Research Study On Torts and Damages and Transportation 2012 - FINAL

A Research Paper on Torts, Damages and Transportation Law
Submitted by: Aquino, Carol Bambao, Nicolette Chan, Anthony Liwanag, Leandro Sese, Rens Gener Submitted to: Dr. Jose Teodorico V. Molina
October 2012
Aquino, Bambao, Chan, Liwanag, Sese
[RESEARCH STUDY ON TORTS AND DAMAGES AND TRANSPORTATION]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................................... 2 MARITIME TRAINING COUNCIL ........................................................................................................................ 8 NATIONAL MARITIME POLYTECHNIC ............................................................................................................. 11 BUREAU OF PRODUCT STANDARDS ............................................................................................................... 13 PHILIPPINE SHIPPERS BUREAU ....................................................................................................................... 17 CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY AUTHORITY OF THE PHILIPPINES ....................................................................... 20 AIR TRANSPORTATION OFFICE ....................................................................................................................... 26 CIVIL AERONAUTICS BOARD .......................................................................................................................... 29 MARITIME INDUSTRY AUTHORITY ................................................................................................................. 34 LAND TRANSPORTATION OFFICE ................................................................................................................... 38 LAND TRANSPORTATION FRANCHISING AND REGULATORY BOARD............................................................. 41 PHILIPPINE COAST GUARD ............................................................................................................................. 43 BUREAU OF TRADE REGULATION AND CONSUMER PROTECTIONS .............................................................. 46 PHILIPPINE PORTS AUTHORITY ...................................................................................................................... 50 OFFICE FOR TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ..................................................................................................... 52 CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY OF THE PHILIPPINES ......................................................................................... 54 MANILA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AUTHORITY............................................................................................ 59 PHILIPPINE AEROSPACE DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION .............................................................................. 70 LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT AUTHORITY ................................................................................................................... 73 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RAILWAYS .................................................................................................................. 79 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................... 84 APPENDIX ...................................................................................................................................................... 85
FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION

(Formerly Bureau of Food and Drugs)
Location: Civic Drive, Filinvest Corporate City, Alabang, Muntinlupa City General Functions: I. Develops plans policies, programs and strategies for regulating processed foods, drugs and other related products Formulates rules, regulations and standards for licensing and accreditation of processed foods, drugs and other related products Conducts licensing and accreditation of processed foods, drugs and other related products. Provides technical, consultative and advisory services to and develops capability of field offices on licensing and enforcement of laws, rules and regulations pertaining to processed foods, drugs and other related products. Monitors, evaluates and ensures compliance of manufacturers, distributors, advertisers and retailers of processed foods, drugs and other related products to health rules and regulations and standards of quality. Advises the Secretary and Undersecretary of Health on matters pertaining to regulation of processed foods, drugs and other related products.
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What does BFAD do? This is a regulatory agency that ensures the safety, efficacy, purity and quality of processed foods, drugs, diagnostic reagents, medical devices, cosmetics and household hazardous substances through state-of-the art technology, as well as the scientific soundness and truthfulness of product information, for the protection of public health. It regulates through the effective and efficient implementation of national policies consistent with international best practices.
Aquino, Bambao, Chan, Liwanag, Sese History:
To carry out the provisions of R.A. 3720, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was created and offices and laboratories were constructed in the DOH San Lazaro Compound, Sta. Cruz, Manila at a cost of about 2.5M. The Food and Drug Administration became operational with the appointment of its first FDA Administrator on May 25, 1966 to Dec. 7, 1977. By virtue of R.A. 3720, the powers, functions, and duties of the Division of Food and Drug Testing of the Bureau of Research and Laboratories and the Board of Food Inspection, all personnel together with all their equipment, supplies, records, files and balance of appropriations were transferred to the FDA. On December 2, 1982, Executive Order No. 851 by Section 4, under the Minister of Health, the FDA was abolished and created the Bureau of Food and Drugs (BFAD). An establishment intending to engage in the importation, exportation, distribution, and manufacture and re-packing of products regulated by BFAD, must have a LICENSE TO OPERATE (LTO) prior to start of or for continued operations. The processing of applications for the initial issuance, renewal or amendment of the License to Operate of establishments is referred to as ESTABLISHMENT LICENSING. BFAD establishes the identification and circumstances of the legal entity applying for the license and conducts site inspection to evaluate the capability of the establishment to engage in its stated activities, in compliance with BFAD standards and requirements. Per RA 3720, BFAD regulates drugs, processed food, cosmetics, and household hazardous substances. The products are classified into product classes, product categories and then product types as shown in the Table of Products. This classification of products is used in determining the applicable documentary requirements for submitting applications for establishment licensing or product registration. Services:
How does BFAD process consumer complaints? Consumers are advised to coordinate with the nearest Department of Health Center for Health Development (CHD) for product complaints. If the Acting Consumer Arbitration Officers deem it fit that the complained product needs laboratory analysis, the product will be forwarded to the BFAD Laboratory Services Division.
Procedure on How Complaints are handled:
Vision: Food and Drug Administration to be an internationally recognized center of regulatory excellence safeguarding the health of the Filipinos Mission: To ensure safety, efficacy, purity, and quality of products we regulate through effective implementation of the national regulatory framework consistent with international best practices.
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MARITIME TRAINING COUNCIL
Location: 10th Floor G.E. Antonino Bldg., T.M. Kalaw St.,cor. J. Bocobo Sts. Ermita, Manila Under LOI No. 1404, the MTC shall perform the following functions: I. Develop, formulate, and prescribe standards of training for seafarers as prescribed by the Convention. Issue certificates of proficiency or competency to seamen who meet the training requirements of the Convention. Assist the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (now the Department of Education) in regulating and supervising the establishment and operation of seamen training centers throughout the country. Liaise and coordinate with international organizations, particularly with the International Maritime Organization, as regards the training, upgrading and qualifying of seafarers. Formulate rules and regulations to implement the STCW of 1978 and to attain the objectives of LOI 1404. Prescribe and collect fees from the seamen training centers subject to clearance by the National Tax Research Center and to be remitted to and will constitute as part of the Seafarers Welfare and Fund. Undertake special programs/projects in furtherance of the objectives of training and upgrading of seafarers. Study, evaluate and recommend to the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports the number and maximum enrollment of nautical schools to ensure that the graduates will have reasonable opportunity to be employed aboardship after their graduation.
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Aquino, Bambao, Chan, Liwanag, Sese History:
The Maritime Training Council, or MTC, was established on May 1, 1984 by virtue of Letter of Instruction No. 1404, issued by then President Ferdinand E. Marcos in keeping with the Philippines commitments as a signatory to the Internation0al Maritime Organizations 1978 Convention on Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, or STCW 78. Amended in 1995, the Convention is now more commonly called as STCW 95. On January 11, 1984, the Philippines submitted to the IMO its Instrument of Accession to the Convention. The MTC is attached to the Ministry of Labor and Employment (now the Department of Labor and Employment) for administrative and policy control. It is headed by the DOLE Secretary who acts as Chairperson, and who traditionally assigns an Undersecretary to act as Presiding Chair. The Council has for its members the heads of the Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA), the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG), the Bureau of Higher Education (now the Commission on Higher Education, or CHED), the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA), the Welfare Fund Administration (now the Overseas Workers Welfare Administration or OWWA), and the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC). A representative from the private sector (each from maritime employers and seafarers, respectively,) also sits as Council members. A Secretariat, headed by an Executive Director, assisted by a deputy, handles the day-to-day operation of the MTC. Sometime in 2003, then DOLE Secretary Patricia Sto. Tomas further strengthened the MTC when she said that President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo has given an instruction to the effect that all matters dealing with software in the maritime sector (seafarers) should be directly under the supervision of the DOLE, while the hardware (ships, shipyards, etc.) shall be under the supervision of the Department of Transportation and Communication. Today, as it vigorously pursues its mandate through its seafarer programs and projects, the MTC, ever ready and aware, also continues to strengthen its coordinative efforts with other government agencies concerned and involved in the implementation of the STCW 95 Convention. It continues to work closely as well with the private sector and international organizations, notably the IMO, so it can enhance its capability to outfit the Filipino seafarer with knowledge and skills needed to sustain his reputation as one of, if not, the worlds best in the global maritime market. It also constantly pursues innovative processes and strategies to increase its capacity to be of service to its primary customer the Filipino seafarer. As a government agency, it strives to the utmost to adhere to the good governance practices of honesty, integrity, accountability and transparency, knowing that at the end of the day, it is these values that serve best the national interest.
Aquino, Bambao, Chan, Liwanag, Sese Vision:
To maintain the status of the Philippines as the major provider of qualified and competent seafarers in the world maritime labor market Mission: To ensure quality education and training for Filipino seafarers and develop a seafaring workforce who are duly certificated, globally competent and compliant to national and international standards and thus aid the country's maritime sector and industry
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NATIONAL MARITIME POLYTECHNIC
Location: Cabalawan, Tacloban City Mandate: 1. Shall offer specialization and upgrading courses for both licensed officers and ratings. 2. Shall conduct researches and studies on the latest maritime technologies and other related matters for the maritime industry. Function: 1. To train and upgrade the countrys maritime manpower resources through the conduct of specialization and upgrading programs integrating values vital to social transformation for both licensed officers and ratings; 2. To conduct researches and studies on the latest technologies and other related activities in the maritime industry; 3. To provide administrative and support services to ensure the delivery of quality maritime training; History: By virtue of Presidential Decree No. 1369, the National Maritime Polytechnic or NMP was established on May 1, 1978. The initial operation was handled by employees from the National Seamen Board. The creation the NMP was brought about by the need for a maritime training center in the country. In 1980, the NMP was granted a 17-hectare lot in Cabawalan, Tacloban City which was part of its expanding operation. The Philippines' commitment and Japan's assistance resulted in the construction of up-to-date training, support and administrative service facilities. In 1985, the signing of the Technical Cooperation Program between the Philippines and Japan resulted in a two-phase modernization and expansion program. Through Executive Order No. 126 in 1987, the NMP became a state college to be governed by the Department of Labor and Employment agency. Since 1986, the NMP offered various courses for deck and engine officers and the basic safety courses for both officers and ratings. To strengthen and boost the
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competence of the agency's manpower, the NMP implemented the Faculty Development Program and Staff Development Programs. The NMP also developed and implemented training programs for maritime cadets. Small-scale motorboat operators, handlers and fisherman, as well as motorboat operators and handlers, were also given Safety-at-Sea Courses from 1994 to 1996. Research Services - ONGOING RESEARCHES - 2010 1. Supply of and Demand for Filipino Seafarers 2. Best Employment Practices Facilitative of Filipino Merchant Marine Officers Career Progression: The Case of POEA Awardees of Excellence, Shipping Companies and Manning Agencies 3. Decent Work in the Maritime Industry: Focus on Filipino Seafarers On Board Domestic Vessels Research Services - RESEARCHES CONDUCTED/ COMPLETED BY NMP 2002 - 2008 1. TRACER STUDY OF NMP GRADUATES, 2003-2006 (Phase 1), (2007) 2. TRACER STUDY OF NMP GRADUATES, 2003-2006 (Phase 2), (2008) 3. An Inventory of Applicable Philippine Legislations Relating to the ILO Maritime Labour Convention 2006 (2007) 4. Benchmarking the Maritime Training Centers in the Philippines (2006) 5. The Management Level Training and Development Plan: An Examination of Training Requirements, Training Availability and of the NMP's Role 6. Stress Management Profile of Filipino Seafarers (2006) 7. The Human Factor in Marine Casualties and Incidents in the Philippines (2002, Revised 2006) 8. Factors Affecting Career Progression of Filipino Merchant Marine Officers to STCW '95 Management Level Positions (2005) 9. Profile of Employed Filipino Ratings (2003) 10. Survey on the Health-Related Problems of Seafarers in the Workplace (2002) 11. Profile of Women Executives in the Maritime Sector (2002) 12. Mixed Nationality Crews: The Filipino Seafarers Experience (2002) How to Contact Them? National Maritime Polytechnic Manila Office is located at 2nd Flr. ECC Building, 355 Gil Puyat Avenue, Makati City. They may be contacted through Telephone numbers (02)899-3683 / 8972767 or through their email address: nmpmnl@yahoo.com.
