another baby was born on the earth plain. She
clay.
The
walking around.
On
woman.
to
Now
all
Raven began
kill
be afraid that
men would
kill
the creatures he
would
He
Raven went
shaped
it
creek nearby.
He
like a bear.
Then he waved
wings over
it,
and the clay became a bear. But Raven jumped very quickly to one side when the bear became alive because
it
Then Raven
to
Man
be careful.
was very
it.
fierce
to
pieces
he disturbed
the seals,
and taught
to
Man how
make
to
He
also taught
Man how
strong
from
sealskin,
deer.
When
men had
wonder.
fallen from.
from the same pod that Man had These men were looking about them in
led
them away from the pea vine, but in a different direction from the first man. He brought them close to the sea. Raven stayed with these three
a long time.
Raven
men
He
taught them
trees
how
to take
wood
also
he planted
in
hollows
and
to
make
a fire drill,
and
which
land where
Man
also
lived.
arrows,
many as in the He taught these men how to spears and nets, and how to use
capture the
seals,
how
to
which were
now
to
make
kayaks, and
how
and of bushes, covered with earth. Then he made wives for these men, and went back to Man.
When Raven
Man
lived,
he
looked bare.
24
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"
Tin-
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Courtesy
"
THE
"
up the people, who were pleased with the trees. Then Raven taught Man how to make fire with the
fire drill,
and
to
wave
it
about until
it.
it
blazed, and
wood upon
stick,
on a
and
splints
winter use.
Where Man
and therefore
lived there
Raven
told them,
the babies
grew up
sat
in three days.
One
Raven about
the skyland.
Man
found that the skyland was a very beautiful country, and that it had a much better climate than his
Man to Man
But the people who lived there were very small. Their heads did not reach to Man's hips. The people
land.
how
to
now wear, because Man showed his people make them. In the lakes were strange animals
killed
Man
25
if
he had tried
to
drink
the tips
It
saw a wonderful animal resting upon of the grasses. It had a long head and six legs.
fine,
Man
had
were two
Raven
told
Man
it
took
many people to kill this animal. Then they came to a round hole
the edge of the hole
in the sky
and around
like fire.
was short
is
grass,
glowing
moon-dog." had been pulled up. Raven said he had taken some to start the first fire on earth.
said,
Raven
"
This
Some
of the grass
Then Raven
take you
to
said to
Man,
"
Shut your
eyes.
I will
another country."
Man
climbed upon
the star
air,
down through
else.
They
through the
When
they
sea.
at the
it
bottom of the
Man
said
seemed foggy.
Raven
was the appearance of the water. Then Raven said, " I want to make some new animals here; but you must not walk about. You lie down and if
you get
tired, turn
Man
while.
went
to sleep lying
When
on one
Then Man
26
"
thought,
wish
could
As he
turned, he
was surprised to see that his body was covered with long, white hairs; and his fingers were long claws. Then he
went
to sleep
again.
Raven
have changed you into a white bear. How do Man could not make a sound until Raven you like it? waved his wings over him. Then he said he did not
like
sea,
it; if
to live
on the
Man
should feel
badly.
Then Raven
wings and it fell off. So Man became himself again. But Raven took the empty bearskin, and placed one of
his
own
tail
feathers inside
it,
it
for a spine.
Then he
Ever
waved
his
wing over
and
Raven
"
Man
How many
You
'
Four."
"
slept just four years."
Raven
other animals.
He made
This
is
the
a fierce
animal and
around a
water.
man man
or a
wraps its four long arms kayak and drags it under the
It
it.
cannot escape
27
If he climbs out of
o'-i
O
^.
> ^
n
a
2!
those
days,
the
sun shone
always
very
No
and Raven were angry because the people killed many animals. They took a long line and a
grass basket, one night, and caught ten reindeer
Man
which
Now
The
"
said,
in those
days reindeer
had sharp
Man's
village.
Raven
many."
The
reindeer did as
Men
are
They stamped on
ate
down.
They
teeth.
up the people with their sharp, wolf-like The next night, Raven let the reindeer down; again they broke down a house and ate up the people with
their sharp teeth.
The
village
people were
much
frightened.
The
when Then
since
third night they covered the third house with a mixture of deer fat and berries.
the reindeer began to tear
On
down
mouths were
filled
Ever
harm
Man
re-
Man
It
"
said,
If the people
do
many
would be
it
Then
will be dark
and people
Raven
will go
That
is
right.
You
stay
here.
and take away the sun." So Raven went away and took the sun out of the
put
it
sky.
He
in a skin
it
far away, to a
Then
it
became dark on
when
the sun
Raven
presents of food
and
he would bring back the eun. Raven said, No." After a while Raven felt sorry for them, so he let them have a little light. He held up the sun in
"
one hand for two days so people could hunt and secure
food.
Then he put
was dark.
the earth
Then,
when
the
people
gifts,
he would
let
them have
Now
He
was sorry
So Raven's brother
Then he
died.
him
in a
Tfien they
left the
He
tree.
Soon Raven's
When
she took
He
lowed him
When Raven-Boy was born he grew very rapidly. He was running about when he was only a few days old. He cried for the sun which was in the skin bag, hanging on the rafters.
let
of the
boy
so
he
him play with the sun; yet he was afraid Raven-Boy would lose the sun, so he watched him. When Raven-
Boy began
cried
to
Raven
ever.
" said,
No."
more than
At
last
in the house.
When
house.
coat,
Raven-Boy played with it a long while. no one was looking, he ran quickly out of the
He
mask and
w ith
T
When Raven-Boy was far up in the sky, he heard Raven call, " Do not hide the sun. Let it out of the Do not keep it always dark." Raven thought bag.
the boy
had
stolen
it
for himself.
Raven-Boy flew
to the place
where
He
place.
Then he saw
followed
it
to the side of a
bright grass.
He
it
remembered
Raven had
said,
Do
not keep
made
the
is
all
Thus
it
This
the
to
the
said,
earth.
"
The people
has become
were glad
of
him.
They
What
Now
this
Man.
He
started to fly
up
he could
When
he
found he could not get back to the sky, Raven-Boy wandered to the second village, where lived the men
the
pod
Ravenchildren.
many
the sky.
magic power.
Therefore the
ter
THE FLOOD
Tlingit (Wrangell)
ENG,
world.
ple,
He
all
over the
it
At once
be-
came
to
stormy people could not get food, so they began Their canoes were also broken up, their starve.
so
fell in
houses
Then
When
he put
it
on water be-
gan pouring out of the top of it. It is from Raven that the Indians obtained this kind of a hat
When
his
Raven and
although
it
looked like
It
house
to
had
When Raven
hills.
and
his
mother climbed
to a
higher tim-
world were climbing into the Then Raven and his mother climbed to the
When
the house
was nearly
full
of
To
was
it
Raven's mother.
Then Raven
Now
the cax
is
and stayed upon the surface of the water. But Raven flew to the very highest cloud and hung there by
his bill.
But
his tail
was
in the water.
After Raven had hung in the cloud for days and days
he pulled his
kelp.
bill
out and
He
had gone down. When Raven fell upon the kelp and flew away he found the waters just half-way down
the mountains.
until
Raven took
watch the
it
as a
of the ocean.
tide.
set
Eagle
to
came
to
an old
woman.
He
said to her,
"
How
cold
this
am
last
He
repeated
At
woman
"
"
said,
*
What low
tide
is
this
The
to each other.
magic sayings.
34
Copyrighted by
1-
II.
uivcli
SKIMO
WOMAN
FROM C'\r
i:
PRINC-K OF
\\' \i ES
Copyrighted by F. H. Xowcll
kept
repeating,
'
What low
tide
are
you
talking about?
angry.
if
He
"
said,
will stick
you
At
he did
the
so.
Then
woman began
singing,
Don't,
Raven
The
tide will
go down if you don't stop." But the water was receding, as Raven had told
his
it to,
in
magic words.
"
tide,
is
watching the
" " "
Raven asked Eagle, who was How far down is the tide now?
'
The
tide
as far
is
down
as half a
man."
How
The
far
tide
down
is
the tide?
"
he asked again.
Then
Raven
the old
"
said,
woman
Let
it
started her
get dry
"
all
The
tide
You
At
Raven
last
Let
it
get
still
drier."
