INDEX

Alston, John, 37, 149n557 America, 138, 175n28 Anderson, Joseph, 65, 71 Anderson, Wise and Company (Liverpool), 64 Anglo-Indian merchant houses, 66, 73 Arlett, William, 137 Austen, Jane, 118 Avia Steel and Tool Company Ltd, 140 Balliol College, Oxford, 136 banking failures, 109, 138, 163n60 bankruptcy, 66, 169n60 Barker, Hannah, 163n55 Batavia, 64 Bate, William and Henry, 139 Bates family (Liverpool), 19 Bates, Miss, 16 Bennett, Arnold, Anna of the Five Towns, 107 Bentley, Thomas, 56 Berenson, Edward, 5, 6 Best, Mr (Bolton), 88 Birmingham, 24, 31, 139 Black Country, 25, 33, 67, 111 Bloxham and Fourdriniers (London), 107 Bonaparte, Napoleon, 15, 129 Boultons Soho Works, 25 bourgeoisie, see Victorian bourgeoisie Boyce, Gordon, 1920 British Tool and Engineering Company, 139 Bront, Charlotte, 18 Burgess, Mr (Calcutta), 138 Burtons Mill, Middleton, 113 business and bailiffs, 108 and economic forces, 1278

and family firms, 128 and informal networking, 96 and local investments, 1089 see also banking failures; bankruptcy; credit systems; entrepreneurs business history, 45, 19, 57 Buxton (Derbyshire), 78, 91, 95, 125 Calcutta, 7, 24 see also Palmer and Company; T. E. Thomson and Co. Ceylon, 67 Chafer, Miss (later Wilkinson), 15, 54, 123, 156n92 Chapman, Mrs, 29 Chapman, Stanley, and merchant enterprise, 66, 159n24 Chapone, Hester, Letters on the Improvement of the Mind, 53, 144n30, 156n84 Chia, Robert, 60 Chubb and Co., 67, 159n32 class and ESs views, 11213 the middling sort, 3, 45, 56, 11314, 123, 128, 130 Victorian bourgeoisie, 107, 114, 116, 128, 130 Cobbett, William, 23, 113 Cohen, Deborah, 11314 Colne (Lancashire), 1, 28, 29, 41, 86 commercial journeys, 24, 301 and absence from home, 1112, 55, 845 and competitive conditions, 37, 150n56 and geographic coverage, 312 and JSs dislike of, 27, 82 and network built by JS, 34 and physical hardships, 823

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Entrepreneurial Families George Street, Wolverhampton, 114, 117, 170 Gibbons Bank, 163n60 Gisborne, Thomas, An Enquiry into the Duties of the Female Sex, 52, 53, 155n55 Goodall and Alston (haberdashers), 37, 149n556 Goodall, Michael, 37, 149n55 Goodman, Dena, 18, 201, 46, 51 Becoming a Woman in the Age of Letters, 145n47, 155n73, 153n33, 153n41 Gordon, Eleanor, 80 Grant, Mrs, 11314 Greenleaves, Henry, 119 Grill, Jean Abraham, 20 haberdashers, 37 Habermas, Jrgen, 21 Hamilton, Eleanor, 90, 141n8 Hanna, Martha, Your Death would be Mine, 12, 142n16 Hardwareman, 1345, 138, 173n5, 174n6, 175n25 Harmonic Society (Wolverhampton), 105 Henderson and McKinley, 37 Henry Pooley and Thomas Walker (ironmongers), 26 Henry Stuart and Company, 139 Hobsbawm, Eric, 129 Holden, Isaac, 19, 21, 48, 117, 142n10 Holden, Sarah (ne Sugden), 19, 21, 48, 142n10 Holland, 95, 165n2 Holt, Robin, 60 Hordern, Alexander, 116 Hordern and Company, 163n60 Hordern, Miss, 109 India and British policy, 137 and British traders, 668, 73 see also T. E. Thomson and Co. industrial revolution, 3, 24, 25, 26 and networking, 96, 106 J. & W. Hawkes (Birmingham), 139 Jenks Brothers Ltd, 139