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BUREAU OF PRODUCT STANDARDS
Location: 3/F Trade and Industry Bldg. 361 Sen. Gil Puyat Ave., Makati City The BPS is the National Standards Body of the Philippines established by Republic Act (RA) No. 4109, otherwise known as the Philippine Standardization Law, and Executive Order (EO) No. 133. As the National Standards Body, BPS is mandated to develop, implement, and coordinate standardization activities in the Philippines. It is primarily involved in standards development, product certification, and standards implementation/promotion to raise the quality and global competitiveness of Philippine products at the same time to protect the interests of consumers and businesses. The Bureau of Product Standards (BPS), as the National Standards Body of the Philippines, develops, promulgates, implements, and coordinates standardization activities in the Philippines as prescribed in Republic Act (RA) No. 4109 or the Standards Law and RA 7394 or the Consumer Act of the Philippines. Mission Statement: We, the BPS family, in partnership with other organizations, are committed: to raise the quality and global competitiveness of Philippine products; to foster consumer and environmental protection; to instill standards, safety and quality consciousness among the Filipino people; and to serve our clients with the quality of service that is attainable with our resources.
1. Standards Development Develops, reviews, and updates Philippine National Standards (PNS) for products and services Harmonizes PNS with international standards 2. Standards Promotion Promotes standards and standardization and conformity assessment activities Conducts awareness sessions, training programs, fora, exhibits, trade fairs, and seminars Establishes network with trade associations, industry organizations, academe, and other government agencies to facilitate communication with regards to the implementation of standards
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3. Standards Enforcement and Consumer Assistance Conducts regular market monitoring and enforcement operations nationwide Acts on consumer complaints/reports Holds seminars for the manufacturers, importers, traders, wholesalers, distributors, and retailers on their responsibilities to the buying public 4. Product Testing Services Offers third-party testing of products through its BPS Testing Center Performs electrical, chemical, and mechanical testing of products primarily to support the BPS Product Certification Scheme 5. Product Certification Program Issues the Philippine Standards (PS) License and the Import Commodity Clearance (ICC) to manufacturers and importers, respectively, that complies with the safety and quality requirements of a specific standard 6. Registration of Assessors Services Supervises the National Registration Scheme for Quality Management System (QMS) and Environmental Management System Updates assessors on matters concerning international quality and environmental standards 7. Information Services Offers Library services/Standards Data Center Receives inquiries and fills orders for copies of local, foreign and international standards, catalogues, standards-related publications, and metrication materials 8. WTO TBT Enquiry Point Services Assists exporters in identifying and obtaining overseas standards and regulatory and testing requirements that are affecting their products 9. International Services Performs and oversees activities concerned with regional and international affairs of the BPS particularly on the development of memorandum of understanding (MOU) and mutual recognition arrangements (MRA) in a bilateral and multilateral level 10. Accreditation of Conformity Assessment Bodies Awards certificates of accreditation to management system certification bodies that issue Certificates of ISO 9001 or QMS, ISO 14001/Environmental Management System (EMS), and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP)
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11. Laboratory Accreditation Accredits testing and calibration laboratories through the BPS Laboratory Accreditation Scheme (BPSLAS) 12. Training Extends technical assistance through seminars and training programs both for the government and private sectors Requirements and Procedures in Applying for an Import Commodity Clearance (ICC) An IMPORT COMMODITY CLEARANCE is a document specifying compliance of imported products (products covered by mandatory standards) with applicable standards, as provided for by Republic Act 4109 and Department Administrative Order # 5, Series of 2001. Requirements are as follows: Filled-up application form - notarized and filed in three (3) copies Bill of Lading / Airway Bill Packing List Certified True Copy of Import Entry Invoice DTI Business Registration Certificate / SEC Registration Certificate Test Certificate (if needed) Special Power of Attorney / Board Resolution (in cases where the ICC application is filed by persons with managerial / supervising capability connected with the company authorizing them to process said ICC application) Other Services for Importers based in Metro Manila: 1. Sales Promotion Permit: A permit to conduct any form or scheme for sales promotion campaign of a consumer product, thirty (30) days before the commencement of the promotion period. (Requirements for sales promotion). Product covered - all consumer products and services, except food, drugs, devices, cosmetics and hazardous substances and agricultural products which shall be under the jurisdiction of the concerned departments or agencies. 2. Home Solicitation Permit: A permit to conduct home solicitation sales business on all consumer products or services covered by DTI 3. Implementation of the Consumer Act: Per R.A. 7394, otherwise known as the Consumer Act of the Philippines, any imported product shall be refused admission if such product:
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o o o o
o o o o o o o o
Fails to comply with an applicable consumer product quality and safety standard or rule; Has been determined to be injurious, unsafe and dangerous; Is substandard; or Has a material defect All imported consumer products shall comply with the required minimum label requirements in their respective labels or packaging, to wit: Its correct and registered trade name or brand name Its duly registered trademark Its registered business name Address of the importer of the product Its general make or active ingredients Net quantity of contents, in terms of weight, measure or numerical count rounded off to at least the nearest tenths in the metric system Country of manufacture Other required information by the concerned department: a. whether it is flammable or inflammable; b. direction for use, if necessary; c. warning of toxicity; d. wattage, voltage or amperes; e. process of manufacture used
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PHILIPPINE SHIPPERS BUREAU
Location: 2/F Trade and Industry Bldg. 361 Sen. Gil J. Puyat Ave., Makati City History: The PSB was established as a regular bureau by virtue of Executive Order (EO) 514 issued on 26 March 1992, making it a line agency of the DTI. It used to be an attached agency known as the Philippine Shippers Council (SHIPPERCON) created under Presidential Decree (PD) 165 as amended by PD 833. Its mandate is to promote and protect the common interests of Philippine exporters, importers, and other commercial users of water transport, and to undertake appropriate measures to develop trade through economical and efficient carriage of merchandise Mandate: To promote and protect the common interests of Philippine exporters, importers, and other commercial users of water transport, and to undertake appropriate measures to develop trade through economical and efficient carriage of merchandise Programs: Consultation and negotiation with international and regional shipping and transport associations. PSB conducts consultation, dialogue, and negotiation with its international and regional counterparts as well as shipping and transport associations on matters of mutual interests to exporters, importers, and other commercial users of sea transport, particularly on freight rates, adequacy of services and reasonable terms and conditions of carriage. Supply Chain. Under this program, PSB shall determine the costs involved in the distribution/ transport of some basic and prime commodities and recommend more efficient distribution that would mean assured supply of these commodities at reduced transport cost. Assistance to Shippers. PSB provides assistance to shippers in terms of freight booking, calculation of transportation costs, freight forwarding, containerization, documentation,
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packing, marking, and labeling, and other related services in order to facilitate the transport of cargo to, from, and within the Philippines. Mediation. PSB conducts mediation proceedings to resolve complaints and disputes between and among shippers, freight forwarders, shipping lines, and other transport service providers. The nature of complaints include non-delivery, loss and damage to cargo, overcharging, delay in delivery, unethical conduct, non-payment of fees and charges and maritime fraud. Implementation of PD 1466. PSB is the implementing agency of PD 1466 which requires that all government cargoes and those cargoes owned by private entities with government loan, credits and guarantees be loaded on RP-flag vessel; otherwise, a waiver must be secured from PSB whenever such vessels are not available and/or suitable. Accreditation of freight forwarders. PSB is in-charge of accreditation of sea freight forwarders categorized as non-vessel operating common carrier, international freight forwarder, and domestic freight forwarder.
Application Process: PSB conducts mediation proceedings to resolve complaints and disputes between and among shippers, freight forwarders, shipping lines, and other transport service providers. The nature of complaints include non-delivery, loss and damage to cargo, overcharging, delay in delivery, unethical conduct, non-payment of fees and charges and maritime fraud. Declare your shipment by accomplishing a detailed packing list stating all the contents of your box and value of shipment, per item if possible, as well as your preferred shipping date. Ask for proper (or extraordinary, if needed) packing, wrapping, strapping, sealing and labeling of your box. Secure transport documents such as cargo receipt (or Official Receipt) for fees paid, and Bill of Lading a document issued by a transportation carrier to the shipper as proof that they have received the shipment of goods and have placed them on board a particular vessel for delivery to a particular destination. It also states the terms in which the received goods are to be carried Get the name and contact details of the forwarders agent in the Philippines. Be sure that these informations are indicated in the transport document and/or receipt. Encountered pilferage or lost item, much worst non-delivery, file an immediate claim or complaint with the freight forwarders customer service. You may also lodge your complaint directly to the Philippine Shippers Bureau.
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Who may file: A person in the ship industry. How They May Be Contacted: The Philippine Shippers Bureau may be contacted through the Office of the Director at 2nd Floor, Trade and Industry Building, 361 Sen. Gil J. Puyat Avenue, Makati City. Or they may be reached through their contact numbers (+632) 751-3304/751-0384 loc. 2212 or 2213.
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CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY AUTHORITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
Location: 2/F & 5/F, Executive Center Bldg. 369 Gil Puyat Ave., cor. Makati Ave., Makati City Mandate: The Construction Industry Authority of the Philippines (CIAP) under P.D. 1746 is mandated to promote, accelerate and regulate the growth and development of construction industry in conformity with national goals. Towards this end, one of its main objectives is to monitor and study the operations of the construction industry, its needs, problems and measures to support its development. Programs Thrust/Functions: Industry Policy Development To monitor and study the operations of the construction industry, to identify its needs, problems and opportunities, and to recommend and/or implement policies, legislation, programs and measures to support its development;
Contractors Licensing and Registration To ensure that only qualified contractors are issued the appropriated license to undertake construction contracting activities in the Philippines;
Overseas Contractors Registration and Development To promote Philippine construction capabilities in the overseas market;
Construction Quality & Efficiency Improvement To improve the quality of construction and promote the efficient implementation of public and private construction projects
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Construction Contract Dispute Resolution To provide an out-of-court mechanism for the fair and expeditious settlement of disputes arising from, and/or connected with, government and private construction contracts in the Philippines.
The CIAP and its four implementing boards provide various regulatory and developmental services for the construction industry. Generally, CIAP provides information on industry policies, industry performance and prospects, contractors profiles, blacklisted contractors, and contractors performance ratings. One of its vital roles in the construction industry is the regulation of the domestic contracting sector through the issuance of licenses to contractors and the contractors' registration and classification by the Philippine Contractors Accreditation Board (PCAB) for government projects. Through the Philippine Overseas Construction Board (POCB), the CIAP also registers and issues project authorization to Philippine contractors and consultants for overseas operations. The POCB also provides market information, such as project opportunities and country profiles, to registered overseas contractors. Through the Philippine Domestic Contractors Board (PDCB), CIAP assists various governmenttendering agencies and other concerned entities in establishing the Contractors Performance Evaluation System (CPES) to ensure quality and safety in their construction projects. The PDCB likewise accredits CPES evaluators and provides information on CPES ratings and blacklisted firms. Lastly, the CIAP, through the Construction Industry Arbitration Commission (CIAC), resolves construction contract disputes through arbitration and mediation/conciliation. It also subsidizes the costs for the resolution of small claims (P1 million and below) through the Arbitration Development Fund and accredits construction arbitrators. Procedure in Filing a Complaint: CIAC stands for Construction Industry Arbitration Commission. It is tasked to provide the construction industry with other methods of speedy and equitable settlement of construction disputes, like conciliation and arbitration, other than court litigation. Requirements for CIAC to acquire jurisdiction over construction disputes: 1. The contract of the parties must contain an arbitration clause, stating among others, that in case a dispute arises from said contract, it will be resolved by arbitration. If the contract has no arbitration clause, both parties must sign an agreement to arbitrate.
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2. One of the parties must file a case or Request for Adjudication with the CIAC. 3. Disputes that may be brought to CIAC for adjudication: violation of specifications for materials and workmanship; violation of the terms of the agreement; interpretation/application of contractual provisions/amount of damages; commencement time and delays; maintenance and defects; payment default of employer or contractor; and changes in contract cost
As of 2007, filing of case to awarding took an average time lapse of 8 months and 4 days while signing of terms of reference (TOR) to awarding took 6 months. Application Process: A. Upon filing of the Request for Adjudication (RFA) * * Preliminary Filing Fee ------------ P3,600.00 Initial Deposit for Arbitrator's Fees ** 10% of arbitrator's fees based on amount of claim or P5,000.00 whichever is higher but not to exceed P50,000.00 ** Respondent to deposit similar amount based on his counterclaim, if any * B. * * * C. * * special assessment fee under CIAC Res. No. 2-96, if applicable Upon signing of the Terms of Reference (TOR): Balance of the Filing Fee 50% of the Administrative Fee 50% of the Arbitrator's Fee At the Penultimate Hearing / Meeting : 50% of the Administrative Fee 50% of the Arbitrator's Fee if no hearing is held, the last two tranches (B & C) shall be due upon TOR signing
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Aquino, Bambao, Chan, Liwanag, Sese B.