This
is
was
so low.
Then
them
a
for food.
food
to last
them
long time.
When
frightened.
They
back
35
long distance.
had not changed their ways. They were dancing and feasting. They asked Raven to
join them.
time ago, a
River. A~^ONG
curious shapes.
Now
him
his
the
Raven.
The
Tlingit call
all
Yel.
Qa wandered
westward.
he travelled
Now
He
at that
Qa
discovered a rock in
Then he
fitted
made
a hole
it.
through
a lid to
Raven put
the hole
man
lid
in
Twice
closes
a
it.
When
it
is
through
ebb
tide.
When
flood
he closes the
tide.
it is
Once upon
while hunt-
ing sea otters was carried out to Qa's rock by the tide.
The
trees
When
growing on
it.
Tael threw
37
his
carried
down
by the water into the hole under the rock. After some time he heard a noise. The man was putting the lid
on the hole.
Then
rise.
Tael pad-
He
began
to
ebb again.
came
Thus Tael
escaped.
t/2
u:
X D C
X
C
H
w
_*.-
iJ
HOW THE
RIVERS
WERE FORMED
Tlingit (Wrangell)
was the
first
the-head-of-Nass. PETREL
water.
He
No
one
else
might touch
Now
the
where the well may still be seen. Raven great mouthful of water, but as he flew over
These drops the Nass, Skeena, Stikine, and Chil"
said,
made
kat.
the rivers:
Raven
The water
that I drop
down upon
There
the earth, here and there, will whirl all the time.
will be plenty of water, but
it
Now
of the
when he
Raven was pure white. But water from Petrel he tried to fly out
Petrel cried,
"
smoke
hole.
Spirits of the
smoke
held
hole, hold
him
fast."
So the smoke-hole
his
spirits
Raven
until the
smoke blackened
white coat.
39
the
days
of
the
animal people,
Chicken
it
out to the
it
fire,
touch
back."
Chicken
Hawk
The
to
fire
stuck to
back
Raven.
Then
from
did as
Raven put
the fire into the rock and into the red cedar.
Then he
this
said,
"Thus
shall
fire
The
tribes
he told them.
DURATION OF WINTER
Tlingit (Wrangell)
Raven went
to
ONCE
people.
the winter.
holes in
Now
People
to
them
are animals.
So Raven spent the winter with Ground-hog and became very tired of it. But he could not get out.
Ground-hog enjoyed himself, but Raven acted like a Raven kept shouting, " Winter comes on. prisoner.
Winter comes on."
had power
Raven thought
that
Ground-hog
Now
six toes,
at that time,
Ground-hog had
to stay in his
pulled one toe off each foot, so that the winter would be shorter. That is why the Ground-hog now has but
five toes.
RAVEN'S FEAST
Tlingit
AVEN'S
but
first
get food.
Now
the
when
slides
know
all
that spring
of
Raven wanted
going
to
them
to
do
this.
He
There
is
be a
world snowslide."
nobody
in this
"
Well,
In the spring
when
and their
to the people,
"
am
going
to
have a
feast.
am
going
to invite the
whole world."
to invite
First he in-
chiefs
See myth,
42
I'i\i
FALLS. ATI. IN
went
into the
woods and
set
out to
make
RAVEN
down
of
it.
porcupines.
For
quills
cedar bark.
These he
way up and
Raven
would be afraid
That
is
why
tail
about."
why
people are
44
&>~*i-
-:
^^gr<
J*i5
^v^:|g,
f>
>
A'?. 1
w
t/3
a o
w
13
M O
r
13
1
M O >
2:
o
c|
CHILKATS
Tlingit (Wrangell)
RAVEN
make
the
their
apascan
Indians.
He
went back
into
to
their
country.
this
day
money by going there. Raven also taught Chilkats how to make secret storehouses outside of
and he taught them how to put salmon the storehouses and keep them frozen over winter.
is
their villages,
into
That
"
how
also
from
toll,
salmon."
Raven
first
seeds of Init.
how
to plant
After
was grown, he dried it and pounded it up with burned clam shells. The Chilkats made a great
money by trading tobacco with the Athapascans. Afterward Raven went beyond Copper River to Yukatat. There he showed the people how to make
deal of
4S
RAVEN'S MARRIAGE
Eskimo (Bering
Straits)
FTER
Raven had
to get
decided
married.
was
and the birds were flying southward. So Raven flew away in the path of the geese and birds on their
way
path.
to
summerland.
Raven stopped
directly in the
near.
He
down
I
at his feet
called,
Who
will
marry
at
me?
am
a
The
Soon
his feet
and
nice man."
after her.
marry me? I am a very The black brant flew on. Raven looked
said,
Who will
"What
He
They do
A
"
duck came
will
Raven hid
I
his face
and
called,
Who
Ah,
marry me?
am
man."
The
said,
this
Raven
succeed
it
then.
I shall
time."
Soon
Raven thought,
'
Now
He
hung
picked
it
it
up, strung
on
long grass
stem, and
his
about
it
his neck.
Then he pushed up
head
like a
beak
so that
mask; so he became a dark-colored young man. Then he walked up to the geese. Each of the geese pushed
up
its bill
in the
ing people.
stone, thus
same manner; they became nice lookRaven liked the girl; he gave her the
it
about her
own
Then
summerland.
geese
wings heavily and flew Raven, on outspread wing, glided on ahead. slowly. The geese looked after him, saying, " How light and
flapped
their
The
graceful he
'
is!
tired he said,
"
We
The
wanted
They
Father
be
off.
asleep.
He
" said,
We
must make
haste.
snow here
soon.
We
cannot wait."
So the geese flapped their wings and flew slowly and Raven led the others with outspread heavily along.
wings.
He was
"
until they
came
to the seashore.
They
it.
feasted
around
Early the next morning the geese made ready to go without breakfast. Raven was hungry but the geese would not wait. As they flapped their wings and
started,
Father Goose
"
said,
We
to
way
to rest; then
our next
flight will
bring us
to the
other shore."
Raven began
ashamed
to say so.
The
ily,
heavily along.
ahead.
Raven, with outspread wings, glided After a long time Raven began to fall behind.
The
Raven
He
tired.
fell
At
"
last the
geese looked
I
back.
Father Goose
said,
He
must be
active.
We
will wait."
The
Raven
When Raven
his breast.
had
hand on
He
arrow
is
It pains
me
greatly.
That
why
I fell
behind."
They
After a
Raven
Raven began to fall behind. He grew more and more tired. At last the geese looked back. Father
Goose
"
said,
He
to
must be
tired.
We
will wait."
So
down
"
Raven
flew slowly
up
Raven
said,
them and sank down upon their backs. I have an arrowhead which pierced
my
feel
That
is
why
I fell
behind."
She could
beating like a
hammer;
feel
an arrowhead.
So the geese rose again from the water. They But Raven's wings were very flapped slowly along.
tired.
Before long he
fell
behind again.
Again
the
Then
selves.
the Geese Brothers began to talk among them" do not believe he has an They said,
We
arrowhead
in his heart.
How
could he live?'
Now
this last
time
when
"
Raven,
We
We
we
So the geese rose from the water and flapped slowly along. Raven's wings seemed very heavy. The geese
flew nearer and nearer the shore; but
As he came
Leave
me
Throw
stone.
was
magic
Thus Raven
Raven
cried.
not spread.
His wings would Raven drifted back and forth with the
caps of the surf buried him.
waves.
The white
Then
Only
once
in a
to breathe.
wave
cast
him on
the shore.
Then he
He
reached some
Thus he became
took off his raven
a
man.
Then he
them on
He hung
bush
to
dry.
Raven made
fire.
Thus he dried
himself.
AS
Now
seals.
all
Raven
where
a
travelled along, he
came
to a
house
man
"
Raven
said to him,
be your friend."
The man
said,
That
is
good."
was
full
of
Raven
ate
the seals in
during two nights. He ate front of the house. Then he was hungry
them
all
again.
Raven
harpoon.
killed the
man.
Then he used
his
canoe and
seals.
Raven used
those.
Then he returned
the canoe
fire
to the shore.
He He
speared four
Then he
heat them.
built a
in
order
to
After-
ward he put
bage leaves.
the seals on a
seals
pile of
hot stones.
