Unmanned highway patrolling system BLOCK

DIAGRAM

POWER SUPPLY
These form an important equipment of any electronics laboratory. Power supplies are essential for the testing and implementation of any useful electronic circuit. If power supplies are not available then the only way to provide power to a circuit is the battery. For long term use and frequent manipulation these are not feasible. Moreover these are not as flexible as modern day power supplies. They do not provide for overload protection and thermal protection. The following units form the backbone of any modern day power supply. A. Full wave bridge rectifier B. Filter circuit C. Voltage regulator In the case if modern power supplies, the required power is derived from the AC mains. For this at first the 230V/50Hz is step down using a step down transformer. Then the AC voltage is converted to DC using a rectifier circuit. The bridge rectifier is considered the apt choice since it avoids the centre-tapped transformer. The ripples from the rectifiers, output are removed by filtering. The filter can be any of the following: i. ii. iii. iv. L filter C filter LC filter CRC filter

Here we use capacitive filtering. The function of the voltage regulator is to provide a stable DC voltage for powering other electronics circuits. The voltage regulator must be capable of providing substantial output current. They must provide a constant voltage regardless of changes in load current, temperature and AC line voltage. Although voltage regulators can be designed using opamps, it is quicker and easier to use IC voltage regulators. Furthermore, IC voltage regulators are versatile and relatively inexpensive and are available with features such as programmable output, current/voltage boosting, internal short-circuit current limiting, thermal shut down, and floating operation for high voltage applications. Voltage regulators may be classified as: Series regulator Switching regulator

Series regulators use a power transistor connected in series between the unregulated DC input and the load. The output voltage is controlled by the continuous voltage-drop taking place across the series pass transistor. Since the transistor conducts in the active or the linear

region, these regulators are also called linear regulators. Linear regulators may have fixed or variable output voltages and could be positive or negative. Voltage regulators such as the 78xx series and the IC 723 are commonly used. Switching regulators operate the power transistor as a HF on /off switch, so that the power transistor does not conduct current continuously. This gives an improved efficiency over the series regulator. The IC 723 can be used as a switching regulator too. With the advent of microelectronics it is now possible to incorporate the complete circuit of a voltage regulator on a single monolithic silicon chip. These provide for higher reliability, low cost, reduced size and excellent performance. The 78XX, 79XX families and IC 723 are good examples of monolithic general-purpose regulators. Here we use the positive voltage regulators 78XX series.

78XX Series Regulator The 78XX series of regulators are 3 terminal, positive fixed voltage regulators. There are 7 voltage options available like: 5V, 6V, 8V, 12V, 15V, 18V and 24V. The 79XX series are negative fixed voltage regulators. These regulators are available in 2 types of packages: Metal Package(TO-3) Plastic Package(TO-220)

ADVANTAGES

No need of highway police for patrolling Since this is an automatic system, highway police is not required for patrolling. Accidents can be reduced and road safety is ensured

Accidents due to over speeding, use of alcohol and mobile while driving can be reduced and thus road safety is ensured up to an extent.

Rules are strictly followed Vehicle theft can be reduced In case of vehicle theft the location of the vehicle is detected with the information from the towers.

DISADVANTAGES
Network availability As we are using SIM in the GSM modem for its operation, network availability is necessary. The system will not work in the areas where network is not available.

FUTURE SCOPE

The implementation of 3G technology and camera Using 3G technology camera can be implemented, through which the photo of the offender is taken and send to the authorities. Introducing GPS technology With GPS technology vehicle can be tracked in the case of vehicle theft Detection of rule violations Rule violations such as signal breaking and parking issues can be detected.

CONCLUSION
The citizens are the biggest assets of any country. The loss of precious human lives due to road accidents is hampering Indias progress. We hope our project will efficiently ensure safe circumstances for transport and reduce the number of road accidents.

REFERENCES
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) www.8051projects.com www.electronisforyou.com www.extremeelectronics.com www.alldatasheet.com www.datasheetcatalog.com