FOR NON-MONETARY CLAIMS
ARBITRATION FEES FOR NON-MONETARY CLAIMS (Approved in the 23rd CIAC Regular Meeting held on July 14, 1993) B.1 PURELY NON-MONETARY AWARD INVOLVED 1. FILING FEE P3,600.00 plus 9.0% of the arbitrators' fees P3,600.00 upon filing of the Request for Adjudication. 8.0% of the estimated total arbitrators' fees upon signing of the TOR. balance of the filing fee based on actual total arbitrators' fees upon award SCHEDULE OF PAYMENTS-
2.
ADMINISTRATIVE FEES P6,000.00 plus 6% of total arbitrators' fees P6,000.00 upon signing of the Terms of Reference (TOR) plus 6% of estimated total arbitrators' fees. Upon award, balance of administrative fees based on actual total arbitrators' fees.
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3. ARBITRATORS' FEES 3.1 3.2 Acceptance Fee Fees per session For a Tribunal Chairman: Minimum of P4,500.00 per session of 3 hours or less plus P1,500.00 in excess of 3 hours. Members : Minimum of P3,000.00 per session of 3 hours or less plus P1,000.00 per hour in excess of 3 hours. For Sole Arbitrator : Minimum of P7,500.00 per session of 3 hours or less plus P2,500.00 per hour in excess of 3 hours. 4. AWARD DRAFTING P10,000.00 B.2 FOR NON-MONETARY CLAIMS BUT WITH MONETARY AWARD INVOLVED Fees will be based on the schedule of monetary claims. SCHEDULE OF CONCILIATION/MEDIATION FEES Administrative Fee Conciliator's/ Mediator's Fee Deposit 10,000.00 upon filing of the Request for Adjudication Upon signing of the TOR, 50% of estimated arbitrators' fees Upon award, balance of arbitrators' fees based on actual number of sessions.
Upon Award
P1,200.00 per meeting P 500.00 per person/hour/meeting P6,000.00*
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Aquino, Bambao, Chan, Liwanag, Sese *
Should the parties in the conciliation/mediation proceeding decide to elevate their case to arbitration, any excess in the amount deposited conciliation/mediation after the actual administrative and conciliator/mediator's fees have been deducted may be used to defray the charges in arbitration.
Who may File: A member of the CIAP How does CIAP resolve a complaint? Arbitration is a way of settling dispute(s) between parties who agree to submit the same for resolution by their nominated judges or arbitrators. A decision or an award rendered by arbitrator/s in arbitration proceedings is enforceable by a writ of execution. In conciliation, the dispute is referred to a panel of conciliators tasked to bring the parties to an agreement. Mediation is similar to conciliation except that the dispute is referred only to a single neutral third party, called a mediator, who is tasked to bring the disputing parties to a negotiation. Decision or award rendered in conciliation/mediation is not binding upon the parties. They are merely recommendatory.
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AIR TRANSPORTATION OFFICE
Location: NAIA Road, Pasay City History:
Legislative Act No. 3909 passed by the Philippine Legislative on November 20, 1931 created an Office under the Department of Commerce and Communications to handle aviation matters, particularly the enforcement of rules and regulations governing commercial aviation as well as private flying. It was amended by Act 3996 to include licensing of airmen and aircraft, inspection of aircraft concerning air traffic rules, schedules and rates and enforcement of aviation laws. From 1932 to 1936, there were no standard procedures as to the licensing of airmen, registration of aircraft and recording of various aeronautical activities connected with commercial aviation. There were attempts made to register planes and their owners without ascertaining their airworthiness and to record names of pilots, airplane mechanics and other details. In 1933, the Office of Technical Assistant of Aviation Matters was enlarged into the Aeronautics Division under the Department of Commerce and Industry, the functions of which were embodied in Administrative Order No. 309, a joint bulletin issued by the Department of Public Works and Communications and the Department of Finance. In October 1934, Act 4033 was passed to require a franchise from the Philippine government in order to operate an air service and to regulate foreign aircraft operations. On November 12, 1936, the Philippine Legislative passed Commonwealth Act No. 168, better known as the Civil Aviation Law of the Philippines which created the Bureau of Aeronautics. After the liberation of the Philippines from Japanese occupation in March 1945, the Bureau was reorganized and placed under the Department of National Defense. Among its functions was to promulgate civil aviation regulations. In October 1947, Executive Order No. 94 reorganized the government, transferring the Bureau of Aeronautics to the newly created Department of Commerce and Industry and renamed Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA). On June 5, 1948, Republic Act 224 created the National Airports Corporation which was charged with the management and operations of all national airports.
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On June 20, 1952, Republic Act No. 776, otherwise known as the Civil Aeronautics Act of the Philippines reorganized the Civil Aeronautics Board and the Civil Aeronautics Administration. It defined the powers and duties of both agencies including the funds, personnel and the regulations of Civil Aviation. On October 19, 1956, Executive Order No. 209 placed the Civil Aeronautics Administration under the administrative supervision and control of the Department of Public Works, Transportation and Communications. On January 20, 1975, Letter of Instruction No. 244 transferred to the Department of Public Highways the responsibilities relative to airport plans, designs, construction, improvement, maintenance and site acquisition. Responsibilities related to location, planning, design and funding were later returned to the CAA. On July 23, 1979, Executive Order No. 546, the CAA was renamed the Bureau of Air Transportation (BAT) and placed under the Ministry of Transportation and Communications. On April 4, 1987, Executive Order No. 125 renamed the Bureau of Air Transportation the Air Transportation Office headed by the Assistant Secretary of Air Transportation. Services Offered:

Establish and prescribe rules and regulations for the inspection and registration of all aircraft owned and operated in the Philippines and all air facilities; Establish and prescribe the corresponding rules and regulations for the enforcement of laws governing air transportation; Determine, fix and/or prescribe charges and/or rates pertinent to the operation of public air utility facilities and services; Administer and operate the Civil Aviation Training Center (CATC); Operate and maintain national airports, air navigation and other similar facilities in compliance to ICAO; Perform such other powers and functions as may be prescribed by law.
Application Process: To effectively implement the civil aviation regulatory, supervisory and administrative mandates of the Director General under this Act, a permanent office within the Authority to be known as the Enforcement and Legal Service, to be composed of in-house counsels of the Authority and its necessary support staff shall be established by the Board.
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This office shall provide adequate legal assistance and support to the Director General and to the Authority, as a whole, in the exercise of quasi-legislative and quasi-judicial power as provided for under this Act. Under Section 27 Orders. (a) Effectiveness of Orders - Except in emergency situations, all orders, rules and regulations of the Director General shall take effect within such reasonable times as the Director General may prescribe, and shall continue in force until a further order, rule or regulation, or for a specified period of time, as shall be prescribed in the order, rule or regulation. (b) Emergencies - Whenever the Director General is of the opinion that an emergency requiring immediate action exists with respect to safety in civil aviation, the Director General shall have the power, either upon complaint or the Director General's initiative without complaint, at once, if the Director General so orders, without answer or other form of pleading by the interested person or persons, and with or without notice, hearing, or the making or filing of a report, to make such just and reasonable orders, rules or regulations as may be essential in the interest of safety in civil aviation to meet such emergency such order, rule or regulation. (c) Suspension and Modification of Orders - The Director General shall have the power to suspend or modify orders upon such notice and in such manner as the Director General shall find proper. (d) Public Compliance - It shall be the duty of every person (along with any agents and employees thereof in the case of entities other than individuals), subject to this Act, to observe and comply with any order, rule, regulation, or certificate issued by the Director General under this Act, affecting such person so long as the same shall remain in effect. Who may File: A person violated by the rights of the ATO
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CIVIL AERONAUTICS BOARD
Location: CAB Building, Old MIA Road Pasay City 1300 The Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) is the agency of the government mandated to regulate the economic aspect of air transportation, and shall have the general supervision, control and jurisdiction over air carriers, general sales agents, cargo sales agents, and air freight forwarders as well as their property, property rights, equipment, facilities, and franchise (R.A. No. 776, as amended by P.D. 1462). CAB is an attached agency of the Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC). In the exercise of its regulatory powers, it is authorized to issue Certificates of Public Convenience and Necessity (CPCN) to domestic carriers, Foreign Air Carrier's Permit (FACP) to foreign carriers, and Letters of Authority to airfreight forwarders, general sales agents, cargo sales agents who are fit, willing, and able to perform services as required by public convenience and necessity. CAB likewise performs quasi-judicial functions. What are the Permits Issued by the CAB? I. Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity (CPCN) is a permit issued by the Board authorizing a domestic person or entity (60/40 equity) to engage in international and/or domestic, scheduled and/or non-scheduled air transportation services. A grantee of a CPCN may operate even without a legislative franchise. Foreign Air Carriers Permit (FACP) is a permit issued by the Board, and approved by the President of the Philippines, authorizing a foreign air carrier to engage in foreign air transportation services. Letter of Authority - is an approval issued by the CAB authorizing a person or entity to engage in airfreight forwarder, general sales agent, cargo sales agent and off-line carrier. It is signed by the Executive Director subject to the ratification of the Board on its scheduled meeting.
II.
III.