He
Raven then
ate
it.
He
Then he
seal.
other
Now
there
was Stump
sitting nearby.
Raven held
"
down on
seals
the hole in
which the
under
were steaming.
The
were
right
Stump. Then Raven returned, carrying leaves of skunk cabbage. When he saw Stump sitting on his He was much troubled because he was seals, he cried.
hungry.
Then he
meat and
cried
all
He
He
found a
lit-
tle bit
thing.
He
'
-.'.
.i-
''
hy
In-
SmilllSiniaH
I n.il it
nl
'it
-SKS
DOLLS
until
Little
in.
When
Raven had eaten enough, he slept. When he awakened, he said they would go to catch halibut.
Little Pitch
said,
I
tor
is
me
to
"
It
not
still
chilly.
Raven
"
said,
I shall
Chief."
"Well!"
They
wanted
fished
to
Then
all
night.
When
"
said,
I
go
ashore.
Raven
Lie
down
in the
bow
Little
Pitch did
so.
After
"Little Pitch!"
He
He
answered,
a
"Heh!"
in a
After
answered again
53
some
time,
Raven
called again,
"
Little
Then
the sun
Little Pitch's
and paddled home. He pretended to paddle hard, but he only put his pad" Little dles into the water edgewise. Again he called,
line
Now
Pitch!"
"
Heh!
"
weak.
The
still
hotter.
knew
Behold!
in the boat.
was melting. Pitch came out and ran over the halibut
Therefore the halibut
is
Then Raven
with
it.
mended
his boat
ONE
anything
about
in
his
grandfather.
off.
strayed
He
dancing blanket.
to kill
Then he caught ravens. He used the ravens. Then he took the skins of
them
together.
Then he walked
Now
he had before.
He
He
took
was not
a tree.
hung before him. Behold! it shaman's blanket. It was only the lichens on
he saw
it
Now
was only
lichens.
He
sat
down
it
and wept.
together.
He
weeping with
hunger.
another thing.
He
induced the
RAVEN
them,
He
said to
Go up
They did
fish.
so.
He
whole shoal
of olachen
jumped
Then he camped
Crab-apple place.
He
clapped
the
Then very
slippery
became
lost.
He
put olachen on
"
spits to roast
them.
Raven
called,
Little Gull!
"
ate all the
Then many
of
gulls came.
They
olachen
'
Qana, qana, qana, qana! They said, talked much while they ate all the olachen of They
Raven.
Raven.
"
sad.
So the
tips of their
Land
Otter,
You
will live in
You good fisherman. Raven said to Land Otter, will always have your house on a point where there are breezes from all sides. Whenever a canoe with people
capsizes, friends."
That
is
how
the
Land Otter
Man w as
r
created: because
If people
Raven
told this to
Land
Otter.
who
are taken
brought back by their It was through the Land Otters that shamans were
first
known.
spirits,
57
the birds to
ALONG Coot
Raven painted
to paint
charcoal.
all
When Raven
looked
Coot.
But Coot ran too quickly, so Raven threw white mud white mud which spattered over Coot. at him,
Therefore Coot had white spots on
his
left
Raven
all
1/3
>
c/i
ONCE
eater!
'
Oh, you
offal-
Oh, you carrion-eater! Oh, you black one!" Raven turned and flew far away crying, " Qaq! qaq!
qaq!
He
to a
flew far
away
came
Raven saw
him
the hole of
Marmot.
Then Raven
Marmot
came home, bringing food. But Marmot could not enter his hole because Raven stood in the wav. Marmot j
asked Raven
to
'
Raven
I
"
said,
No.
They
I
called
me
I
Now
will
show them
am not. Marmot
will eat you." " All right; but I have heard that you said,
Now,
if
will
me
see
you dance
Raven agreed
to dance.
Then Marmot
59
sang,
Raven danced.
Then
"
they stopped to
rest.
Marmot
said,
I like
your dancing.
Now
I will
So Raven shut
his eyes
Marmot
sang,
a graceful dancer! " a fool you are
!
Because Marmot, with a quick run, had darted between Raven's legs and was safe in his hole.
When Marmot
tip of his nose
was
He
"
said,
Chi-
You
What
when
dancing!
look at
me
- -
could hardly keep from laughing. Just see how fat I am. Don't you wish you
"
could eat
me?
Raven,
away.
60
in the sky.
INThen had
ple
of the
moon were
stars.
Even
the
magic
shamans
there
back the
light.
was an orphan boy in the village who sat with the humble people over the entrance way of the
kashim.
Now
was despised by every one. When the magic of the shamans failed to bring back the sun and
He
moon
"
He
said,
What
You
the
cannot bring
back the
light,
can."
Then
shamans were
angry and beat that boy and drove him out of the
kashim.
Now
this
boy was
like
Now
the
the boy
went
He
told her
shamans had
failed to bring
back the
light,
and they
The boy
"Where are the sun and moon?' The aunt said, " I do not know." The boy said, " I am sure you know.
61
Look what
that
"
If
you wish
Go
on snowshoes.
You
will
know
the place
when you
get there."
set off
The boy
south.
toward the
Many
When
Then
the boy
As he went
showed again,
Then
Thus
was
At
last the
boy came
to a large hill.
One
side
Close to the
hill
was
it.
a hut.
from
in front of
The man
Then
the
man
tossed the
So the
and disappearing.
fire.
Close to the
to
plan
how
to steal the
walked up to the man. He said, " Why do you throw up the snow? It hides the light from our
Then
the boy
village."
62
Fran. pliotograph
loaned
by the
Smithsonian Institution
SNOW SHOVEL,
PICK, RAKE,
AND
MAUL
said,
am
am
did
Who
dark
are you?
Where
I
'
The boy
want
" "
"
said,
It
is
so
at
our village
to live
do not
came here
with you."
The man said, "All right. Come into the house with me." Then he dropped his shovel on the ground. He
stooped
down
to
lead the
way through
the
underground
He
let
was
Then
in the
up
He
put
it
Then he picked
up the shovel and ran away toward the north. He ran until his feet were tired. Then he put on his raven coat
and flew away.
could hear the
He
man
Raven
pursuing him.
cried,
man You
No, you cannot have your made our village dark." So Raven flew
"
me my
shovel."
shovel.
faster.
Now
light.
Raven
flew,
he broke
in
This made day. Then he went on a long time darkness, until he broke off another piece of light.
63
So
as
Raven
he broke
When Raven
away
reached
the last
own
village he threw
He
went
into the
to the
sham-
It will
be light
night."
home was on
and the
on the other
Then
wind
arose,
ice drifted
side.
to the
land
Thus Raven brought back the light. It is night and day, as he said it would be. But sometimes the nights
are very long because
Raven
travelled a long
way
with-
out throwing
away
WHEN
til
Raven had grown quite large he walked down the bank of the Nass River one day, unhe heard the noise people were making in
Now
all
the
people
River.
in
the
world lived
"
at
that Raven-at-the-head-of-Nass
daylight."
it
They were
afraid
Raven shouted
so
to the fishermen,
Why
do you make
much
noise?
If
you make
much
Eight canoe-loads of
people
were fishing
there.
They
"
said,
You
You
are not
Raven-at-the-head-of-Nass.
'
How
can you
have the
daylight?
noise.
more
noise.
Then
the people
were frightened.
65
Some
marten
skins,
Those which had clothing of bear and wolf skins, ran into the woods
66
'
/'.//.
F.SKIMO
IN
\V
\TI-R I'ROOP
O> AT
\1 \l)l.
ol
\\'
M.Rl
INTESTINES
2!
t/a
H O
O
O d wa w
O c
2!
jo
O H
ffi
> H
cr>
O c
JO
o
JO
o o o
NOW
of pebbles.
ing them.
He
live in a place
where
wintry.
You
will
He
You
Raven
is
also saiH to
Grouse,
You know
that Sea-lion
your grandchild. You must get four more pebbles and give them to him." That is why the sea-lion has
four large pebbles.
strikes
a It
throws these
him.
at hunters. this
If
one
it
person,
it
kills
From
story
is
known
other.
that
Grouse
and
Sea-lion
understand
each
Raven
said to Ptarmigan,
of snowshoes.
