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What Is Consciousness? (pp. 109-110) 4.1 How do psychologists view consciousness?

4.2 What is the connection between altered states of consciousness and culture?

Circadian Rhythms (pp. 110-112) 4.3 How do circadian rhythms affect physiological and psychological functions?

4.4 How do disruptions in circadian rhythms affect the body and mind?

Sleep (pp. 112-118) 4.5 How do the restorative and circadian theories explain sleep?

4.6 What types of sleep occur during a typical night of sleep?

4.7 How does age influence sleep patterns?

4.8 What are the effects of sleep deprivation? 4.9 What are the various sleep disorders? Dreams (pp. 118-119) 4.10 What have researchers learned about dreams? 4.11 How do the various theorists explain dreams? Meditation and Hypnosis (pp. 120-122) 4.12 What are the benefits of meditation? 4.13 How and why does hypnosis influence the body and mind? Psychoactive Drugs (pp. 122-129) 4.14 How do drugs affect the brain's neurotransmitter system? 4.15 How do physical and psychological drug dependence differ? 4.16 How do stimulants affect behavior? 4.17 How do depressants affect behavior? 4.18 How do hallucinogens affect behavior?

4/12/2012 9:32:00 AM Developmental Psychology The study o how humans gro develop and change throughout the lifespan o Phsical domain: changes in body o Cognitive domain: changes in thinking memory, Key o Nature: biological predspositions o Nurture Landmark Thoeries o Jean Pigaget o Theory Jean Piget Theory of Cognitive Development o Schemes plans actions to be used in o Assimilation: o Accommodation: modifying schemes 4 stages o Sensorimotor: Infants gain understanding of the world though Thought confined to things directly perceived By the end of this stage Object permanence Voiolation of Ec o Preoperational Symbolic function: words, pretend play Egocentrism Others see and think o Concrete Understand concept of conservation: of number, substance length Reversibility

Formal Operrations Neo Piagetian Appriach Increase in woking memory can account for all age-rekation ca account for all afre

Lev VYgotsky Socicultur approach Focus on Zone of Proximal Development Scaffolding: hand in hand teaching, so a child can learn how to do a particular task Bronfn Critciing tasks Things that directly influence child Iderict affect in chid MKohl Cahnges in moral moral reasoning Heinz dilemma Stage 1: right Stage2: is wat rewards COnventinal Level: internalized standards of others o Stage 3: whatever pleases other o Stage 4: expectations of society Post conventional o Stage 5: laws should protect individual and society snd should change if they fail to do so o Stage 6: Erik Erikson Theory of Psychosocial: every stage face crisis o Stage 1 Sense f trust o Tage 2 Aut o Stage 3: Prenatal Developemeny zygote attaches major systems, organs and bodily structures develop Rapid growth of fetus Teratogens

 Can cross the placental barrier o Affect the fetus Influence severity o Dose o Genetic predispositions of abby and mother o Cobination o Timing Most damaging durong embryotic Perceptual Development Early preferences female Voices Sweet tastes Faces Mothers face v. strangers face How might hes preferences relate to evolution Mother is orimary caretaker Breast milk is sweet Perception of Faces Facial Discrimination Results o o o o o Infants have an innate ability to discriminate etween any face initially, but become specialized based on the environment Visual Clliff Experiment Depth persception test: can infants perceive drop off Behavioral test: dp th Results: o New crawlers will crawl off Thoeries of Language development Behavioral Theory: Skinner_ Reinforcement for correct speech Imitation theory: Nativist Interactionist Motheres 1. COOING 2. Babbling 3. One word stage: over extention, uderextentionllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

4. Telgraphic speech: short sentence 5.