Services Offered: It is authorized to issue Certificates of Public Convenience and Necessity (CPCN) to domestic carriers, Foreign Air Carrier's Permit (FACP) to foreign carriers, and Letters of Authority to airfreight
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forwarders, general sales agents, cargo sales agents who are fit, willing, and able to perform services as required by public convenience and necessity. CAB likewise performs quasi-judicial functions. Application Process: Section 7. Filing of documents (a) Filing address, date of filing. Documents required by any section of this chapter to be filed with the Board shall be filed with the Secretary of the Civil Aeronautics Board, Manila, Philippines. Such documents shall be deemed to be filed on the date on which they are actually received by the Secretary of the Board. (b) Formal specifications of documents. (1) All documents filed under this Chapter shall be on strong, durable paper not larger than 81/2 by 14 inches in size except that tables, charts and other documents may be larger, folded to the size of the document to which they are attached. The left margin shall be at least 11/2 inches wide, and if the document is bound, it shall be bound on the left side. (2) Papers may be reproduced by printing or by any other process, provided the copies are clear and legible. Appropriate notes or other indications shall be used, so that the existence of any matter shown in color will be accurately indicated on photostatic copies. (c) Number of copies. Unless otherwise specified, an executed original and nine (9) true copies of each document required or permitted to be filed under these rules shall e filed with the CAB and such additional number of copies as the Board may require. The copies need not be signed but the name of the person signing the original shall be reproduced. Section 8. General requirements as to documents. (a) Contents. In case there is no rule, regulation or order of the Board which prescribed the contents of the formal application, complaint, petition or motion, such document shall contain a proper identification of the parties concerned, a reference to the provision of the statute and regulation under which the document is filed, and a concise but complete statement of the fact relied upon and the relief sought. (b) Subscription. Every application, petition, complaint, motion or other document filed in a proceeding shall be signed by the party filing the same, or by a duly authorized officer or the attorney-at-law of record of such party, or by any other person. Provided, that if signed by some other persons, the reason therefore must be stated and the power of attorney or other authority authorizing such other person to subscribe the document must be filed with the document. The signature of the person signing the document constitutes a certification that he has read the document; that to the best of his knowledge, information and belief every statement contained in the instrument is true and no such statements are misleading; and that it is not interposed for delay. (c) Designation of person to receive service. The initial document filed by any person in any proceeding shall state on the first page thereof the name and post office address of the person or persons who may be served with any document filed in the proceeding. Section 9. Amendment of documents and dismissal. If any document initiating, or filed in a proceeding is not in substantial conformity with the applicable rules or regulations of the Board as to the contents thereof, or is otherwise insufficient, the Board, on own motion, or on motion of any party, may strike or dismiss such documents, or require amendment. If amended, the document shall be made effective
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as of the date of original filing. Section 28. Hearings. (a) Notice. The Examiner to whom the case is assigned or the Board shall give the parties reasonable notice of a hearing or of the change in the date and place of a hearing and the nature of such hearing. (b) Evidence. Evidence presented at the hearing shall be limited to material evidence relevant to the issues as drawn by the pleadings or as defined in the report of pre-hearing conference, subject to such later modifications of the issues as may be necessary to protect the public interest or to prevent injustice and shall not be unduly repetitious. Evidence shall be presented in written form by all parties wherever feasible, as the Examiner may direct. (c) Objections to evidence. Objections to the admission or exclusion of evidence shall in short form, stating the grounds of objections relied upon, and the transcript shall not include argument or debate thereon except as ordered by the Examiner. Rulings on such objection shall be a part of the transcript. (d) Exceptions. Formal exceptions to the rulings of the Examiner made during the course of the hearing are unnecessary. For all purposes for which an exception otherwise would be taken, it is sufficient that a party, at the time of the ruling of the Examiner of the examiner is made or sought, makes known the action he desires the Examiner to take or his objection to an action taken, and his grounds therefore. (e) Offers of Proof. Any offer of proof made in connection with an objection taken to any ruling of the Examiner rejecting or excluding preferred oral testimony shall consist of a statement of the substance of the evidence which counsel contends would be adduced by such testimony, and if the excluded evidence consist of evidence in documentary or written form or of reference to document or records a copy of such evidence shall be marked for identification and shall constitute the offer of proof. (f) Exhibits. When written exhibits are offered in evidence, the copy must be furnished to each of the parties at the hearing and two copies to the Examiner, unless the parties previously have been furnished with copies or the Examiner directs otherwise. If the Examiner has not fixed a time for the exchange of exhibits, the parties shall exchange copies of exhibits at the earliest practicable time, preferably before the hearing or, at the latest, at the commencement of the hearing. (g) Substitution of copies for original exhibits. In his discretion, the Examiner may permit a party to withdraw original documents offered in evidence and substitute true copies in lieu thereof. (h) Designation of parts of documents. When relevant and material matter offered in evidence by any party is embraced in a book, paper, or document containing other matter not material or relevant, the party offering the same shall plainly designate the matter so offered. The immaterial and irrelevant parts shall be excluded and shall be segregated insofar as practicable. If the volume of immaterial or irrelevant matter would unduly encumber the record, such book, paper or document will not be received in evidence, but may be marked for identification, and if properly authenticated, the relevant or material matter may be read into the record, or, if the examiner so directs, a true copy of such matter, in proper form, shall be received as an exhibit, and like copies delivered by the party offering the same to opposing parties or their attorney appearing at the hearing, who shall be afforded an opportunity to examine the book, paper, or document, and to offer in evidence in like manner other portions thereof. portion shall be presented for the record in the form of an exhibit unless: (1) The portion is specified with particularity in such manner as to be readily identified; and (2) The party offering the same agrees unconditionally to supply such copies later, or when required by the Board; and
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(3) The parties represented at the hearing stipulate upon the record that reference, and that such portion may be incorporated by reference, and that any portion offered by any other party may be incorporated by like reference upon compliance with subparagraphs (1) and (2) of this paragraph; and (4) The Examiner directs such incorporation or waives the above requirement with the consent of the parties. (j) Receipt of documents after hearing. No document or other writings shall be accepted for the record after the close of the hearings except in accordance with an agreement of the parties and the consent of the Examiner. (k) Transcript of hearings. Hearings shall be recorded and transcribed by a reporter of the Board under supervision of the Examiner. Copies of the transcript shall be supplied to the parties to the proceeding by the reporter at rates not to exceed the maximum rates fixed by the Board. (1) Corrections to transcript. Changes in the official transcript may be made only when they involve errors affecting substance. A motion to correct a transcript shall be filed with the Secretary of the Board within ten (10) days after receipt of the completed transcript by the Board. If no objections to the motion are filed within ten (10) days thereafter, the transcript may, upon the approval of the examiner, be changed to reflect such corrections. Of objections are received, the motion and objections shall be submitted to the official reported by the Examiner together with a request for a comparison of the transcript with the stenographic record of the hearing. After receipt of the report of the official reporter, an order shall e entered by the Who may File: A person who has a statutory right to be made a party shall be permitted to intervene therein.
What is the Objective of E.O. No. 29? The objective of E.O. 29 is to attract operators and encourage direct services to our development routes. While an outright bilateral exchange of rights is the more procedural and conventional way by which to trade traffic rights, EO 29 offers a more flexible, immediately available and more pro-active option by which to attract operators and develop air services, without the burden of initially growing through the rigors of bilateral negotiations outright. In accordance with the mandate of EO 29 for the CAB to adopt EO 29's Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) within thirty days upon its effectivity, the CAB adopted EO 29's IRR during its meeting on May 02, 2011, after public consultations with aviation stakeholders. What is covered by E.O. No. 29? E.O. No. 29 covers all development airports or gateways that are outside Manila. Therefore, the Ninoy Aquino International Airport, which includes all of its terminals, is not included or covered by the said E.O. Why is NAIA not Covered? It is not covered because NAIA is already severely congested and practically bursting in the seams. In fact, more than eighty percent of international traffic to and from the Philippines is
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severed by NAIA. The congestion and overconcentration of international traffic in Manila is underscored by the fact that most of our tourist destinations which are outside Manila, can be more conveniently accessed through our alternative gateways. It is therefore imperative to promote the development and viability of international services to and from our developmental gateways, like Cebu, Clark, Davao, Laoag, Puerto Princesa, Zamboanga, Kalibo, Cagayan de Oro, Iloilo, and other development gateways. What are the Salient Features of E.O. No. 29? The salient features of EO 29 are the following: - Section 2. In the negotiation of the ASAs, the Philippine Air Panels may offer and promote third, fourth and fifth freedom to the country's airports other than the Ninoy Aquino International Airport, without restriction as to frequency, capacity and type of aircraft, and other arrangements that will serve the national interest as may be determined by the CAB. - Section 3. Notwithstanding the provisions of the relevant ASAs, the CAB may grant any foreign air carriers increases in frequencies and/or capacities in the country's airports other than NAIA, subject to the conditions required by the existing laws, rules and regulations. All grants of frequencies and/or capacities shall be subject to the approval of the President and shall operate as a waiver by the Philippines of the restrictions on frequencies and capacities under the relevant ASAs. - Section 4. The CAB may impose a period or other conditions on the availment or utilization by foreign air carriers of such additional frequencies and/or capacities and may revoke the waiver granted to them if they fail to comply with said conditions.
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MARITIME INDUSTRY AUTHORITY
Location: Parkview Plaza 984 Taft Avenue cor T.M. Ext. St., Ermita Manila Mandates: P.D. 474 Adopt and implement a practicable and coordinated Maritime Industry Development Program (MIDP) Provide and help provide the necessary: Financial assistance to the industry thru public/private financial institutions & instrumentalities; Technological assistance; and Favorable climate for expansion of domestic and foreign investments in shipping enterprises Provide for the effective supervision, regulation and rationalization of the organizational management, ownership and operations of all water transport utilities and other maritime enterprises.
E.O. 1011 MARINA assumed the Quasi-Judicial Functions of the Board of Transportation (BOT) over domestic water transport services.
E.O. 125 125 A Develop and formulate plans, policies, programs projects, standards, specifications and guidelines geared toward the promotion and development of the maritime industry, the growth and effective regulation of shipping enterprises and for the national security objectives of the country;
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Establish, prescribe and regulate routes, zones and/or areas of operation of particular operators of public water services; Issue Certificates of Public Convenience for the operation of domestic and overseas water carriers; Register vessels as well as issue certificates, licenses or document necessary or incident thereto; Undertake the safety regulatory functions pertaining to vessel construction and operation including the determination or manning levels and issuance of certificates of competency to seamen; Enforce laws, prescribe and enforce rules and regulations, including penalties for violations thereof, governing water transportation and the Philippine merchant marine, and deputize the Philippine Coast Guard and other law enforcement agencies to effectively discharge these functions; Undertake the issuance of license to qualified seamen and harbor, bay and river pilots; Determine, fix and/or prescribe charges and/or rates pertinent to the operation of public water transport utilities, facilities and services except in cases where charges or rates are established by international bodies or associations of which the Philippines is a participating member or by bodies or associations recognized by the Philippine Government as the proper arbiter of such charges or rates; Accredit marine surveyors and maritime enterprises engaged in shipbuilding, ship repair, ship breaking, domestic and overseas shipping, ship management and agency; Issue continuous discharge book of Filipino seamen
R.A. 9295 Register vessels; Issue certificates of public convenience, or any extensions or any extensions or amendments thereto, authorizing the operation of all kinds, classes and types of vessels in domestic shipping: Provided, That no such certificate shall be valid for a period of more than twenty-five (25) years;
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Require any domestic ship operator to provide shipping services to any coastal area, island or region in the country where such services are necessary for the development of the area, to meet emergency sealift requirements, or when public interest so requires; Set safety standards for vessels in accordance with applicable conventions and regulations; Inspect all vessels to ensure and enforce compliance with safety standards and other regulations; Inspect all vessels to ensure and enforce compliance with safety standards and other regulations; Ensure that all domestic ship operators shall have the financial capacity to provide and sustain safe, reliable, efficient and economic passenger or cargo service, or both; Adopt and enforce such rules and regulations which will ensure compliance by every domestic ship operator with required safety standards and other rules and regulations on vessel safety; Adopt such rules and regulations which ensure the reasonable stability of passengers and freight rates and, if necessary, to intervene in order to protect public interest; and Investigate any complaint made in writing against any domestic ship operator, or any shipper, or any group of shippers regarding any matter involving violations of the provisions of this Act.
Vital / Core Functions and Sectoral Coverages: Promotional & Developmental Functions Formulates and adopts plans, programs, policies, rules and regulations for the promotion and development of the Philippine maritime industry; Promotes the competitiveness of the Philippine maritime industry in the local and global market; Promotes and facilitates investment opportunities in the maritime industry; Implements and enforces international conventions and national maritime laws, rules and regulations and standards on safety, security, training, service, among others;
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Provides effective, transparent and efficient delivery of public service that includes, but not limited to, further streamlining of application procedures and requirements, rationalized standard processing time, and formulation, adoption and implementation of an information technology strategy pursuant to the e-commerce law.
Supervisory/Regulatory Functions: Controls, regulates and supervises Philippine-registered overseas and domestic ships, maritime manpower, shipyards and other maritime entities through the evaluation/processing of applications covering the four (4) major maritime sectors, namely: Domestic shipping sector, including maritime safety, Overseas shipping sector, Maritime manpower sector and Shipbuilding and ship repair sector.
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LAND TRANSPORTATION OFFICE
Location: LTO Main Compound, East Avenue Diliman Quezon City Vision: The LTO envisions a well-developed transportation system that will play a vital role in improving the quality of life of the Filipino people, particularly in providing a more viable means of land transport and a secured travel for transport users and commuters. Mission: To rationalize the land transportation service and facilities and to implement effectively the various transportation laws, rules and regulations. Mandate & Main Functions 1. Inspection and Registration of Motor Vehicles 2. Issuance of Licenses and Permits 3. Enforcement of Land Transportation Rules and Regulations 4. Adjudication of Traffic Cases 5. Collection of Revenues for the Government Services: License-Related Transactions New License Application Student's Permit Non-Professional License Professional License Conductor's License
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Aquino, Bambao, Chan, Liwanag, Sese License Renewal
All Types Of Licenses
Change Classification Non-Professional To Professional Professional To Non-Professional
Add Restriction Code (ARC) ARC 1 - Motorcycle / Motorized ARC 2 - Vehicles up to 4500 kgs GVW ARC 3 - Vehicles above 4500 kgs GVW ARC 4 - Automatic Clutch up to 4500 kgs GVW ARC 5 - Automatic Clutch above 4500 kgs GVW ARC 6 - Articulated 1600 GVW below ARC 7 - Articulated 1600 to 4500 GVW ARC 8 - Articulated 4501 GVW above
Duplicate License Lost Student Permit Lost Driver's License Mutilated License
License Certification Requested By A Government Agency Requested By An Individual Requested For Abroad Purposes
Revision of Records Marital Status Incorrect Name / Birth Date Citizenship Change In Name Change In Address
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Aquino, Bambao, Chan, Liwanag, Sese Delinquent License
Non-Professional License (more than 2 years to 10 years expired) Professional License (more than 2 years to 10 years expired) Conductor's License (more than 2 years expired
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LAND TRANSPORTATION FRANCHISING AND REGULATORY BOARD
Location: East Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City 1100 Powers and Functions of the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board: The Board shall have the following powers and functions: To prescribe and regulate routes of service, economically viable capacities and zones or areas of operation of public land transportation services provided by motorized vehicles in accordance with the public land transportation development plans and programs approved by the Department of Transportation and Communications; To issue, amend, revise, suspend or cancel Certificates of Public Convenience or permits authorizing the operation of public land transportation services provided by motorized vehicles, and to prescribe the appropriate terms and conditions therefore; To determine, prescribe and approve and periodically review and adjust, reasonable fares, rates and other related charges, relative to the operation of public land transportation services provided by motorized vehicles; To issue preliminary or permanent injunction, whether prohibitory or mandatory, in all cases in which it has jurisdiction, and in which cases the pertinent provisions of the Rules of Court shall apply; To punish for contempt of the Board, both direct and indirect, in accordance with the pertinent provisions of, and the penalties prescribed by, the Rules of Court; To issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum and summon witnesses to appear in any proceedings of the Board, to administer oaths and affirmations; To conduct investigations and hearings of complaints for violation of the public service laws on land transportation and of the Board's rules and regulations, orders, decisions and/or rulings and to impose fines and/or penalties for such violations; To review motu proprio the decisions/actions of the Regional Franchising and Regulatory Office herein created;
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To promulgate rules and regulations governing proceedings before the Board and the Regional Franchising and Regulatory Office: Provided, That except with respect to paragraphs d, e, f and g hereof, the rules of procedure and evidence prevailing in the courts of laws should not be controlling and it is the spirit and intention of said rules that the Board and the Regional Franchising and Regulatory Offices shall use every and all reasonable means to ascertain facts in its case speedily and objectively and without regard to technicalities of law and procedures, all in the interest of due process; To fix, impose and collect, and periodically review and adjust, reasonable fees and other related charges for services rendered; To formulate, promulgate, administer, implement and enforce rules and regulations on land transportation public utilities, standards of measurements and/or design, and rules and regulations requiring operators of any public land transportation service to equip, install and provide in their utilities and in their stations such devices, equipment facilities and operating procedures and techniques as may promote safety, protection, comfort and convenience to persons and property in their charges as well as the safety of persons and property within their areas of operations; To coordinate and cooperate with other government agencies and entities concerned with any aspect involving public land transportation services with the end in view of effecting continuing improvement of such services; and To perform such other functions and duties as may be provided?? by law, or as may be necessary, or proper or incidental to the purposes and objectives of this Executive Order.