It
You
will
"
will be the
to travel in
maker
snow."
was from these birds that the Athapascans learned how to make snowshoes, and how to put the lacings on.
to
Wild Canary,
67
He
"
said,
You
among
You
arc not
human
"
beings.
Keep away
from them."
Then Raven
happy by your Then Raven
chief
said to Robin,
whistle.
You
will
make people
"
You
will be a
good whistler."
said to
You
will be
among
You
will not be
found
in all places.
You
Raven
"
ocean,
live
Lugan, a bird that lives far out on the You will seldom be seen near shore. You will
said to
on lonely rocks, far out on the ocean." When Raven came to Snipes, he said, " You will
in
flocks.
al-
ways go
You
will
said to Asq-aca-tci, a small bird with yellow" You will always go in flocks. You green plumage,
Raven
That
is
where your
food
is."
said to a very small bird, Kotlai, the size of a " You will be liked. You will be seen only to butterfly,
Raven
sel-
dom
see you."
to
Then
You
fine clothes.
You
will be a
good
talker.
People will
Then Raven
said to
Xunkaha,
68
"
You
will never be
KlCl
Ri
II
\D <)\
\DI.\\
I" \\<>l
CD
O
C
TI
in
h^
S3
m O
TO en
> H H > r 7^ m
73
in
wind
"
is
to
blow."
That
is
said,
You
will
make
is
lots of noise.
talkers."
That
said to Gusyiadul,
is
You
coming.
is
ex-
coming."
To Hurnming-bird Raven
seeing you.
see
If a person sees
you again."
said to Eagle,
all birds.
Raven
and above
"
be very powerful
will be very good.
you
Raven put
talons on the
useful to him.
all
Raven went
off
to
a certain
NOW
Raven
place and
"
it,
created
West Wind.
Raven
said to
shall be
my
son's daughter.
No
matter
You how
shall hurt
nobody."
When
to
South
blow.
Wind
never ceases
of a mountain
sides.
made
a house for
in
it
with
ice
Then he went
is
and said
is
to
North Wind,
are
Your back
white."
That
why mountains
white with
snow.
70
DURATION OF LIFE
T I in git
(Wrangell)
tried
to
out of a
leaf.
first.
people.
it.
be like
is
He said, You see this leaf. You are to When it falls off the branch and rots there
left of it."
"
nothing
That
is
why
there
is
If
men had
death.
come from
"
say,
would be no
We
unlucky that we did not come from the rock. are made from leaves; therefore we must die."
It
is
GHOST TOWN
Tlingit (Wrangell)
Raven came
to a large
ONCE Raven
deserted.
have died.
felt
some one continually pushing him away. Yet he saw no one there. It was a ghost house. The place
was called Ghost Town.
from the
did not
He
was fastened
on the shore.
When Raven
had
paddled the length of the rope, the canoe was pulled right back to the beach. All the provisions were carried
back
to the houses.
see
no one.
foot.
Then
a ghost
dropped
on Raven's
HOW RAVEN
salmon
that,
they say
on their backs.
"
They
What
is
the
matter?
Raven
said,
Oh,
my
father and
Then
they started
gamble,
The
upon
and started
off again.
Raven
flew
around behind
a screen.
it
In a
trap
was
it
The
fish
was
so full of
it.
salmon
looked
shaking
There were plenty of salmon in it and in the lake were very small canoes passing each other.
Several points of land were red with cranberries.
it
together,
down
at the
edge of the
73
lake.
Then he
his
They were
up
He
had rolled
the lake
just as
though
it
were
a blanket.
Raven
sat
in the tree
half-way up.
their property!
Then
went quickly
to that tree.
They
began cutting it with their teeth. When it began to When that began to fall, Raven went to another one. After the Beavers had cut fall, he went to another.
down many
trees in this
it
up.
They
it.
After a
down on
Then
after
Raven had
to a large
open place.
He
unlet
There
it
lay.
He
did not
He
74
X D
A^ONG
They Then
the
out seal-hunting.
the sea
The weather was calm and was smooth. Then a killer whale kept men threw
stones at
it.
stones.
whale went
a
to the
beach.
in the
canoe saw
to see
smoke
rising
They went
who was
there.
When
there
man
The man
canoe?
"
said,
Why
my
You have broken it. Now go get cedar withes in the woods and mend it." So the men mended the broken canoe. When they had finished, the man said, "Turn your backs to the
Cover your heads with your fur
robes.
water.
Don't
They
water.
all
was
said,
Then
the
man
Look now."
75
When
it
came
to the surface,
behold!
there
was no canoe.
There was
Skana
a killer whale.
The
76
IN
the animals
were divided
In
Now
in those days
women
once
went out
to search for
it
wild celery
They found
there,
in
and spent
all
day gathering it. Then they tied it started home with it on their backs.
bundles and
Now among
chief.
these
women was
the daughter of a
She picked twigs as she followed in the trail in the evening light, and then slipped into the footprints The jolt loosened her pack. She of a brown bear.
stopped
to
She said
Then
Although the patterns of the Chilkat blankets vary, nearly all of them show, in symbolic weaving, the bear with his heart between his chief's eyes, Gonaqadet the sea spirit, the boy, and the father of the
daughter.
figure.
In some of them
also,
the
Only
and
77
Soon he
The
chief's
daughter confar,
They walked
to
woods
until they
came
Bear
village.
Then
to the
knew
Bear
tribe.
After a while the chief's daughter became unhappy. She wanted to go back to her father's home, but the
Bear
tribe
watched her
chief's
One day
to
Out on
saw a fisherman
him
to rescue her.
The
sprang
to the
his tribe
appeared.
kill
The
him.
Then
him
to strike
Bear
between the
So Bear
was
killed.
The
But behold!
Gonaqadet, the
he was no fisherman
spirit of the sea.
at
all.
It
was
So the
woman mar-
ried Gonaqadet,
who was
very kind
to her.
happy
again.
to
be trained by her
Copyrighted by F. H. Nowell
ALASKAN BASKETS
made her
promise that she would weave him a blanket telling of her life and his courtship. So the woman returned to
earth from the sea.
blanket.
Then
she
wove
for
Gonaqadet the
first
Chilkat blanket.
one day Yel, the Raven, wandering along the seashore, entered a great cavern under the sea. There
he
Now
beautiful
Chilkat
blanket.
food.
Gonaqadet welcomed Raven, and offered him He placed food before him in two long carved
After Raven had feasted, Gonaqadet taught
platters.
him many dances and gave him a copy of the blanket pattern. Then Raven taught the people how to weave
the blankets, but he taught the Tsimshian tribe
first.
to
weave them.
79
all
the earth.
IN
was very cold. The ice, and the ice pieces ground together, making long ridges and hummocks. Then a man came from the other side of the great
ice hills.
He
Then
their children
grew up.
language from that of their So each pair went that of their brothers and sisters.
a different
Then
It
the
the hill-
sides.
scooped out ravines and river beds and made the earth. Thus the earth was made and the people.
is
That
why
so
many
80
U
X?
water flowed
all
over the
ALONG
Now
wanted
there
to
world.
a big raft.
Then
world.
raft.
make
The man
around
a beaver
to find the
bottom of the
water.
But the beaver got only half-way and drowned. Then the man tied a string around a muskrat and sent
him down.
tom and got
took the
the botthe
mud
on his hands.
Then
man
mud
He
let it
to dust.
Then he
This
palm
all
made
the world.
81
ORIGIN OF MANKIND
Eskimo (Bering
long ago, a
Straits)
man and
Diomede
man
took some
walrus ivory, and from this he carved five dolls, just like people. Then he took some wood and made from
it
five
more
dolls.
all
were
finished, he set
them
one
row.
The
ivory
The
became men, therefore they are brave and hardy; but the wooden dolls became women, therefore they are From these ten dolls came all the soft and timid.
people of the Diomede Islands.
many men
living in the
them.
away
woman. At
last
men
in the
northland
home
of the
woman and
married
He
"
thought,
Now
headsman had
also started
to
travel to the
home
of the
woman
in the southland.
He
So he waited until
the son of the
to
all
the people
into
were
asleep.
Then
headsman crept
the house
and began
drag the
woman
away.
He
He
ran to the
woman by her feet. So the men pulled the woman in two. The son of
of her
body
to the
Then they began to carve wood to make each woman complete. Thus there were now two women.
north.
