ASSIGNMENT NICMAR / CODE OFFICE

1. Course 2. Course Title

- NCP 22 - Construction personnel Management

3. Assignment No. 4. Date of Dispatch 5. Last date of receipt Of Assignment at CODE office

- One -

Submitted By; Name Registration No. : : Jagadeesan.G SODE 27-01-11-3208-282

ASSIGNMENT

You are a Project Manager on site where work for 3K.m. long Tunnel has been undertaken. The site is remote and takes about 2 days travel to nearest town. Supervisors, Technicians & Skilled Workers are engaged in dangerous / hazardous work. Absenteeism due to sickness, quarrels, drinking are adding to less output of work and chances of accidents on site are increasing. Management has urged to do something so that time targets can be achieved. Discuss how will you tackle the problem and increase the output of the work.

SOLUTION

Introduction of Main Problem: -

1. Absenteeism Due To Sickness 2. Absenteeism Due To Quarrels & Drinking 3. Accidents at site 4. Technical problems

Reasons of Various Problems: -

Lack of Manpower Management (or) Planning Un-Hygienic surroundings & Temporary Accommodation Lack of Medication Consumption of Alcohol Availability of Alcohol

Storage of materials Roof Spalling Water seepage

Needs and Their Fulfillment on Site: -

Lack of Manpower Management (or) Planning: Prepare a proper schedule of

the Project and Assign Resources to each Task i.e. each Activity, Assigning Resources means Identify manpower required for each Task and what is the availability of manpower and how much work has been done till date and how much work is to be done. Identify Type of manpower required i.e. Skilled (or) unskilled .If manpower is in adequate try to get more manpower or Try to use the available manpower Fully so that maximum amount of work to complete and try to complete the Urgent woks such that it dose not effect our project duration, reschedule the project and updated schedule to head office and inform them weekly work progress so that they can help you to

overcome the manpower problem (or) try to motivate the available manpower by giving extra benefits if they complete the project in time. (or) if manpower is very less than required then immediately inform head office so that they can send some more manpower so that the project can run smoothly

Suggestion & Recommendation to Management on Manpower Management (or) Planning: Manpower planning involved some of steps if the management and

project manager follow these steps there will be no problem due to the manpower in the project, because the Tunnel project is a large project more number of manpower is involved in the project and they are at different levels and management has monitor all are working properly are not, if not they have to have do some other arrangement are try to motivate the manpower so that the project progress smoothly.

Understand the project in all respects and get all details of the projects i.e. Site condition, contract conditions, technical specifications, construction

techniques, and time frame. Working out the labour component in various parameters of the project .by using constants to workout labour requirement Classifying and categorising labour requirement and various jobs by level of skill, responsibility, nature of work etc. Determine the duration of each job or task at every stage of project.

Estimate the number of manpower required in view of the anticipated of absenteeism and labour turnover and the stability factor. Manpower management has some principles to

follow that should be known by the project manager and also the management of the company.

The principles are as follows: Care and skill should be exercised in the selection of employees. Introduction to the job should be friendly skillful and adequate. Each employee should be made to feel that his efforts are really appreciated. Consideration should be given to the effect that each rule and instruction may have on the feelings of employees. Employees should have apart in planning those things that affect their working conditions. Management should be absolutely fair in every policy and every practice. Each employee should have a feeling of pride in the worthwhileness of his work and his company.

Based on the construction programme and various other norms, the administrative set up is worked out for completion of project. It is proposed to have two Chief Engineers (Level-1), one for head works and other for canal & canal structures headed by the Project Manager. Under the Chief Engineer (Head work) four circle

offices will be proposed and under the Chief Engineer (Canal & Canal Structures) three Circle offices will be proposed. There will also be one Director (Administration), one Director (Finance), one Director (Quality Control) and one Director (Technical) under the Project Manager. There will also be attached Superintending Engineer (Mechanical) under the each Chief Engineer. All these offices will be suitably located for effective monitoring and control over the execution of project. A chart showing the administrative set up is shown below

Un-Hygienic surroundings & Temporary Accommodation: Before Starting of the project Management has to well plan because this project is long duration so manpower involved will be more it is the one of the preliminary need for the employees & workers.