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PHILIPPINE COAST GUARD
Location: Headquarters Philippine Coast Guard 139 25th Street, Port Area 1018 Manila Mission: The mission of the Philippine Coast Guard is to promote safety of life and property at sea; safeguard the marine environment and resources; enforce all applicable maritime laws; and undertake other activities in support of the mission of the Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC). Functions: (R.A. 9993) To accomplish this mission, the PCG performs various activities categorized under Five (5) function areas namely: 1. Maritime Safety Administration (MARSAD) includes among others, the enforcement of vessel safety regulations, port state control, investigation of maritime incidents/accidents, operation and maintenance of aids to navigation, administration of the removal of sunken derilects and other hazards to navigation, establishment and enforcement of navigational sea lanes, regulation of the construction of bridges and other structures on waters subject to the jurisdiction of the Philippines, and assistance to the Maritime Training Council (MTC) and the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) in the administration of maritime education and training. 2. Maritime Search and Rescue (MARSAR) covers the establishment, operation and maintenance of search and rescue (SAR) equipment and facilities, monitoring and guarding of distress frequencies, obtaining information on maritime safety and distress incidents and prompt dissemination of same to all units capable of rendering assistance, and the actual conduct of SAR and disaster response operations. 3. Marine Environmental Protection (MAREP) includes but is not limited to the prevention, mitigation and control of marine pollution through the conduct of marine pollution monitoring, scientific research and control operations, environmental rehabilitation and enhancement of PCG capability to respond to oil spills and other types of marine
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pollution. This function likewise covers the enforcement of marine environmental laws, rules and regulations and participation in international, national and local integrated coastal resource management initiatives. 4. Maritime Law Enforcement (MARLEN) refer to the enforcement of all applicable laws, rules and regulations pertinent to maritime shipping, customs, immigration, quarantine, fisheries and such other areas of national interest upon request of appropriate authorities or through deputation by other government agencies. 5. Maritime Security (MARSEC) operations and activities directed to ensure that the countrys marine assets, maritime practices, territorial integrity and coastal peace and order are protected, conserved and enhanced in accordance with the National Marine Policy. Specifically, the following are to be addressed; a) promote and enhance maritime security as a key component of national security; b) provide a stable and peaceful sociopolitical and administrative environment in the country that fosters sustained profitability and growth for maritime industries; c) protect and defend the integrity of the Philippines marine resources; d) ensure preparedness for an effective response to natural calamities and man-made disaster; and e) provide leadership and guidance in the proper and effective collection, processing and distribution of strategic information supportive of the National Marine Policy. 1605- Procedure of Investigation 1. Investigation, how initiated. Administrative investigation may be commenced by: a. The Commandant, motu propio; b. Sworn complainant of any person, if after preliminary inquiry, a prima facie case has been established; c. Inspection/apprehension report accomplished by PN or Philippine Coast Guard units; and d. By filing of marine protest. Right to be represented by counsel; evidence. In all investigation, the party litigants shall be given opportunity to present their case or defense personally or through counsel, and to present all witnesses and evidence as they may desire except that the proper investigating body should have the discretion to overrule unreasonable motion regarding the presentation of evidence which are clearly dilatory. Notice of Hearing. The parties and their witness shall be notified by subpoena of the scheduled hearing at least five (5) days before the date thereof, specifying the time, date and place of hearing.
2.
3.
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Aquino, Bambao, Chan, Liwanag, Sese 4.
Order of Hearing. Unless the proper hearing body directs otherwise, the order of hearing shall be as follows: The complainant or the Coast Guard shall first introduce the evidence. The respondent or adverse party shall then present evidence in support of his defense. When the presentation of evidence has been concluded and formal offer of the same has been made, the parties may be required to submit their respective memoranda within a reasonable time.
5.
Order of Examination. The order in which a witness maybe examined is as follows: Direct examination by the proponent; Cross examination by the opponent; Re-direct examination by the proponent; Re-cross examination by the opponent. Objections. All objections or interlocutory questions that arise during the proceedings shall be resolved by the chairman of the Board concerned or by the Hearing Officer, as the case may be. Not bound by strict rules of evidence. The proceedings of aforestated hearing bodies shall not be found by the strict rules of evidence but the Rules of Court may be applied by analogy or a suppletory character, and whenever practical and convenient. Employment of Stenographer. The proper hearing body shall see to it that notes of the testimony of the witnesses or a summary thereof are taken, and together with the documentary evidence presented shall constitute the record of the case. The employment of a stenographer is optional except when in the opinion of the Board or Hearing Officer, the nature of the case requires the availability of one.
6.
7.
8.
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BUREAU OF TRADE REGULATION AND CONSUMER PROTECTIONS

(Under the Department of Trade and Industry)
Location: 2/F Trade and Industry Bldg. 361 Sen. Gil J. Puyat Ave., Makati City The BTRCP functions as a policy-making body and oversees the overall implementation of trade and consumer protection laws. It renders the following services through its three divisions:
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Aquino, Bambao, Chan, Liwanag, Sese Fair Trade Division
Enforcement and regulatory
Monitors/strengthens ROG enforcement of fair trade and other related laws - Executive Order (EO) No. 259 - Consumer Act - Price Act - Foreign Investment Act of 1991 - Price Tag Law Reviews and formulates policies/guidelines on enforcement and domestic trade and consumer related laws/concerns Policy research and review

Formulates programs and policies on fair trade laws and other related provisions Prepares position papers and monitors senate/congress bills and resolutions
Consultancy and technical services

Provides legal/technical consultancy to DTI ROG, non-government organizations (NGO), and other DTI clients Conducts regional consultancy on enforcement Conducts training/Seminar for regional/provincial offices
Consumer Welfare Division

Provides ample protection to consumers thru tri-media consumer education and information dissemination program Releases information materials such as Consumer Alerts, Consumer Tips, flyers, calendar, film and press releases Provides mechanism for the speedy resolution of consumer complaints Prepares guidelines in the development and strengthening of consumer organizations Maintains consumer hotline including the maintenance of the i-reklamo system
Business Regulatory Division

Provides system and standards in the accreditation of service and repair enterprises and licenses and permits for realty service, fire extinguisher, and bonded warehouse Verifies and approves business names (BNs) nationwide for provinces without on -line linkages
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Aquino, Bambao, Chan, Liwanag, Sese Price Monitoring Unit

Acts as the Secretariat to the National Price Coordinating Council (NPCC) Provides technical support to different industry associations Reviews suggested retail prices (SRPs) Evaluates the impact of foreign exchange (forex) rate fluctuations and oil price hikes to the prices of basic necessities and prime commodities Develops strategies in maintaining price stability and supply sufficiency of basic necessities and prime commodities Consolidates and analyzes nationwide price monitoring reports Provides services to the 24-hour consumer hotline during emergencies and related instances.
Procedure in Filing a Complaint: Consumer Arbitration Officers (CAOs) shall have original and exclusive jurisdiction to adjudicate all cases filed by consumers under the Consumer Act. The complaint shall be filed in duplicate with the Provincial Office (or with its field office) or with its mother Regional Office if the province has no Provincial Office, or in the case of the National Capital Region (NCR), with the Area Office, situated in the place specified by the parties in a written agreement executed prior to the filing of the complaint. All cases for violations of the Consumer Act, or of any Trade and Industry Law, or of the Price Act and its IRR, shall be commenced by filing a complaint or a formal charge, as the case may be. The full names of any and all real parties-in-interest, whether natural or juridical persons, or of the DTI office or agency, shall be stated in the caption of the complaint or formal charge, as well as in the decisions and orders. All complaints shall be prosecuted by the complainant or by his/its counsel. All formal charges shall be prosecuted by the duly authorized officer or representative of the initiating office or agency of DTI. The respondent shall defend himself personally or by counsel. In lieu of a formal hearing, the Adjudication Officer shall direct the parties to simultaneously submit their respective position paper with supporting affidavits and other documentary evidence not later than fifteen days from receipt of the Preliminary Conference Order. Should the Adjudication Officer believe that there is/are question/s of fact, he may set the case for hearing before the same is submitted for decision, purposely to resolve that issue. During the said hearing, questions may be propounded by parties to each others affiants-witnesses. During the mediation stage, if the parties agree on an amicable settlement of the case, they shall sign an agreement indicating the terms and conditions thereof. The agreement shall not be contrary to law, morals, good customs, public order or public policy. The Adjudication
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Officer shall render a decision based on the compromise agreement, which shall immediately be final and executory. How the Agency Resolves the Complaint: Within fifteen days from the time the case is submitted for decision, the Adjudication officer shall issue a decision in writing. The decision shall be clear and concise, and shall contain statements on: (a) the relevant facts of the case; (b) the issue/s involved; (c) applicable law and/or jurisprudence; (d) conclusions and reasons therefore; and (c) the relief/s granted, if any, and the administrative penalty/ies imposed, if any. The Adjudication Officer shall have the power to impose administrative penalties upon the respondent, if warranted, and even if these have not been prayed for by the complainant. All decisions shall become final and executory when all periods for Motion for Reconsideration and Appeal provided in these Rules, whether taken or not, shall have lapsed. (DEPARTMENT ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 07 Series of 2006, Instituting the Simplified and Uniform Rules of Procedure for Administrative Cases Filed with the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) for Violations of the Consumer Act of the Philippines and Other Trade and Industry Laws)
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PHILIPPINE PORTS AUTHORITY
Location: Bonifacio Drive, South Harbor Port Area, Manila. Its declaration of policy includes the implementation of an integrated program for the planning, development, financing, and operation of Ports or Port Districts for the entire country. The Philippine Ports Authoritys mandate is to establish, develop, regulate, manage and operate a rationalized national port system in support of trade and national development. Its mission is commit to provide reliable and responsive services in our ports, sustain development of our port communities and the environment and be a model corporate agency of the government. Its vision is by 2030, customers doing business in our ports shall experience full and sustained, productivity, efficiency, comfort, connectivity, safety and security Services: PPA is the government agency charged with the specific duty of supervising, controlling, regulating, constructing, maintaining, operating and providing such facilities or services as are necessary in the ports vested in, or belonging to it. The PPA formulates in coordination with the National Economic and Development Authority a comprehensive and practicable Port Development plan for the State. They supervise, control, regulate, construct, maintain, operate, and provide such facilities or services as are necessary in the ports vested in, or belonging to the Authority. They also prescribe rules and regulations, procedures, and guidelines governing the establishment, construction, maintenance, and operation of all other ports, including private ports in the country. They license, control, regulate, supervise any construction or structure within any Port District. They also provide services (whether on its own, by contract, or otherwise) within the Port Districts and the approaches thereof, including but not limited to berthing, towing, mooring, moving, slipping, or docking any vessel; loading or discharging any vessel; sorting, weighing, measuring, storing, warehousing, or otherwise handling goods. In addition, the also exercise control of or administer any foreshore rights or leases which may be vested in the Authority from time to time. They coordinate with the Bureau of Lands or any other government agency or corporation, in the development of any foreshore area. The PPA controls, regulates, and supervises pilotage and the conduct of pilots in any Port District. They also provide or assist in the provision of training programs and training facilities for its staff or
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staff of port operators and users for the efficient discharge of its functions, duties, and responsibilities. How Public can Avail of the Services: The Field Offices deliver the frontline services of Philippine Ports Authority. For ease in port administration and control, the country has been divided into five geographical areas called port district, two in the Luzon island, one in the Visayas and two in Mindanao. The administrative unit overseeing the operations of each Port District is referred to as a Port District Office (PDO). Under the PDOs are smaller geographical groupings called Port Management Offices (PMO). The PMOs, on the other hand, consist of frontline operating units called Terminals, the administrative units overseeing the operations of which are called Terminal Management Offices (TMOs). The TMOs, for their part, undertake directly the operation of each port facility. The field office of PPA consists of the 5 PDOs and 23 PMOs including their TMOs. Procedure in Filing a Complaint: Complainants of whatever nature may be filed by approaching the Officer of the Day of the Public Assistance and Complaints Desk in any of the PPA Offices. How the Agency Resolves the Complaint: P.D. 857 provides that if the master, owner or agent of any vessel refuses or neglects to pay on demand any dues, rates, or charges made, the Authority may, in addition to any other remedy provided by law, distrain or arrest on its own authority such vessel and tackle, apparel or furniture belonging to the vessel, and detain the same until the amount or amounts due have been paid.