83
was
because
The woman
in the north
was
women of the north are skilful with their hands, and all the women of the south are good dancers, even to this
day.
is
true.
X
_>
a
o X
x o
Man
hunted for
seals
seals
ONE
the water.
shore.
Many
last
were
there, but as
Man
crept carefully
up
to
At
up
on the rocks.
Man
to
crept
to
it
it
was about
Then Man
feeling.
his
stood up.
full of a strange
Water began
drop from
his eyes.
He
put
hand and caught the drops; thus he saw that Then loud cries came from they were really water. Now his breast and more water came out of his eyes.
up
So they went down to the seashore. They were surprised to see water coming out of his eyes. Then Man told them he had tried
noise.
to catch seals.
He
slipped
escaped.
into
had crept carefully up, but they Thus all the seals had the water.
to
He
come out
of the eyes
Loud
first
cries
came from
their
In
this
way people
seals
learned to cry.
After-
ward,
Man
and
made
snares for
more
from
its
skin.
86
ALONG
house
tundra.
that
children.
man and his wife had no So one night the man went out of the
grew on
the
a long track of bright light, like
First he
saw
made by
the
moon
So
It led
far, far
along the
trail of
bright
man
until
he saw a beautiful
tree, all
He
man reached home, he carved a boy doll from the wood and his wife made fur clothes for it. Then the man carved little wood dishes from the scraps of wood. The wife set the doll on the bench opposite
the the entrance, in the place of honor.
it
When
That
was the
night,
when
all
tling sounds.
doll."
The woman
Do
It
When
they
made
a light, they
saw that
87
his
it,
boy doll leading away from the door. The tracks followed the direction of the trail of light which the man
So the
man and
his
wife
But Doll followed the bright path until he came to the edge of day, where the sky comes down to the earth.
bulging inward.
I
said,
"
It
is
very
quiet in here.
wind
will
make
it
better."
Doll drew
his knife
wind blew
Looking
it
a live
reindeer.
Then he drew
to
and said
East Wind,
times lightly.
another opening
The
It
Then Doll
gale swept
brought reindeer,
trees,
and bushes.
"
Then Doll
Some-
/<"i;i
photograph
/cui.-i-,.'
/>v
f/N-
.S'r//i.v 'in in
ii.i'i'nli
From
p/iotograpli
loaned
by the
Smithsonian Institution
Sometimes do not
blow
at all."
to a
He
and spray from the great salt sea which lay beyond the sky hole on that side. Then Doll closed the opening lightly and said to
wind rushed
in.
It
brought
"
lightly.
There
So he
with him
rain,
with
sleet
Then Doll
and said
to
West Wind,
"
times lightly.
to the northwest.
When
of cold
wind rushed
in,
ice.
Doll
times lightly.
it
Again Doll went along the sky wall to the north, but became so cold he had to leave it. So he went toward
away from
89
to the north.
Then he went
hole
He
Then he
cut the
North Wind swept in, bringing with him great masses of snow and ice. North Wind strewed the snow and ice all over the earth plain.
The
terrible
Then Doll
it
North Wind, " Sometimes blow Sometimes do not blow at hard, sometimes lightly.
loosely.
He
said to
all."
Then Doll
looked up and saw the sky arch, resting upon long, slender poles, like a tepee, but of beautiful blue material.
He
to the village
where he
was made.
90
ALONG bag
no wind. on
Now
when
his back.
to
in the bag.
tell
Many
them.
The man
NORTH WIND
Tlinglt (Wrangell)
Raven
left the
Land
Otters, he
came
to
lived in a cliff at
stayed there
with him.
Now
North Wind
is
all
over
So the In-
how
long
it
power.
Years ago people thought that there were spirits in all the large cliffs upon the islands and would pray to those
cliffs.
in this cliff
D u
as
ai [^
^-:
? C
r.
A
He
lived.
-IIGH-CASTE man married first the daughter of East Wind. When he heard of the pretty daughter of North Wind he married her also.
first
wife
Then people
"
Wind,
There
is
a pretty
woman
here.
Her
clothes sparkle
all over.
They make
a tingling noise."
The daughter of East Wind was very jealous. She made the east wind to blow. It began to grow warm
and cloudy.
her
Then
the daughter of
North Wind
lost all
sparkling clothing.
The
icicles
and the
frost
melted away.
Then
the daughter of
no longer beautiful.
AVIAN
named Natsayane, belonging to the People, made the killer whales. He first
them out
all
Seal
tried
to carve
He
make
Last
Then
swam.
Natsayane on one marked white
ners of
its
lines
from the
"
said,
coris
mouth back
to
its
head.
He
This
going
"
to
When Go up
he
said,
Go up
into the
head of the
bays.
Hunt
the sea.
Do
not hurt
human
beings."
Before
this peo-
know what
"
a killer
whale was.
When
People
the Killer
whale
say,
Here come
They
The
killer
swims ahead
whale spear
is
"
because
FUTURE LIFE
Tlingit (Wrangell)
ATER
it
Raven had created people, a man died. Raven came into his house and saw his wife and
children weeping around him.
Raven
raised
man and
held
to life.
Now
Raven
Raven and
man
woman
there
was no death.
Then
There
said to her,
to sleep."
trail.
When
the
woman
saw
wide
were many people on it and many fierce animals. Good people had to pass this trail in order to live again. At
the end of the trail there
was
broad
river,
and
canoe
came
river,
to
side.
When
"
said,
people came
They
You had
better
go back. We are not in a good place. We are hungry here and can get no water to drink. We are cold." That is why people burn the bodies of the dead and
place food in the
fire for
them
to eat.
If they
were not
food
burned their
spirits
would be
to
cold.
That
is
why
them
dead.
96
X
7.
A
up.
YOUNG
When
woman
on the Lower
Yukon
died.
Get
Do
in
You
are dead."
Then
was
was shaking her. Then she went with her grandfather back to the village, but the country she knew had disIn its place was a strange village which appeared.
reached
as far as the
eye could
see.
As she entered
man
told her to
it,
go
a
As soon
as
she entered
woman picked up a stick of wood and raised it to strike The woman said, "What do you want here?' her. So the young woman ran out, crying to her grandfather.
He
"
said,
This
see
is
the village
of
the
dog
shades.
Now
you
how
living
dogs
feel
when
beaten by people."
They came
to
another village.
97
man
He
rise.
The
shade was punished for pulling up and chewing grass stems when he was on earth. Then
grandfather said
the grandfather suddenly disappeared.
The
came
tears of
girl
followed a
trail to
to a swift river.
people
who on
weep
When
to
the girl
began
weep.
to her.
At once
down
the river
Upon
this, as a
They crowded around her, saying, "Who Where does she come from?' They looked
totem marks on her clothing.
is
she?
for the
Some one
"
said,
Where
is
she?
Where
is
she?
"
and
her grandfather came toward her. He led her into a house nearby and there was her grandmother. The
The girl looked about and saw only one water vessel made like those of her own village. This had in it their own Yuold
woman
asked her
if
kon water.
dead by the
It
girl's father.
The
The
Then
old
woman
at the
98
new
shade.
99
7074
THE
and started
young wife of a chief's son died and the young man was so sorrowful he could not sleep.
Early one morning he put on his
off.
fine clothes
He
walked
all
day and
all night.
He
went through the woods a long distance, and then to a The trees were very thick, but he could hear valley. voices far away. At last he saw light through the trees
and then came
to a
wide,
flat
Now
in the
all
Death
He
young man had been walking saw houses and people on the He could see them moving
So he shouted, " Come over and get me." But they did not seem to hear him. Upon the lake a little canoe was being paddled about by one man, and all the
around.
shore was
grassy.
The
chief's
son
shouted a long
last
At
he whispered
"
"Why
When
me?"
Some one
is
At once
shouting."
a w w 2 G o ^ H a w
o w
> H a
> r
Some one
has
come up from
Dreamland.
Go
When
lake,
again.
was very happy to see her People asked him to sit down. They gave him
to eat,
He
something
If
"
Don't eat
that.
So he did not
eat
Then
long.
in the
his
wife said,
"
You had
same canoe.