commercial travellers, and stress, 161n25 Conger, Vivian Bruce, 118, 121, 145n51 Congregational Church, 106 Connell, C. Matheson, 66 Crane, Henry, 13, 723, 149n42 and business profits, 35 and death of JSs son, 734 and family friendship, 105, 106 and partnership with JS, 234, 30, 33, 345, 89 and Thomson, 69, 734 credit systems, 367, 107 bills of exchange, 82, 107 credit terms, 63, 70, 88, 159n37 customers, and JS, 303, 356, 389, 75, 1012 Defoe, Daniel, 52 Dickens, Charles, 97 Dodds, P. (casual labourer), 34 Dreyfus, Hubert, 3 East India Company, 66 East Indies, 64, 65, 66, 70, 139 Edwards, Elizabeth (later Shaw), see Shaw, Elizabeth ( JSs mother) Ellesmere, 32, 175n24 English, John (pin factor), 37, 148n41 entrepreneurs and competitive conditions, 378 and entrepreneurial qualities, 34 and the family firm, 115 female entrepreneurship, 87, 129, 163n55 epistolary novels, 10, 13 Evan ( JSs cousin), 27, 123 factories, 25 factors (middlemen) and competition, 379, 1278 and economic role, 23, 24, 30 and JS, 7, 34, 48 familism, 106 fatherhood, 80, 161n17 female entrepreneurship, 87, 129, 163n55 Finn, Margot, 72, 12930 Flores, Fernando, 3 Franklin, Deborah, 121 French, Michael, 160n3

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Index Jenks, George Clement, 140 Jenks, Reginald P., 140 Jeremy, David, 105 John Shaw and Sons Ltd, 13340 anniversary pamphlet, 133 cash reserves, 1378 centenary celebration, 134, 173n5, 174n6 and Hand Tool industry, 139 limited liability company, 136 and takeovers, 13940 Jones, G., 66 Joseph Rodgers and Sons, 62, 63, 65 Journey Books, 301, 32, 102 Kay, A. C., 129 Kendal, 30, 31, 32 Kruger, Paul, 139 Laclos, Pierre Choderlos de, Les Liaisons Dangereuses, 10 Lancashire, 24 and ES, 15, 28, 43 and ESs family visits, 1, 77, 78, 89, 91, 92 and JSs journeys, 31 and Luddite riots, 113 Lancaster, Miss, 17 Latham, Jos (warehouseman), 34, 39, 89 Laws, E. (warehouseman), 334 Laycock, Mr, 29 Leamington Spa (Warwickshire), 95, 114 letter-writing, 13, 18 epistolary relationships, 1617 and semi-communal letters, 1213 and the Shaws, 6, 912 courtship, 7 privacy, 1314 subject-matter, 1516 tone of JSs letters, 19 letters, as research sources, 6, 7 Linkin, H. K., 156n84 Lister, Anne, 104 Liverpool and JS, 31, 32, 102 and William Shaw, 24, 25, 26, 31, 32 Lomax, James, 17 Lomax, Mary, correspondence with ES, 1617, 47, 153n40

185

Lomax, Mr, 29 Lomont, Miss, correspondence with ES, 16 London, 256, 95 and Shaw and Crane, 108 Luddites, and riots, 113 Lyons, Martin, 16, 18, 20, 145n58 Macclesfield (Cheshire), 31 McCloskey, D., 130 McKendrick, Neil, 31 Manchester, 24, 32, 87 Mander, B., 105 Mander, C. N., and family business, 168n39 Mander, Miss, 103, 104, 105 marriage, 43, 45 companionate marriage, 41, 42, 51, 1301 and ESs views, 456, 47, 524 Marshall, Alfred, 25 Matheson, James, 667 Merchandise Marks Act, 138 Methodists, 47, 48, 49 and wealth, 112, 113, 170n46 middlemen, see factors Middleton (Lancashire), 113 Middlewich, 32 middling sort (middle classes), 3, 45, 56, 11314, 123, 128, 130 see also class Midgeley, Mrs, 45 missionaries, 71 Moore and Wright (Sheffield) Ltd, 139 Morton, Joseph, 35, 149n45 motherhood, models of, 80 Mller, Leos, 20 Nair, Gwyneth, 80 Nantwich, 32 Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 15, 129 Nelson, R. K., 56 Nicholls, Arthur Bell, 18 non-conformists, 1, 23, 4, 112, 150n3 Northampton, 24 Nottingham, 37 Nussey, Ellen, 18 Onions and Company (Birmingham), 139 Osbourn, Joseph, 25