Suggestion Methods for Hygiene Factors: - Management has to well plan for the temporary shelters in such a way that number of workers will be involved in the project and how many shelters are required and for different category of employees will be working at site and different types of shelters should be constructed with different facility what all materials required for construction any how much time required to construct it so that all those thing should be completed before starting of project, Management should built temporary shelters for the workers who will be working at site because the site is at remote area workers cannot be able to say at there home and come for work it is the preliminary requirement for the workers so management has to take extra precautions, A site office also be built with all

necessary requirements, dinking water should be good because most of diseases are spread by water so it is important step to taken care by management.

Lack of Medication: Management should send a medical team to site and they should stay there till completion of project. They should be supplied necessary equipments and medical kits so that they can manage any hazardous situation i.e. any sudden accidents they can handle the situation, any epidemic occurred they can over come that situation. By this work will be smoothly progressed and number of workers absenteeism will be reduced. Worker who is sick will be taken care by medical team he will be recovered quickly and he can start doing the work so that manpower problem is solved.

Consumption and Availability of Alcohol: This is the major problem with labour because they drink daily after work so that they get some relief from whole day work and body pains, but management should try to avoid drinking alcohol or try to get them in limited dose so that they have it n just go for sleep if they get it in excess quantities they will be drinking whole night and next day they will be absenteeism and also after excess drinking they start quarreling between themselves its a big problem for the project manager while quarreling they may be any accidents that leads to more absenteeism that will also indirectly effects the progress of project. If this quarreling happens regularly then management has

to take some precaution steps to handle that problem. Such as try to avoid the availability of alcohol near the site so that the labour cannot consume much alcohol and this problem is solved and the project may continue smoothly

Storage of Materials: This is also a major problem for such a big project and at remote place materials will be at site well before start of project so store rooms should be properly built well in advance so that it will not create a problem while execution of work for that what all employees required and how many number required should be planned before so that materials are properly handled by this only the cost of project depends.

Roof Spalling: The management should have complete knowledge of what all technical problem may occurs while execution of project and it has to take proper precautions and it should be well planned before so that it would not effect the project duration, what are causes of the problems and how to over come the problems. The cause of roof spalling is type of formation of rock, rock with excess of foliations, joint & poor rock mass leads to the rock spalling.

Suggestion & Methods to over come Roof Spalling Problem: -

Tunnel should be properly scaling to remove loose rock mass & cement grouting should be done so that the rock will get some extra strength so that it can hold properly it cannot be fallen down easily Tunnel should be properly provision of steel ribs immediately so that it will be support on the steel rids and work can be progress smoothly and project manager should have all this materials well in advance because these materials are required suddenly.

Water Seepage: The management should have complete knowledge of what all technical problem may occurs while execution of project and it has to take proper precautions and it should be well planned before so that it would not effect the project duration, what are causes of the problems and how to over come the problems. The cause of water seepage is manly due to the discontinuous rock formation, Ground water table height etc.

Suggestion & Methods to over come Water Seepage Problem: While

designing the tunnel they should provide proper drainage system so that if the water is accumulating in the tunnel it will affect the progress of work, so drainage system should be such that water accumulated should be quickly drained any from working

space so that it dose not affect the work progress. Or proper grouting should be done so that the rock will get more strength so that it can stop the water seepage into the tunnel. This is the easy method to over come the seepage problem, the other method to overcome the seepage problem covering the tunnel section with water proofing membranes it will also not allow the water to seepage into the tunnel so that work can be progress smoothly.

Recommendation to Management: Top Management should be more

responsible and it should have to properly monitor the progress of work and if any urgent needs at site should be fulfilled as quickly as possible and it should see that the lower and middle management is working properly are not. If any accidents are hazardous situation then top management has to urge to do some help to lower and middle management so that they can over come the situation they must send some team so that will help them and work will be progress smoothly. Tunnel project is a very large project it will take lot of time to complete the whole project so management has to be well prepared of all the fore coming situations i.e. labors problems, absenteeism etc. Management has to determine the functions of each level of management it should be clear for all the employees and management has to monitor such that each employee is doing his duty properly are not.

FUNCTIONS OF TOP MANAGEMENT:

1. Determining the objectives 2. Framing policies & making plans to carryout the objectives & policies. 3. Setting up the organizational framework to conduct the operation as per plans. 4. Gathering the resources needed to put the plans into effect. 5. Controlling the operations through the organization.

Middle management is concerned with the task of implementing the policies & plans chalked out by the top management. Middle management consists of departmental heads exercise the usual functions of management in respect of their own departments. They have top plan the operations, issue instructions to their assistants; collect the resources required & control the work of the men under them.