It
is
They landed
is
at the
broad,
flat
is
It
and
at the
Then
they started
down
through the
second night
The
The
in
wife
"
I
to stay outside.
He went
my
"
it
and said
father,
have brought
wife
back."
The
The
for the
chief said,
chief laid
"
Why
down
a nice
mat with
fur robes on
wife,
young wife. The young man went out to get his but when he came in, with her, they could see only
him.
When
he came very
close,
When
IOI
his
wife
sat
down and
hung about
shadow
ate,
just as if a person
were
sitting there.
When
she
them.
Afterward the
of
Ghost Land.
02
was
stolen
from him.
He
for her so
her.
So he began
walk.
He
thought
he was walking along the beach, but he was following He walked on for a a wide trail through the woods. long time with his head bent down, until he saw smoke ahead. When he came near he saw a woman tanning
a skin. "
said,
He
my
showed her
a necklace
he had made.
if
He
me
I will
you will
tell
where
wife
The woman
So he
long time.
"
said,
She
is
over
at the
next camp."
at last
Now
They kindled a fire and began to drag him to it. He " I want to die." Then they said, Oh, how glad I am stopped and began to drag him toward the water. The
!
man
He
was afraid of water, so they threw him came up in the middle of the lake.
said he
"
said,
in.
People
See him.
He
103
is
looking
at us."
He
that country.
Now
started
all this
while the
man and
his
Now
They
put
back
to the
She was
the spider.
The woman
" If
them
into a
lower them
said,
to the earth.
woman
web comes
up
104
ONCE
in a
the
had gone.
Because
was
go
their
provisions
to
were exhausted.
Then
fully
women
as
mend
and
to
make
These
out to search
They followed
their bags.
the seacoast.
travelled so far
new
boots from
Yet
it
was dark
all
the time.
After
many
many, many
seals
The language
own.
After
a
of the people
was
from
their
a little.
They asked
far off.
these
Before
to five
come
place.
But
in
the fourth
105
woman who
sun and
moon
in her house.
It
was very cold and they ran as Then their fast as they could because it was so cold. food gave out. But they reached a country where there
So they went on.
was plenty
language.
to eat.
Here
a little.
woman who
and moon
in
her house.
ran because
it
The people ran on. They Then when their very cold.
food.
their
was
so
The language
own.
it
of the people
was
different
from
But
stand
a little.
at the
second
would reach
lived a
woman named
in
Itudluqpiaq
but
it
who had
if
moon
to
her house,
was doubtful
Then
They had
It
run
as fast as
was very
cold.
When
was almost gone, they reached the country of the dwarfs. It was a country with plenty of food,
walrus and seal and deer.
The dwarfs tried to run away when they saw the large men coming. But the people caught them. The dwarfs said that at the next
1
06
woman
Itudluqpiaq
who had
both sun
and moon.
As
their way.
They
kicked
it all
aside.
At
lift
were very
heavy
stones.
When
they
came
near, they
At
last
one of the
men
tied
his
around
his waist
and
his trousers
around
knees.
Then he
bottom of the
sitting in
He saw
Her
father
middle of the house on the right-hand side and her mother on the left-hand side. At the back
sitting in the
was
hung
corner a small
ball.
"
Itudluqpiaq,
we came
ball."
to ask
The mother
"
said,
The man
large one.
a kick.
He
it
Then Itudluqpiaq
took
entrance hole.
The
they
it.
was not
so
warm
but
it
at once,
but
it
after day.
If they
light,
have been
The
08
THE CHIEF
IN
THE MOON
Straits)
Eskimo (Bering
FR
chief.
away in the moon lives a great hamans with strong magic visit him
chief and
there.
visit the
great
up as high as the sky because of his magic. The sky was a land just like the earth, only the grass was long, and grew downward toward the
flew like a bird
earth.
He
And
the grass
in the
was
sky
filled
with snow.
When
the
wind blows up
it
rustles the
hanging downward, and loosens the snow. When the wind blows the snow loose in the sky, it falls down upon the earth from the long grass stems, and men call it a
snowstorm.
Up
round
stars.
in
the sky,
among
lakes.
At night
is
When
he builds
snow
flies
from
snowstorm
upon
earth.
109
THE BOY
IN
THE MOON
long ago,
in a village
ONCE
and
on the great
sister.
and a
There was
sister.
also a small
hunted
at sea,
was over they went to the mountains and hunted deer. But the boy was lazy.
Now
One day
the
girl took
up
a dish of
meat and
a
berries
of the house.
hanging down by the side of it. Taking hold of the line, the girl climbed the ladder going up into the sky. Then her brothers saw her and
the sky, with a line
began
at
once
house.
and he began
to
sky,
girl
boy
following her.
no
Hox C'AXYOX o\
WHIM
PASS
,_at
the
her.
When
the
moon
but
always too
late.
almost fades
of
meat and
berries
THE BOY
IN
THE MOON
was
a great
in the village
boy
many
and
caribou.
Then
began
caribou
all
to kill
them.
The boy
when
him
they killed
must be given
him.
The
said.
dreamed
what he
Then
The
wore
Now
this
boy
on a
trousers of
marten
skin.
When
the
moon.
He
was the
boy because the right leg was larger than the left. The left leg had no trousers because it had been caught in
the
smoke
hole.
112
THE METEOR
(?)
Tsetsaut
time ago
fire
ALONG
mouth and
its
the air
animal.
also
was
fire.
from
its
back.
Flames of
shot
from
paws.
through the air. In the olden times, these monsters came often.
they have not been seen for a long time.
Now
SLEEP HOUSE
Tlingit
a
his
ONCE
his
seals.
head
like
The man kept hearing a noise around that made by a bird. At last he hit the
it
It
was shaped like a bird, only with over, and its name was Ta, Sleep.
his wife, saying,
eyelids
hanging far
to
He
"
for your
own."
So she gave it to her relatives who built a house called Sleep House. All the poles in it were carved
After that the
man
to sleep.
At
last
114
FRO/I:\ \V.\Ti Rr
\i.
i.
CRADLE SONG
Koyukun
THE
"
the
Ahmi, Ahmi,
There
is
fire.
broken,
my
husband
sun-warmth?
Hid
in the
dam
of the
Ahmi, Ahmi,
u
wake
not!
Look
woman.
Long
Long
since
my
husband departed.
Why
does he wait
in the
mountains?
sleep, little one, softly.
Ahmi, Ahmi,
1
Transcribed by J. A. Dall.
Where
is
my own?
lie
Does he
linger?
Why
does he
Comes he
tains.
him among
the
moun-
Ahmi, Ahmi,
"
The crow
His beak
1
Thanks
On
good meal to Kuskokala the shaman. the sharp mountain quietly lies your husband.'
for a
sleep, little one,
Ahmi, Ahmi,
"
*
wake
to
not!
Twenty
deer's
tongues
tied
the
pack on
his
shoulders;
Not
a tongue in his
mouth
to call to his
wife with.
Ahmi, Ahmi,
"
wake
not!
Over
Two
fat
between them.
deer's tongues in his belt.
Twenty
old
woman!
116
cheat,
and deceiver!
your father!
Wake,
"
little
sleeper, wake,
and
call to
He
While he was
on the
sitting
hillside.
Wake
Wake,
arrow
little
is
your father!
117
PROVERBS
Tsimshian
A
He He
may accomplish
some-
thing.
is
just
now
2 sleeping on a deerskin.
wants
to die
with
head. 3
You think Nass River is always calm. 4 You mistake the corner of the house for the door. 5 What will you eat when the snow is on the north side
of the trees?
1
2 3 4
Too
Foolhardiness of those
of the
who
The mouth
5
Nass
is
very rough.
gross blunder.
Improvidence.
At
is
always scarce.
118
;*
.'
'
LOOKING
DOWN
travelling
ONCE
"
I I
once he saw a
after them.
goose with
many
goslings.
Fox ran
As he ran he
shall shall
sang,
have your tender breasts before have your tender breasts before
I I
go
to sleep;
go to sleep."
to
As Fox ran toward them, the geese came and plunged in. Fox followed slowly along
of the water.
water
the edge
When
so
Fox became
over
all ex-
119
NOW
lake.
to the lake,
Beaver was the friend of Porcupine. Much they loved each other. Then Beaver
There
house of Beaver.