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as Liberal MP, 137, 175n16 world tour, 137, 1389, 175n22, 175n28 Shaw and Crane articles of partnership, 149n423 business partnership, 345 business relationship with Thomson, 69 Palmer and Company (Calcutta), 66, 67, and Chubb agency, 67 68, 73 credit and bills of exchange, 36, 107 patriarchy, 51, 79 expansion to India, 7, 602, 634, 668, Penn, 24, 146n5, 171n17 712 Perry, John and William, 389 profits, 35 Pireaud, Marie and Paul, 12 and takeover, 389 Plimley and Company, 139 warehouse running costs, 334 Polwhele, Richard, The Unsexd Females, Shaw, Edward Dethick (182186; son), 72 156n84 and bequest from JS, 115 Pooley, Henry, 26 business expansion, 134, 139 Proust, Marcel, 125 illness and death, 136 Shaw, Elizabeth (Betsey) (b.1819; daughter), Queen Street Congregational Church, 106 72, 77, 91, 116, 125 Shaw, Elizabeth ( JSs sister), 42 Rawson and Holdsworth, 62, 634, 65 Shaw, Elizabeth (ne Edwards; JSs mother), Rawson, Norton and Co., 65 24, 26, 278, 42 religion advice to JS, 123 and ES, 478, 11112, 114, 153n43 and ESs visits, 103 and JS, 47, 1056 and marriage, 43 Rhodes, Cecil, 139 relationship with children, 423 Richardson, Samuel, Clarissa and Pamela, Shaw, Elizabeth (ne Wilkinson) 10, 13 business Robert Wise and Company (Batavia and attitude to speculation, 367 Singapore), 64, 158n18 involvement in business with JS, 87, Rochdale, 32, 62 8890 and ES, 28, 29, 102, 103, 118 and JSs commercial journeys, 78, 845 Roper, Michael, 20, 145n60 courtship, 467, 4851, 53 Rothman, Ellen K., 56, 145n49 engagement to JS, 13 Ryton, Mr, 70 ES and JS as coscribblers, 910 see also letter-writing Sarah (servant to Shaw family), 14, 92 family background separate spheres thesis, 7980, 801, 87, and Colne, 25, 2930, 86 1301 and family businesses, 289 Sesquicentum, 134, 138, 139, 140 parents and siblings, 434 Svign, Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marand Rochdale, 118 quise de, 10 marital home, 87, 118 Seymour, Mark, 20, 21 furnishings and instructions to JS, Shackle, G. L. S. (economist), 61 1202, 172n39 Shaw, Charles E. (d.1942; grandson), 1345, George Street, Wolverhampton, 114, 137, 140, 173n5 117 apprenticeship in firm, 1356 Oxley House, 11415 and Balliol, 136 marriage, 4, 5, 558, 923, 97 and British policy in India, 139 Oswestry, 32, 148n38 Overend, Gurney and Company, 138 Owen and Fendelow, 139 Owens, A., 115 Oxley House, Bushbury, 114, 115

Index and birth of children, 72, 160n46 companionate marriage, 41, 51, 57, 1301 and dowry, 978, 99100 family holidays, 95 home and motherhood, 129 views on marriage, 456, 47, 524 opinions on class, 112, 130 on education, 1034 on Luddite riots, 113 on Wolverhampton, 118 personal dress and fashion, 122, 123 personality, 48, 119, 120 reading material, 52, 53, 122, 156n79, 156n83 religion doctrinal differences, 478, 153n43 and frugality, 11112, 114 social networks correspondence with friends, 1617, 47, 153n40 social life, 104, 105, 10910 virtues and values, 130 Shaw, Ernest E., 135 Shaw, John (17821858) apprenticeship, 26, 27 business, 67, 96 attitude to speculation, 367 credit and trust, 1012 ESs involvement, 87, 8890 fears and pressures, 823 firm and family, 128 investments, 97, 109 items sold, 111 and Journey Books, 301 networks, 97 overseas travel, 95 views on business partnerships, 28 Wilkinson family as customers, 97, 102 see also commercial journeys; customers; intermediation; John Shaw and Sons Ltd; Shaw and Crane; T. E. Thomson and Co. courtship, 467, 4851, 53 engagement to ES, 13 JS and ES as coscribblers, 910