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OFFICE FOR TRANSPORTATION SECURITY
Location: Andrews Ave. corner Aurora Blvd., Pasay City. The Office of Transportation Security is an attached agency of the Department of transportation and Communication. It is designated as the single authority responsible for the security of the transportation systems of the country. Its functions include, but are not limited to; Civil Aviation, Sea Transport and Maritime Infrastructure, Land Transportation, and Rail System Infrastructure.
Mission:
Its mission is to formulate, develop, maintain and implement national transport security programs, plans, rules and regulations in accordance with international standards to secure the transportation system of the country. Its vision is a world class organization committed & capable to ensure and maintain a secured and dependable transportation system. Services: Some of its frontline services include, but are not limited to: Airport Passenger and Baggage Screening at Airport, Evaluation and Approval of Ship Security Assessment, Evaluation and Approval of Port Facility Security Assessment, Issuance of International Ship Security Certificate or National Ship Security Certificate, Issuance of Statement of Compliance of Port Facility, Issuance of Certificate of Security Compliance, Security Survey or Inspection with Threat and Risk Assessment, Application for Employment, Approval of Application for Monetization or Commutation of Leave, Application for Travel Authority, Issuance of Certification of Employment and Service Record, Processing and Approval of Application for Leave, and Payment of Claims.
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How Public can Avail of the Services:
The Office of Transportation Security has an official Facebook fanpage: http://www.facebook.com/ots.dotc. Its hotlines are +63-2-8537964 and 0919-9999OTS(687). Clients and stakeholders can also send their feedback thru email at this address: administrator@ots.gov.ph.
Procedure in Filing a Complaint:
The OTS has devised feedback and complaint form to monitor the satisfaction of our clients/ stakeholders on services rendered by our personnel and satisfied/unsatisfied clients may drop it in suggestions/complaint box located at the OTS lobby. These feedbacks are monitored and consolidated every end of the month and reports are submitted to Pers & HRD Division for appropriate action.
How the Agency Resolves the Complaint:
The Administrator of the Office of Transportation Security has the sole and unilateral responsibility to determine sensitive security information (SSI). The Administrator prohibits the disclosure of information, files or records or date of any sort, if in his opinion, the disclosure of such information ; a) is detrimental to the security of persons and things in the transportation sector; b) will reveal trade secrets or privileged or confidential information obtained from any person, natural or juridical; c) will constitute unwarranted invasion of privacy of persons, including but not limited to information contained in any personnel, medical or similar file; d) will undermine public trusts and confidence in duly constituted authorities in the exercise of judgment calls and discretions in any or all risk managements and preventive/preemptive actions undertaken. In view hereof, the Authority and all of its officers, staff and personnel shall not be compelled to bear witness, report, information or testimony in any inquiry or forum of whatever nature called for the purpose unless authorized in writing and within the scope of authorized inquiry by the President of the Republic of the Philippines; The Regional Trial Court or the Sandiganbayan, as the case maybe, shall have jurisdiction to try all cases involving unlawful interference to transportation system. Those charged with or convicted of acts of unlawful interference are without prejudice to the prosecution for any other act or acts penalized under the Revised Penal Code or other existing laws.
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CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

(Formerly Air Transportation Office)
Location: Old Mia Road Pasay 1300 History: On March 4, 2008, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed into law Republic Act 9497 the CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY Act of 2008. This law stands to update and strengthen the international framework of the country's civil aviation industry. In its declaration of policy, the agency was provided jurisdiction over the restructuring of the civil aviation system, the promotion, development and regulation of the technical, operational, safety, and aviation security functions under the civil aviation authority. It is created an independent regulatory body with quasi-judicial and quasi-legislative powers and possessing corporate attributes. Vision: Our vision is to see the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) becoming an institution providing good service to its clientele that is better than the best provider in the South East Asia region. Mission: Our mission is to make every personnel, every process and every product serves every client anytime and anywhere without sacrificing anyone and anything. CAAP Functions (Republic Act No. 9497): Establish and prescribe rules and regulations for the inspection and registration of all aircraft owned and operated in the Philippines and all air facilities; Establish and prescribe the corresponding rules and regulations for the enforcement of laws governing air transportation; Determine, fix and/or prescribe charges and/or rates pertinent to the operation of public air utility facilities and services;
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Administer and operate the Civil Aviation Training Center (CATC); Operate and maintain national airports, air navigation and other similar facilities in compliance to ICAO; Perform such other powers and functions as may be prescribed by law.
It promotes, accelerates, and regulates the construction industry. Its implementing boards are the Philippine Contractors Accreditation Board (PCAB), Philippine Overseas Construction Board (POCB), the Philippine Domestic Construction Board (POCB), and the Construction Industry Arbitration Commission (CIAC). The CIAP and its four implementing boards provide various regulatory and developmental services for the construction industry. Generally, CIAP provides information on industry policies, industry performance and prospects, contractors profiles, blacklisted contractors, and contractors performance ratings. One of its vital roles in the construction industry is the regulation of the domestic contracting sector through the issuance of licenses to contractors and the contractors' registration and classification by the Philippine Contractors Accreditation Board (PCAB) for government projects. CAAP Programs: Human Resource Development for ANS Specialist The ANSS-HRD Project provides for training courses for Air Navigation Systems Specialists (ANSS) in order to produce a sufficient number of qualified and competent personnel who will operate, maintain and properly manage the facilities of air traffic communications, navigation, and surveillance (CNS). This is in recognition that human factors and training are essential for the safety, efficiency, and regularity of air transport.
Airport Emergency Preparedness Program (AEPP) The CAAP, in compliance with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) of which the Philippines is a member, is conducting an Emergency Air Crash Exercise in line with its Airport Emergency Preparedness at the General Santos Puerto Princesa and Davao Airports. The CAAP is undertaking these activities in coordination with the Office of Civil Defense, Department of Health (STOP-D.E.A.T.H.) and the Philippine National Red Cross. The establishment of an Airport Emergency Preparedness Program (AEPP) will ensure that airport and its surrounding communities are able to cope with an emergency occurring at the airport or its vicinity and identify the responsibilities and required action of all
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agencies and personnel involved. The AEPP which contains emergency planning procedures is vital as it minimizes the effect of an emergency. The purposes of such plans are to save lives and maintain aircraft operations. Services: Air Navigation Services is mandated to establish, operate, maintain and flight check air navigation system and equipment nationwide to provide safe, reliable, expeditious, and efficient service in conformance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs). Flight Standards Inspectorate Service is created to assist the Director General of the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines in carrying out the responsibilities of his office for certification and inspection of aircraft, airmen and air operators. Air Traffic Service is tasked with the provision and management of Air Traffic Services in accordance with established national and ICAO standards and recommended practices, administration and implementation of operational plans and programs, establishment and proper utilization of controlled and navigable airspace within the Manila Flight Information Region. Development of ATS rules, regulations, procedures, standards and policies, and provision of training and career development of ATS personnel. Aerodrome Development and Management Service develops and maintains all national airports based on international standards, thereby providing the public with safe and convenient facilities. Operations and Rescue Coordination Center provides an organized emergency response system for aviation, maritime and related calls for assistance in compliance with ICAO and other international conventions and agreements. Aeronautical Information or the AIS ensures the flow of information necessary for the safety, regularity and efficiency of international air navigation. Civil Aviation Training Center (CATC-Manila) is the training arm of CAAP which provides on a regional basis the advanced training courses in the areas of management, instruction and other aviation disciplines. The CAAP also includes online services such as Airmen Licensing System, CAAP Reporting System
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Procedure in Filing a Complaint: A formal complaint may be filed in the Enforcement and Legal Service of the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines. It shall then be forwarded for investigation to the proper department such as the International Civil Aviation Coordinating Staff, Aircraft Accident and Inquiry Investigation Board, Flight Inspection and Calibration Group, Aerodrome and Air Navigation Safety Oversight Office, CAAP Security and Intelligence Service or the Civil Aviation Training Center. How the Agency Resolves the Complaint: When the Director General finds that any aircraft, aircraft engine, propeller or appliance, used or intended to be used by any operator in civil aviation, is not in a condition for safe operation, the Director General shall notify the operator. Such aircraft, aircraft engine, propeller or appliance then shall not be used in civil aviation or in such manner also to endanger civil aviation, unless found by the Director General to be in a condition for safe operation. Whenever the Director General is of the opinion that an emergency amounting to clear and present danger exists requiring immediate action with respect to safety in civil aviation, the Director General shall have the power, either upon complaint or upon the Director General's initiative, without answer or other form of pleading, hearing, or the making or filing of report, at once make such just and reasonable orders, rules or regulations as may be essential in the interest of safety in civil aviation to meet such emergency: Provided, That the Director General shall immediately thereafter initiate proceedings relating to the matter giving rise to any such order, rule or regulation In determining the amount of any such penalty, the Director General shall take into account the nature, circumstances, extent and gravity of the violation and, with respect to the person found to have committed the violation, the degree of culpability, history of prior offenses, ability to pay, effect on ability to continue to do business, and such other matters as justice may require. The Board, on an appeal properly taken by an interested party from a decision, judgment or order of the Director General, shall have the power to review, confirm, modify, revise, amend or reverse, as the case may be decisions, judgments and or orders of the Director General; confirm, remit, mitigate, increase or compromise, as the case may be, fines imposed by the Director General pursuant with the provisions of this Act; and review, confirm, modify, revise, amend or reverse, as the case may be, impositions by the Director General of liens on personal and real properties of entities, persons, corporations or partnerships in default, or those who have failed to perform their obligations pursuant to rules and regulations promulgated under this Act, or those who shall have failed to pay the fines or other pecuniary penalties for violation thereof. In no case shall the Director General participate in the hearing and adjudication of an appealed case before the Board where the subject of appeal is a judgment or decision rendered
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by his office. In such case, it requires four concurring votes of the members of the Board who actively participated in the deliberation of the appealed case before the judgment or decision of the Director General can be modified or reversed. The Board shall exercise its appellate powers with speedy disposition. For the purpose, the Board shall resolve cases before it within one month from receipt of notice of appeal or from knowledge of the questionable or contested decisions, judgments and/or orders issued and unjust fines imposed by the Director General.
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MANILA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AUTHORITY
Location: NAIA Complex, Pasay City, Metro Manila MIAA Mission: "MIAA commits to uplift the Philippines by providing exceptional airport services through professionalism, unity, and commitment of the management, ensured costumer security and continuous development that suits evolving global standards at the service of international and local market."