Now
way to go from the shore because he knew not how to swim. There-
Porcupine that he should die should his stomach be filled with water, because he knew not how
fore feared
to
swim.
Therefore
this
the
Then
hold
said
Beaver
to
Porcupine,
carry you.
"
Fast
my
neck."
He
said to Beaver,
might
to the
You
Thus
said the
Beaver
Porcupine.
to the
back of Beaver.
120
Fast hold
my
neck."
the
But not long did he swim. Beaver dived. Then much troubled was Porcupine because he knew
not
how
to
swim.
Now
own
is
the
the
among
the mountains
country of Porcupine.
Twice
rose
Then reached
he die
in the
lest
Then
Then
sticks
they
ate.
Now
for food
his feast.
Then
really troubled
was
ate
Yet Porcupine
Well,
"
then
one
day,
play."
said
Beaver
to
Porcupine:
Friend,
now we
Then
"
said Beaver
I
how he would
Thus
"
play:
carry you.
Four times
Surely
I die."
to
my
neck.
Lie close
my
neck."
Then
Yet
first
Thus he
Then dived
a little
Beaver.
Then
full
was
the
dead was Porcupine. His stomach of water. Three times the Beaver rose from
water.
Then
again
dived
From
to his tribe.
When
again
Then
Porcupine went the invited ones. Then he told them what Beaver had done in his great
into the house of
He
my
who had
dead was
invited him,
I
had done.
friend." "
He
through
Then
Good! You
This did Porcupine. He also invited Beaver, his To the house of Beaver did he send. Then friend.
came Beaver
he
to the
Up
he went.
this
Then came
did Porcu-
house of Porcupine.
Then
pine:
when Beaver
own
tail.
Then
it
a song:
"In
tail tail
of of
little little
Porcupine, pa!
Porcupine."
122
Now
He
him
when
this
was
finished,
what
Then
this
for a feast.
Then, on
his part,
to eat.
Then
Porcupine
his great
friend,
Beaver: "Eat
friend.
Eat
fast,
friend."
Then
Then
Beaver
thus said he to
play,
"to-morrow morning we
a tree
you and
is
I.
There stands
playground."
on
a grassy slope.
There
my
Then
"
they slept.
Now
walk
out falls
my
shooting
star."
to the sky,
so.
the
morning.
Now
friend.
to a
feast
Then Porcupine
"
said,
We
play,
There stands
my
playground."
Now
ice.
Where water
troubled.
with
ice.
But
but long
re-
Then Porcupine
Then
said
Porcupine,
Come, do it, friend." Thus said Porcupine to great Beaver. But the Beaver could not cross, because icy
Then
this
Thus
he got.
Beaver, just as
"
Porcupine was going to play with he also did once. So they reached the
'
Good!
Go
up!
Thus
Then much
"Well!
he
He
was
afraid.
Thus
said Porcupine.
to the
So Porcu-
pine went up
let
Up
he went
very top.
as
Then
this
he dropped,
"
An-de-be-laq!
An-de-be-laq
Then he dropped on
he!
a stone,
but arose.
Then
said
Porcupine
to
"
Beaver,
See, friend!
It
is
not hard."
Then up on
"
He
said,
to the
Fast hold to
my
neck."
And
very
fast
he held
neck of Porcupine.
near the top of the
Then
Only
Porcupine
his claws.
"
Really hold
fast,
friend.
go down first" The Beaver did so. All around the branch were his hands. Then Porcupine let go the tree. Into space he went. Again he said,
" "
An-de-be-laq
An-de-be-laq
Much
Much
Then about
"
Then
me.
up he looked
cupine:
where was
his friend.
is
Thus
said Porat
I because I fell!' Not dead Then Beaver let go the branch. Thus
Go am
on, friend.
It
not hard.
Look
said
Beaver
as
he
fell,
"Loop!
Lo-op!"*
Then Beaver
was dead.
*" Stone!
He lay on
his back.
He
Stone!"
125
an Indian
fire
camp. E>NG
them.
The
camp
this
were
eating salmon.
Marten
sat still
and watched
Indian and
a piece of
He
then that.
red salmon.
at
him
Marten on
the breast
and the
reddish
mark
126
/'v
r.
a.
ToTI M
I'oi IS
r >
T3
r >
z;
r 2 5 o
jc
M 5 a M
?3
!Z|
M >
JO
JO
o
> JO M
55
O M
Wolves had
of
a feast
NOW
Then
"
on a prairie
at the
mouth
Skeena River.
the
Then
Deer
invited
chiefs.
sat
the
Wolves
At
At once they
"
down on
the
Wolves
to the
Deer,
Laugh ye on
"
other side."
No," thus
said the
Deer
to the
Wolves,
"
ye
first
laugh."
"
at
once,
then
laugh.
"
Ha,
Go
on, ye also.
we will Ye also, on
Then
they laughed,
"Mm,
"
also ye
must laugh."
the
Wolves:
Ha,
At once
the
Deer were much afraid when they saw great teeth of the Wolves. Then again said also
"
the Wolves,
Go
on!
Laugh
closed
127
when ye
laugh.
Not
so
all over.
At once they
ate the
Only
few escaped.
Therefore
now
are the
Deer
afraid of Wolves.
128
NOW
medicine
nights
camp
the
One time
to eat, so they
asked the
man to find food for them. Therefore for six the men dreamed of a way to find food. The
camp robber was the sixth man. He dreamed on the sixth night. Then he called all the people together and
told
all
them
to
He
took
his
the snares,
make
back.
pile.
But the people heaped up the snow in a great Around this snow pile the camp robber walked,
"
By and by meat
will come."
Thus he
sang.
Then
a real
the
into the
snow and
was the
spirit caribou.
tail
snow heap.
robber
is
The
The camp
its
for
120
tails
was
among them.
That
he
is
why an
kills a
camp
robber
when
to
steals food.
He
them
lets
in the
when
the
medicine man.
no
-tv
o
C/J
w >
73
o 2 w
Straits)
ONE
air
autumn, long, long ago, the cranes were preparing to go southward. As they gathered in a great flock, they saw a beautiful girl
The
cranes wanted to
lifted her
Now
when
the cranes
were taking
could not
so that
fall.
They
There-
autumn when
cries.
preparing
to fly
many
thunderbirds
liv-
last there
were only
the
two
left.
their
home on
round top of a mountain overlooking the Yukon. They hollowed out a great basin on the summit for a nest, and
vil-
perch the thunderbirds, looking like a black cloud, would soar away, bringing back to their
this
From
young
in his
Sometimes with
a great
a fisherman
kayak and carried him away. The man would be eaten by the young birds, and the kayak broken to bits
in the nest.
Every
carried
fall
the
young
birds flew
away
into
They had
away so many fishermen that only the most daring would go out on the great river. One day when a fisherman went to look at his traps,
132
thunderbirds.
During
the morning,
river.
fell
fresh water
thunder
black shadow
a thunderbird darted
down upon
her.
When
answer.
him
of the thunderbird.
He made
no
He
took his
bow and
he looked
full of
cries.
quiverful of
war arrows
When
in.
he reached the
old birds were
The
The
nest
was
young
The hunter
war
arrow, the string twanged, and the arrow killed a young thunderbird.
all.
The hunter
nest.
When
came home,
wings was heard even across the great river; their cries of rage frightened the villagers on the river's bank.
The mother
the rock.
beside
string
Then
mother
wings
shook, flew
away
to the
northland.
The father bird circled overhead and then swooped down upon the hunter. He crouched below the rocks
and the thunderbird's great talons caught only the rock.
133
war arrow
in his
bit
Spreading his wings like a black cloud the thunderbird flew away to the northland.
134
HOW THE
KIKSADI CLAN
CAME TO SITKA
Tlingit
ago,
when we were
the
first
E'NG
a log.
us.
Then
They
destroyed us completely.
One woman
to her.
wonder
who
" "
can
tell
me
Grizzly Bear
came near
her.
What
she asked.
Whenever
my paws down
upon him."
The woman
Some one
said a voice.
"
said,
That
is
nothing."
to her.
in the
sun spoke
"
How am
I?'
What
'
"
My
So the
ered
woman married
her children.