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see also letter-writing death of son John, 70, 73, 74 family background, 3, 423, 86 last will and testament, 11617 marital home, 1202, 124 George Street, Wolverhampton, 114, 117 Oxley House, 11415 marriage, 4, 5, 558, 923, 97 and birth of children, 72 companionate marriage, 41, 51, 57, 1301 and ESs dowry, 978, 99101 family holidays, 95 personal, 168n46 appearance, 1223 entrepreneurial qualities, 3 family man, 90, 912, 1245 work ethic, 39, 77, 1334 public service, 106 religion, 47, 1056 views on home and domesticity, 117 virtues and values, 130 Shaw, John (181539; son), 72, 73, 125 death in India, 70, 73 Shaw, John ( JSs father), 26, 42 Shaw, John P. (grandson), 135, 136, 137 Shaw, Mary (b.1823; daughter), 72, 92, 116, 165n846 Shaw, Mary ( JSs sister), 12, 167n34 Shaw, Richard Edward (b.1827; son), 72, 92, 116 Shaw, Thomas Wilkinson (181887; son), 72, 91 and bequest from JS, 115, 11617 business expansion, 134, 139 death, 136 Shaw, William E., 135 Shaw, William ( JSs brother), 24, 26, 42 and JS, 245, 423, 146n5 Sheffield, 24, 32, 62 Shelmerdine and Co. (printers), 107 Shibden Hall, 104 Shropshire, 30, 95, 109, 138 Silk Triangle, 31 Singapore, 64 Skipton, 91, 95 Smail, John, 145n52, 146n10, 147n21

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Entrepreneurial Families Wesley, John, 112, 170n6 West Indies, 139 Wilkinson, Betsey (ESs niece), 103 Wilkinson, Eliza (ESs mother), 43, 85, 86, 108 business and buying trips, 87 retirement, 163n46 Wilkinson, Elizabeth (later Shaw), see Shaw, Elizabeth Wilkinson, John (ESs brother), 29, 44, 85, 86, 146n6 and business partnership, 98, 99, 100 and financial settlement, 98, 166n22 Wilkinson, Richard (ESs brother), 16, 25, 29, 166n12 and daughter, 103 and financial difficulties, 108, 169n5960 views on marriage, 435 Wilkinson, Sarah (ESs sister), 167n31, 170n67 Wilkinson, Thomas (ESs brother), 29, 30, 43, 45 and ES, 53, 103 and financial difficulties, 102 and wedding, 15, 16, 123, 173n49 Wilkinson, Thomas (ESs father), 29, 30, 45 and ESs dowry, 978, 99100 and finance for sons shop, 98, 99, 100 and ill-health, 43, 86 and JS, 489 Wilkinson, William (ESs brother), 45, 85, 108 William and Henry Bate, 139 William Sparrow and Sons, 26, 27 Wilson, James R., 175n23 Windle and Blyth (Walsall), 139 Wollstonecraft, Mary, 53, 156n84 Wolverhampton, 26, 31 and businesses, 67, 69, 104 Wolverhampton Library, 106 Wolverhampton and Staffordshire Banking Company, 109, 174n9 Wrightson, Keith, 80

Smith, Bonnie, 119, 129 South Africa, 139 Sparrow, John Henry, 26, 27, 82, 115 Spencer, John (ESs cousin), 29, 98, 99, 100 Spinosa, Charles, 3 Stafford, 137, 175n16 Staffordshire, 5, 24, 25, 31 Steward, Mr, 103 Stobart, Jon, 24, 32 Stone, Lawrence, 512, 53, 54, 150n3, 151n5, 157n113 Sugden, Sarah (later Holden), see Holden, Sarah T. E. Thomson and Co., 234, 601, 74, 756 and credit terms, 6970 retail outlet in Calcutta, 678, 71 Thomson, Thomas Edward, 656, 71 and Shaw and Crane, 689, 158n5, 158n23 Tosh, John, 21, 48, 56, 80 Toulman, Doctor, 103 urban development, 3, 23, 26, 32, 127

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Vickery, Amanda, 16, 512, 54, 7980 Golden Age or Separate Spheres?, 161n58, 161n14 and letter writing, 18, 19 and marital homes, 118, 123 Victorian bourgeoisie, 107, 114, 116, 128, 130 see also class Walker, Thomas, 26 Walton, Ben, 6971 Walton, Miss, 44 Ward, W. R., on Methodists, 112 Weaver, Mrs, 104 Webster, Tony, 66 Wedgwood, Josiah, 56 Wedgwoods Etruria Works, 25