MIAA Mandate:
Executive Order No. 778, as amended by Executive Order NO. 903 mandates the Manila International Airport Authority (MIAA) to: Formulate and adopt for application in the airport internationally acceptable standards of airport accommodation service; Upgrade and provide safe, efficient and reliable airport facilities for international and domestic air travel; Help encourage and promote international and domestic air traffic in the country as a means of making the Philippines a center of international and domestic air travel; Perform other functions as maybe provided by the law while maintaining financial viability as an autonomous government entity. History: The countrys premiere airport was originally a US Air Force base until 1948, when it was turned over to the Philippine governments National Airport Corporation. The fledgling civil aviation airports facilities were nothing more than the current domestic runway and a small building as its only passenger terminal. With the abolition of National Airport Corporation in 1951, ownership and management of the airport fell to the Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) under the Department of Commerce & Industry. In 1956, the CAA was transferred to the Department of Public Works, Transportation & Communications.
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The first thirteen years of the airport were marked by the building of infrastructure dedicated to international flights. The international runway and associated taxiway were built in 1953, and 1961 saw the completion of a control tower and a terminal building for the exclusive use of international passengers at the southwest intersection of the runways. This system came to be officially known as the Manila International Airport (MIA). The MIA was headed by a General Manager who carried the rank of a Division Chief. However, the airports impact on the country's economy possessed such magnitude that it became a matter of policy and practice that the General Manager be appointed by the President of the Philippines. The Seventies heralded a phenomenal upsurge in the country's manpower exports and the Philippine tourism industry witnessed the quadrupling of international flight frequencies to Manila. In 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos promulgated Executive Order No. 381, authorizing the development of Manila International Airport (MIA) to meet the needs of the coming decades. A feasibility study and airport master plan was drawn up in 1973 by Airways Engineering Corporation. The detailed engineering design of the new MIA Development Project (MIADP) was undertaken by Renardet-Sauti/Transplan/F.F. Cruz Consultants while the design of the International Passenger Terminal building was prepared by Architect L.V. Locsin & Associates. A US$29.6 Million loan was arranged with the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to finance the project. The final engineering design was adopted by the Philippine Government in 1974 and concurred by the ADB on September 18, 1975. Actual work on the project started in the second quarter of 1978. On March 4, 1982, the MIA Division under the Bureau of Air Transportation was abolished by EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 778. In its place, the MANILA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AUTHORITY (MIAA), was created and vested with the power to administer and operate the Manila International Airport. Though MIAA was envisioned to be autonomous, Letter of Instructions (LOI) No. 1245, signed on May 31, 1982, clarified that for purpose of policy integration and program coordination, the MIAA Management shall be under the general supervision, but not the control of, the Ministry of Transportation and Communications. Notable evolutions in the MIAAs charter were made on July 21, 1983, through Executive Order No. 903. This order provided that 65% of MIAA 's annual gross operating income be reverted to the general fund for the maintenance and operation of other international and domestic airports in the country. It also scaled down the equity contribution of the National Government to MIAA: from PHP 10 billion to PHP 2.5 billion and removed the provision exempting MIAA from the payment of corporate tax.
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Another Charter revision followed in September of 1983, with the promulgation of Executive Order No. 909, increasing the membership of the MIAA Board to nine (9) Directors with the inclusion of two members to be appointed by the President of the Republic. The last amendment to the MIAA Charter was made on July 26, 1987 through Executive Order No. 298 which provided for a more realistic income sharing arrangement between MIAA and the National Government. Instead of the 65% of MIAAs gross operating income, only 20%, exclusive of income generated from the passenger terminal fees and utility charges, shall revert to the general fund of the National Treasury. EO 298 also reorganized the MIAA Board and raised the capitalization to its original magnitude of PHP 10 billion. On August 17, 1987, Republic Act No. 6639 was enacted and the MIA was renamed the Ninoy Aquino International Airport. The MIA Authority however, retained its corporate name since the law did not amend the original or revised charters of the MIAA. Frequently Asked Questions: I am concerned about missing my connecting flight. How do I ensure that I do not miss my connecting flight? Upon disembarkation, you will be met by you airlines ground staff. Inform them immediately of your connecting flight and you will be guided to the Transfer Desk for proper assistance. Who will assist me if I left an item on my flight or at the airport? For an item left on your flight, the airline representative at the Airport will be on hand to assist you. For an item left in the airport, inform any airport Operations personnel on duty for assistance you or you may call the Intelligence and Investigation Division, the office handling lost and found items at +63.2.877-1109 +63.2.877-1109 loc.3654. Where can I find information about the Philippines upon arrival? Brochures about the Philippines may be secured at the Tourist Information counter and at the Concierge Desks. At the NAIA Terminal 1, the Tourist Information counter is located right after the Arrival Immigration Hall. At NAIA Terminal 2, both Northwing and Southwing, you will find maps at the Concierge Desks. The desk are situated Arrival Lobby near the Rotunda. The Information Counter at NAIA Terminal 3 is located at the Arrival Lobby.
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How early should I arrive for check-in? Departing passengers used to be advised to be at the airport two hours before the flight. Due to additional security screening measures, however, it is best to be at the airport three hours before the flight especially if the flight falls within the peak hours of the terminal. Is there a pharmacy or medical clinic in the terminal? If so where can I find it? All our terminals have medical clinics with well-trained medical staff. At NAIA Terminal 1, the clinic is located on the left side past the Customs area as you exit to the Arrival lobby. In Terminal 2, it is at the Rotunda, Arrival level. In Terminal 3, it is also located on the left side past the Customs area. In Terminal 4, the clinic is at the pre-boarding area. There are concessionaires at the departure transit area and pre-boarding areas selling common, non-prescription medicines. How can I transfer from one terminal to the other or from the international terminal to the domestic terminal and vice-versa? We have airport shuttle buses that go around the airport complex at regular intervals. These buses are deployed specifically to pick-up and drop off passengers in all the terminals. The shuttle ride is free of charge. How do I claim for my lost luggage? Checked-in luggages sometimes get misrouted and arrive at a later time. When this happens, immediately proceed to the Interline Baggage Section to follow-up on your luggage. Be ready to present your airline ticket and the copy of your baggage tag. The Interline Baggage Section at NAIA Terminals 1, 2-Northwing and 3 are located at the Baggage Claim Hall. Do you have a smoking area in the terminal? NAIA Terminals 1, 2 and 3 have coffee shops where smoking is allowed. NAIA Terminal 4 has a smoking lounge. The coffee shops of Terminals 1, 2 and 3 as well as the Smoking Lounge of Terminal 4 are all located at the Pre-boarding areas. Are there hotels near the airport? The nearest 5-star hotels are about 10 to 15 minutes drive from NAIA Terminals 1, 2 and 4. There are hotels right across NAIA Terminal 3.
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Is there an internet caf at the airport or free Wi-Fi service? There are no internet cafes in our terminals. Free Wi-Fi is available at the passenger movement areas. I will arrive in the evening at NAIA Terminal 1 and my connecting flight will depart at midmorning the following day. Is there a place inside the terminal where I can be comfortable, catch some sleep and be able to freshen up while waiting for my flight? NAIA Terminal 1 has a Day Room intended for transit passengers. It offers basic amenities including shower rooms for a comfortable overnight stay. The Day Room is located near the Transfer Desk. Inform the staff at the Transfer Desk for you to be endorsed to the Day Room. I am going on a 4-day trip. Can I park my car in the parking lot for the duration of my trip? Is it safe? How much will it cost me? You can park your car in our parking lot for the duration of your trip. As you enter the parking lot, inform the security guard at the entrance gate so that he can log your vehicles data in his record book and be advised where to park your vehicle. Overnight parking costs only P50.00 per day. I will arrive on Philippine Airlines from an international flight then catch a Philippine Airlines domestic flight. How do I go from the international terminal to the domestic terminal? You will arrive at NAIA Terminal 2s Northwing. The terminals Northwing is used for international operations while the Southwing is for domestic operations. You have to exit to the Arrival lobby of the Northwing then walk past the Rotunda to the lobby of the Southwing. Take the stairs or the elevator to go up to the Departure level of the Southwing. What is the best advice to get me through security as smoothly as possible? Pack all liquids into checked-in luggage. This will ensure a smooth journey through passenger security screening areas. Are there fees to be paid at the airport when departing? For international travel, there is an Airport Users Charge of P750.00. For domestic travel, it is the Passenger Terminal Fee at P200.00. The collection booths are situated at the entrances to the pre-departure hall. A travel tax is also required to be paid to the Tourism Promotion Board. Exempted from this fee are Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW). The rates are as follows: P1,620.00 for Filipinos who are not permanent residents in other countries. P810.00 for Filipinos below 12 years old and are not permanent residents in other countries. P200.00 for Filipino permanent
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residents abroad and infants below 2 yrs old. P300.00 plus a processing fee of P200.00 for dependents of OFWs going to the job site What is the maximum amount of money I can bring in to the Philippines? A passenger is allowed to bring a maximum of US$10,000.00 or its equivalent in other foreign currencies. The carrying of foreign currency in excess of US$10,000.00 or its equivalent must be declared to a Customs Officer or the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. Violation of this rule may lead to seizure and sanctions, fines and / or penalties. For more information on this matter, please visit http://www.customs.gov.ph. I will arrive with dutiable articles but will bring these items with me when I leave the Philippines. What shall I do so that taxes and duties will not be imposed? Upon arrival at the airport, you must inform the inspecting Customs Officer of your intention. In this case, you may be required to accomplish a re-exportation commitment form secured by a cash bond deposit equal to the ascertained duty and tax on the article, refundable upon your departure with the article, for which a corresponding Official Receipt will be issued. For more information on this matter, please visit http://www.customs.gov.ph. What is the number of cigarettes and liquor I can bring in to the Philippines without being taxed? The following are tax exempt: Two (2) reams of cigarette or two (2) tins of tobacco Two (2) bottles of liquor or wine not exceeding one (1) liter per bottle For more information on this matter, please visit http://www.customs.gov.ph. I have been living abroad for one-and-a-half years only. Am I already considered a balikbayan? Filipino citizen who has been continuously out of the Philippines for a period of at least one (1) year from the date of last departure are already classified as balikbayans. A Filipino overseas worker (OFW) or former FIlipino with foreign passport and members of his family (i.e. spouse and children) who are travelling with him are also considered balikbayans. For more information on this matter, please visit http://www.customs.gov.ph.
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I will return to the Philippines as a balikbayan and I will bring with me a number of used items. Are these tax exempt? Balikbayan and Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) are entitled to a Ten Thousand (10,000,00) Peso duty exemption on used personal and household effects. Any excess is subject to an ad valorem duty (Executive Order 206). In addition, OFWs are entitled to duty and tax-free privileges on used appliances limited to one of every kind provided the total value does not exceed PHP10,000.00. Any excess is subject to duty and tax. The amount of duty to be paid shall be determined by the Customs Officer. Please have all your receipts and / or supporting documents ready for presentation to the Customs Officer. For more information on this matter, please visit http://www.customs.gov.ph. Do I have to declare all the articles I am bringing with? All arriving passengers are required to accomplish a Customs Declaration for (BD Form 117) given on board the carrying aircraft. If travelling as one family, one declaration is sufficient. Arriving passengers are required to declare all articles purchased or acquired abroad, indicating the quantity and its total acquisition price. If unsure of what to declare, please consult any Customs Officer on duty. For more information, please contact: The Commissioner of Customs South Harbor, Port Area, Manila 1018 Philippines Telephone number: +(632) 527-4573, +(632) 527-4573 Fax:+(632) 527-9453 NAIA District Collector of Customs Telephone number: +(632) 879-6003, +(632) 879-6003 Fax:+(632) 819-5088 Deputy Collector for Passenger Service Telefax:+(632) 831-6262 Chief, Arrival Operations Division Telefax:+(632) 879-5185 Website: www.customs.gov.ph Email: arrivalcustoms@hotmail.com Can I bring my pets to the Philippines? What are the requirements? A person planning to bring animal into the Philippines from abroad must apply in writing for an import permit at the following address:
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The Director Bureau of Animal Industry Visayas Ave., Quezon City Philippines Attention: Animal Health Division Tel. No. (63 2) 966-883, 980-971, 926-6883, 927-0971 Fax No. (63 2) 926-6866, 928-2429, 928-2836 A valid health and rabies certificate must be obtained from the agency concerned at the port of origin shortly before shipment. The certificate will be required by the Veterinary Quarantine Officer upon arrival at the port of disembarkation. Any pet without such a certificate will be detained by the Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI) until cleared. For countries declared to be rabies-free, the rabies vaccination is waived. The appropriate authorities in the country of origin can provide this information. For pet fishes, in lieu of a health certificate, a prior import permit must be obtained from the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR). All animals imported into the Philippines shall be subject to such quarantine and tests as may be prescribed by the Director of Animal industry and those found to be infected with dangerous communicable animal diseases shall immediately be condemned, killed and properly burned or buried in the presence of a representative of the Bureau of Animal Industry at the expense of the importer. Who must pay and who are exempted from the payment of travel tax? Under Presidential Decree (PD) No. 1183, as amended by PD 1205, Batas Pambansa (BP) 38 and Executive Order (EO) 283, Filipinos and other nationals travelling to other countries are required to pay travel tax before departure from the Philippines. Who must pay travel tax Filipino nationals Permanent resident aliens Non-resident aliens who stayed in the Philippines for more than one (1) year. Who are exempted Filipino overseas contract workers Filipino permanent residents abroad whose stay in the Philippines is less than one year Infants (2 years old and below) Foreign diplomatic representatives Employees of the UN and its agencies US military personnel
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International carrier crew Philippine foreign service personnel assigned abroad and their dependents Philippine Government employees on official travel (excluding Government-owned and controlled corporations) Grantees of foreign Government funded trips Students with approved scholarships by appropriate Government agency Personnel of Philippine offices of multinational corporations not engaged in business in the Philippines and their dependents.