FUNCTIONS OF MIDDLE MANAGEMENT:

1. 2. 3.

Understanding the policies framed by top management. Preparing the organizational set-up in their department. Finding out the suitable operative & supervisory personnel & fixing duties

& responsibilities to them. 4. 5. 6. Arranging & issuing instructions to the assistants & operatives. Motivating the personnel for higher productivity. Co-operating with other departments for smooth functioning of

organizations.

7.

Collecting reports, statistical information & other records about the work

turned out in the respective departments & forwarding the same to the top management. 8. Recommending to the top management new or revised policies for their

departments to obtain better performance.

LOWER LEVEL MANAGEMENT: -

It is the lowest level in the administrative framework & actual operations are performed here. Foremen supervisors assisted by a no of workers & clerks carryout the actual operations as per schedule. Their authority & responsibility is limited & they have to follow the lines drawn by the higher levels of management. The foremen or supervisors are responsible for carrying out work orders allotted to their respective departments. They pass on the instructions of middle management to the workers. The quality of the workmanship & quality of output will depend upon the hard labor, discipline & loyalty of the operating personnel.

Motivation of Employees in Construction Project: Motivation is the driving force within individuals that drive them physiologically and psychologically to pursue one or more goals to fulfill their needs or expectations. Motivators may be intrinsic or extrinsic. An example of an intrinsic motivator is the self-fulfillment of a worker as a result of performing a task well.

Motivation of labor in Construction Project: Construction labor can be motivated. This is important because dwindling productivity is a major problem confronting construction today. Productivity has decreased every year for the past decade, in part because of increasing design complexity, more rigorous federal and state regulations and socioeconomic changes affecting the work force. Our findings indicate that a highly motivated workforce enhances productivity and project effectiveness. In construction, the work itself that is, the building of a structure for all to behold is a key motivator for all levels of management and the work force. Therefore, a well-planned project seems to be the first and most important step to achieve good productivity. Unfortunately, on large industrial projects, craftsmen often receive only minimal amounts of information about their work. Duplication of effort, numerous modifications to plans, and schedules that consistently slip makes it difficult to maintain a motivated workforce. On large power plant projects, changes in design and problems with material availability are considered the major demotivating factors. With effective pre-planning, the availability of materials will be checked before workers are assigned to an area so workers do not start in one location only to have to be shifted to another location. Care in this respect should improve worker motivation and productivity and help promote a high level of accomplishment. Most foremen and craftsmen take considerable pride in the work they do. Having to rip out their work and redo it can be extremely discomforting. In fact, if it is extensive, redoing parts of a project may be the worst demotivator of all. Craftsmen view overcrowded conditions and crew interference due to extensive rework as demotivating. Worse, such problems can create hostile feelings

as a result of the frustration. Design standardization can help to minimize rework and improve morale.

Motivational programs: Although some unique motivational programs were found, the vast majority can be grouped into five primary categories: goal setting, incentives, positive reinforcement (i.e., recognition for a job well done), worker participation, and work facilitation. The following presents a dissertation on each of the five categories discussing first their use in other industries and then their application to construction.

Absenteeism and Turnover: The Department of Energy study indicated that the absenteeism and turnover are a relatively minor concern to workmen. Still, they can have a major impact on total project productivity. High rates of absenteeism are a concern, however, to individuals who had to carry extra workloads to compensate for missing crewmembers. The low job satisfaction resulted in high absence from work and high turnover. Thus absenteeism and turnover can be viewed as effects of motivational Activities or demotivational concerns. The cost of motivational programs is often justified by the reduced absenteeism and turnover.

For example, the cost of M2 group Engineering Pvt Ltd. Big Designing & Construction Company On eight projects has been more than paid for by the

reduction in absenteeism and the reduced costs associated with hiring fewer workmen. Director indicated that it required some amount per employee to process paper work plus two to three weeks of each new employee's time to learn the job. Again, the figures on attendance and turnover measure the motivational effort that is financially justified. Moreover, awards for good records are perhaps the most effective method to decrease absenteeism.

Bibliography: Management in organization by Koontz and Odoneal, MacGraw Hill Publication.

Managing Director

Co. Sec

Chief Accountant

Marketing Manager

Purchase Manager

P r oj e c t Ma n a g e r

Technical Manager

Personal Officer

Site Engineer

Welfare Supervisor

Welfare Personal Supervisor

Time Office Supervisor

Labours