He
that,
low-
down from
wothey
man and
When
the
enemy saw
father said,
"
When
the
became
their
woman and
He
peeped out
through the clouds upon the enemy. It quickly became smoking hot. The sea water out there boiled. The
enemy ran down quickly into the water and were all The destroyed. Then the water stopped boiling. grandchildren of Sun stayed inside their fort.
136
\ 1L\\
OF
Kl. DORADO
YUKON ROUTE
time ago
when some
came
of the
Kagwantan
where they
the
ALONG
were
fishing.
of-lake, a bear
The
bear reached
down through
is
stole
were drying.
stealing
Then people
our fish?'
said;
"Who
Then
Kagwantan
seized their
When
"
they
in holes they
had dug
The people
fight
it
said to them,
Come
out here.
We will
out."
They
That
is
how
the
Kagwantan came
to use the
man and
his
They could
canoe.
heard singing.
The
We We
You
picked up a
picked up a
man; man;
picked up a man.
They They
captured a captured a
man man
The
it
reecho
At
frog.
it."
The man
His wife
" "
This frog
is
mine.
I shall claim
No,
it is
mine.
last
I shall
claim
his
it."
At
the
man
it
let
wife
The woman
She took
it
took
it
ashore, treating
up
into the
woods, put
is
it
down by
a lake,
and
left it there.
That
why
138
as their totem.
it became angry and began to make songs. Afterward the beaver's master went through the woods
YOUNG
but
for,
to a
beautifully carved.
tree.
He
took
"
They were at the foot of a big them home and when the beaver saw
is
them he
said,
That
my
work."
He
So
began
human
being.
Then he
through
The
beaver thumped
fell into
the ground.
The
It
is
from
as their
They
also
139
ALONGwho
siane
always quarrelled
day
him
an island far
"
him
there.
Natsiane began
sat there thinking,
to think,
"
What
can
do?
As he
cottonwood bark.
shouted
as
He
They looked
as
if
they
were swimming but when they came were only cottonwood bark.
He
As he
whu, whu" When they floated Then he to the surface they were only alder wood. Afterward he tried tried hemlock, then red cedar.
spirit,
in the water,
Whu,
ivhu,
yellow cedar.
killer whales.
like large
a long distance.
When
they
into
wood.
to sea.
He
you
see
my
brothers-in-law
in
to
upset them."
to sea for
some
They became
his brothers-in-law in
their canoes, he put the spirit of his clan into the killer
Then
them
to bits.
They
After
are not
You
to
people again.
killer
You must
if
be kind
them."
So these two
spirits.
Shamans
are lucky
canoes.
It
is
through
Daqlawe
clan have
the killer
whale
141
mouth
of
NEARwomen
the
the
which
and mats.
which had almost been pulled up by He wished he the women became much frightened.
grass-stalk
were something
wish
else.
Close to
him was
bunch of
"
said,
and
quietly.
it
Grass
were an Herb."
At once
became an Herb,
One day the women came back with sharp-pointed They picks, made from the antlers of the reindeer.
up the herbs and to eat some of the roots. Again Grass was frightened. He saw a small creeping
began
to dig
Grass said,
"
wish
were
Creeping Plant."
At once he became
Grass
He
"
said,
wish
were
At once he became
a plant
having
142
r-
Copyrighted
by
Case
and Draper
CREST ED HAT
Grass thought,
become
Mouse."
He
tundra, nibbling at
While
travelling
Mouse
dropped to the ground, and after eating something would fly on. As it came near, Mouse saw it was a great white owl. Owl saw Mouse and
him.
Sometimes
darted
down upon
it,
but
Mouse
nearby and
Owl
flew away.
frightened by
".
this.
When
he
will be
Owl.
Then
white
be safe."
a beautiful
Owl.
With
slow, noiseless
north, stopping
now and
After a long
flight,
he came
Sledge Island.
Owl
thought he would go there. When far out at sea, he became very tired. He could hardly reach the shore.
As he
two
men passed along the shore. Owl thought for a while. Then he said, " I will be a Man." At once he became
a
young man, but he had no Night came on and the air became cool. Man
fine-looking
clothing.
sat
down
from the cold night air. Looking about him, Man found some grass which he wove into a loose robe, which helped to keep out
felt
He
lame and
stiff
Suddenly he saw reindeer near him. He crept on hands and knees close to one, seized it by the horns and broke its neck with a single effort. He carthe cold.
ried the reindeer on his back to his sleeping place.
felt all
He
he
its
skin
For
a
a long time
thought.
sharp-edged stone.
He
So
picked
Man
to
up and found he could cut the skin with it. skinned the deer. But he had no fire with
cook
it.
which
Looking around, he saw two round white stones upon the beach. Striking them together, he saw they gave out sparks. He then found some dry
wood and scraped off bits. With the wood and stones he made a fire, and roasted some of the meat.
the
Man
tried to
swallow
had done when he was Owl, but he could not do it. He had to cut it with the sharp-edged stone into smaller
pieces.
The
it.
And
Then
the nights
became
they
so cold
When
became
as part of his
body.
became
and the days were colder. Then Chunuhluk, the man, found some driftwood and made
still
colder,
rough hut.
After finishing his hut, Chunuhluk was walking over
when he met
among
what
he caught
by the hind
legs.
The black thing turned around with a growl and showed its white teeth. Chunuhluk quickly caught the
bear by the heavy hair and threw
lay quiet.
Then he
killed
it.
to the
his shoulders
Then he skinned
found
it.
When Chunuhluk skinned the bear, he much fat. He thought it might burn.
very dark.
a flat
it
had
So he went along the beach until he found stone with a small hollow in it. He put the oil
fat in this; then
from the
set
he put
in a bit of
fire.
Then
hut was
Chunuhluk
But
also
hung
Chunuhluk became
went
Then he
At
last
re-
membered
was Owl.
the
He
search of people.
he
with spears,
Chunuhluk crept
up
a
to the door.
way and
and saw
He
He
stepped in
very quietly.
to shoot,
raised a
"
I
but Chunuhluk
said gladly,
"Are you my
glad.
Come and
At
first
sit
beside me."
the
He
taught
Chunuhluk
of him.
all things.
Then
at last
he became jealous
scornful.
He
said
one day,
arrow.
You
can
cannot
kill
still
kill
anything without a
with
my
hands alone."
brother became
more angry.
One day both were out on the water in their kayaks. The young man said, " Now let us see who can gain the
shore
time.
first."
same
Then
young man
said,
You
are no
more
my
brother.
You go
in that direction
and
I will
go
in this."
So they parted angrily. As they went, Chunuhluk turned into Wolverine and his brother became Gray Wolf.
To
this
in the
same country,
146
time
when
Once
ITviolent
santly.
blew
inces-
go
to
Wind Man's
why
He
it
He
hitched to
Then he
started.
He came
reindeer.
Wind
People.
All the
at his sledge
and
How
'
such reindeer?
they asked.
Just put them into the boat and never
Creator
"
said,
I
mind how
took out
the
all
skin
boat
heaping
full.
Then he
Wind
People.
They loaded
and
Then
Creator's
and harness
Wind
People.
Thus
the
the
Wind
drive any
more and
snowstorm ceased.
That
's
all.
H7
ONE
to
his children,
"
He
went
to
am
saw Eagle's
nest high
up
in a tree.
He
put
Throw me down
tree over
with these
Throw down
That
's
another," said Fox. " I will not throw enough," said Eagle.
it
down.
If I
take
them
all."
Eagle was frightened and threw down another egg. Then Fox laughed and said, " I fooled you nicely.
How
down
whole
tree
with
Eagle became angry. He threw himself upon Fox, grasped him with his talons, lifted him high in the air,
148
a lonely
Fox remained on
thought
island?"
to himself,
that island.
"
He
lived there
to die
and
this
Am
I really
going
on
Fox began
'
to sing
shamans' songs.
"
Seals, walrus,
and
whales appeared near the island. they asked Fox. ing about?
"
What
are
you sing"
This
is
what
Are
there
more animals
on the
dryland?"
"
more
so the Sea
People replied.
let us see," said
"
Well,
Fox.
"
Come up
from
to the sur-
form
a raft
this island to
Then
will take a
you
all."
came up to the surface of the Fox ran over their backs, preraft.
all
count them.
But
as
That
's
all.
THE END
III