For more information: Revenue Department Philippine Tourism Authority R. 117, DOT Bldg., TM Kalaw, Rizal Park, Manila Tel. No. 523-3029, 524-7141 loc. 100, 103, 109 E-mail address: revenue@philtourism.com or trvltax@philtourism.com Website: www.philtourism.com What are the requirements for exemption from travel tax? Filipino Overseas Contract Workers Valid passport Employment certificate Valid Overseas Employment Certificate (OEC) from POEA if hired through this agency. The OEC serves as the travel tax exemption certificate; workers do not need to go to PTA for exemption. For those directly hired abroad, a certificate of work or employment issued by the employer and noted by the Philippine Embassy / Consulate or the Employment Contract authenticated by the Philippine Embassy / Consulate. Filipino Permanent Residents Abroad Copies of ID pages of passport and stamp of last arrival in the Philippines Proof of permanent residence in foreign country which may, among others, be the official document issued by the foreign government concerned showing the grant of permanent resident status to the Filipino citizen For those between 18 to 60 years old and are employed, Philippine Income Tax Return (ITR) for the previous year The ITR may either be: - An Information Return (BIR Form 1701C or 1703) for those who do not derive income in the Philippines - The appropriate ITR form prescribed by the BIR for those who derived income in the Philippines
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Aquino, Bambao, Chan, Liwanag, Sese Infants

Photocopy of passport Certified true copy of birth certificate
What are the quarantine and regulatory agency restrictions and conditions to the importation of pets / animals and household plants? Requirements Prior to the Shipment of Pet Animals A person planning to bring any animal into the Philippines from abroad must apply in writing for an import permit at the following address: The Director Bureau of Animal Industry Visayas Ave., Quezon City Philippines Attention: Animal Health Division Tel. No. (63 2) 966-883, (63 2) 980-971, (63 2) 926-6883 (63 2) 926-6883, (63 2) 927-0971 , (63 2) 927-0971 Fax No. (63 2) 926-6866, (63 2) 928-2429, (63 2) 928-2836 A valid health and rabies certificate must be obtained from the agency concerned at the port of origin shortly before shipment. The certificate will be required by the Veterinary Quarantine Officer upon arrival at the port of disembarkation. Any pet without such a certificate will be detained by the Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI) until cleared. For countries declared to be rabies-free, the rabies vaccination is waived. The appropriate authorities in the country of origin can provide this information. For pet fishes, in lieu of a health certificate, a prior import permit must be obtained from the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR). All animals imported into the Philippines shall be subject to such quarantine and tests as may be prescribed by the Director of Animal industry and those found to be infected with dangerous communicable animal diseases shall immediately be condemned, killed and properly burned or buried in the presence of a representative of the Bureau of Animal Industry at the expense of the importer. Requirements Prior to Shipment of Household Plants
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A Phytosanitary Certificate must be obtained from the government agency concerned at the port of origin and presented to the Plant Quarantine Officer. Plants arriving in the country without this certificate as well as those falling in the alert list may be detained. For pertinent rules and regulations on shipment of household plants, write to The Director Bureau of Plant Industry 612 San Andres Malate, Manila Tel. No. (63 2) 521-7648 (63 2) 521-7648 Fax No. (63 2) 521-7650 E-mail address: bpinir@info.com.ph For more information on plant quarantine matters, you may visit the site of the Philippine Plant Quarantine Service at http://bpi.da.gov.ph/AUs/PQS.htm
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PHILIPPINE AEROSPACE DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
Location: PADC Hangaar 2, General Aviation Area, Domestic Road, Pasay City, Philippines 1300 The Philippine Aerospace Development Corporation (PADC) was established in 1973 as the government's arm for the development of the Philippine Aviation Industry. The driving motives for its establishment are self-reliance, national security and technology transfer. PADC established a maintenance, repair and overhaul center for Allison 250 series turbine engines, as well as Lycoming and Continental piston engines up to four hundred (400) HP rating. As the Allison Authorized Maintenance and Overhaul Center (AMOC) in the Philippines, PADC undertook the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program on the overhaul of the Allison 250-C30 engines of the Sikorsky helicopters and the Allison 250-B17 engines of the Nomads, for the Philippine Air Force. In addition, PADC maintains a complete facility for the repair and overhaul of piston engine, fuel accessories, landing gears and propellers bearing the Hartzell, Mc Caulley and Hamilton brands. PADC has gained wide experience in aircraft assembly, fabrication and structural repair. To date, PADC's major accomplishments include the assembly of forty-four (44) BO-105 helicopters and sixty-seven (67) BN Islander aircraft under a licensing agreement with Messerchemitt Bolkow Blohm (MBB) of Germany and Pilatus Britten Norman (PBN) of England, respectively. In a joint venture with Agusta / SIAl Marchetti of Italy, PADC completed the assembly of eighteen (18) units SF 260 TP single-engine turbo-prop trainer aircraft and twenty-four (24) S-211 jet trainers for the Philippine Air Force. PADC also completed the assembly of six (6) units Lancair ES and two (2) units Lancair IV aircraft for the Philippine National Police. Other major accomplishments include the repair of four (4) units DC9 aileron trim tabs, manufacturing of ten (10) units SF-260 vertical fin, Inspection Repair as Necessary (IRAN) of two (2) units F-27 Fokker Aircraft. Up to the present, PADC continues to do the IRAN for the BN Islander Aircraft Series. Aside from manufacturing, PADC is also an exporter of helicopter components, i.e. helicopter tail booms and fiberglass components. PADC has also accomplished Non-traditional projects, which include the manufacturing of one thousand (1,000) units Fiberglass chicken feeders and fifty (50) units Fiberglass bus panels. PADC is an attached agency of the Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC). DOTC Secretary sits as the Chairman of the Board of Directors. A highly trained and experienced technical workforce, many of whom were trained abroad, are employed by PADC. Its
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facilities are located in the General Aviation Area at the Manila Domestic-Airport. Capabilities: Overhaul, repair and functional test of the following Piston Engines: 1. Textron Lycoming 2. Teledyne Continental Overhaul, repair and functional test of the following Continental and Lycoming Fuel Accessories. 1. Fuel Pump 2. Fuel Injector 3. Fuel Manifold Valve/Flow Divider 4. Fuel Nozzle 5. Carburetor 6. Fuel Metering Unit 7. Air Throttle Overhaul and repair of Propeller and Propeller Governor 1. Hartzell 2. Mc Cauley 3. Hamilton Overhaul, repair and functional test of Landing Gear (Cessna Aircraft, BN Islander and other small aircraft) Overhaul, repair and bench check of Starters, Alternators and Magnetos (All Types) Non Destructive Inspection using any of the following methods: 1. Fluorescent Penetrant Inspection 2. Magnetic Particles Inspection 3. Eddy Current Inspection 4. Visual Inspection Repair and Calibration of Precision Measuring Equipment 1. Pressure Gauges (0-5000 psi) range. Wet only Machining of Aircraft Parts
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Aircraft Assembly (Complete Knock Down) How to Contact Them: Maintenance Repair Overhaul Services Tel.:(+632) 851-3750 Email us: info@padc.com.ph
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LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT AUTHORITY
Location: LRTA Compound, Marcos Highway, Santolan, Pasig City History: The Light Rail Transit Authority is recognized as the premiere rail transit in the country providing reliable, efficient, dependable, and environment-friendly mass rail services to all residents of Metro Manila. LRTA is a wholly owned government corporation created on July 12, 1980 under Executive Order (EO) No. 603, as amended by EO No. 830 dated September 1982, and EO No. 210 dated July 7, 1987. The LRTA is primarily responsible for the construction, operation, maintenance and/or lease of light rail transit systems in the Philippines. From 1976 to 1977, a fourteen-month study funded by the World Bank was conducted by Freeman Fox and Associates, and this suggested a street-level light railway. The then newly created Ministry of Transportation and Communications (MOTC) reviewed and revised the recommendations, introducing an elevated version because of the many intersections. This raised the cost from P1.5 billion to P2 billion. Another foreign firm was commissioned by MOTC for supplementary study which was completed within three months. On July 12, 1980, the country's president, Ferdinand E. Marcos, created the Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) as a government agency. The Chairman was the then First Lady and Governor of Metro Manila, Imelda Romualdez Marcos. This LRTA confined its activities to determining policies, to the regulation and fixing of fares, and to the planning of extensions to the system. The project was called Metrorail and was operated by a sister company of the former tramway company Meralco, called Metro, Inc. Initial assistance for building the LRT project came from the Belgian government which granted a P300 million "soft" and interest-free loan with a repayment time of 30 years. The project was expected to pay for itself within a period of 20 years out of revenue alone. A Belgian consortium consisting of ACEC (Ateliers de Constructions Electriques de Charleroi, BN), (Constructions Ferroviaires et Metalliques, formerly Brugeoise et Nivelles), TEI (Tractionnel Engineering International) and TC (Transurb Consult) provided an additional loan of P700 million. The consortium provided the cars, signalling, power control, telecommunications, training and technical assistance. The entire system was expected to be financially "in the red" well into 1993.
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Against an expected gross revenue of P365 million for the first operating year, government losses were thought likely to reach P216 million. The system was designed as a public utility rather than as a profit center. Construction of the line started in October 1981, and was the responsibility of CDCP (Construction and Development Corporation of the Philippines); with assistance from the Swiss firm of Losinger and the American company Dravo, the latter, through its Philippine subsidiary. The government appointed Electrowatt Engineering Services of Zurich (Switzerland) to manage and supervise the project. Electrowatt set up offices in Manila and became responsible for extension studies of the system which eventually comprised 150 km of routes along all major corridors in about 20 years time. Mandate:
By virtue of Executive Order No. 603, the Light Rail Transit Authority was created to be primarily responsible for the construction, operation, maintenance and/or lease of LRT Systems in the Philippines.
Vision: To be the institution in the field of mass rail transit system and be in continuous pursuit of excellence in the provision of safe, reliable, efficient and effective mass rail transit services for optimum customer's satisfaction. Mission: To pursue excellence in the provision of quality mass transport and related services in the metropolitan areas of the country in a safe, reliable, cost-effective, caring, integrated, and ecologically responsible manner. Quality Policy/Pledge: We, at LRTA, commit to comply with the requirements of the Quality Management System and continually improve our effectiveness in providing quality urban mass rail transport and related services in order to achieve our goal of "SERBISYONG AYOS!" Ticket & Fare Structure: Automated Fare Collection System (AFCS) An Automated Fare Collection System (AFCS) using plastic magnetic tickets as fare medium is being utilized in both the LRT Line 1 and LRT Line 2 Systems. The AFCS replaced the old token fare collection system which had been in operation in Line 1 from December 1, 1984 to September 8, 2001 and which used the token as the fare medium.
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Aquino, Bambao, Chan, Liwanag, Sese Fare Structure
LRT Line 1 Starting March 22, 2010, passengers using Single Journey (SJ) tickets will be charged PhP12.00, Php15.00 or Php20.00 depending on the number of stations travelled or whether Balintawak or Roosevelt (opened October 22, 2010) station is part of their trip, while Stored Value (SV) ticket holders will be charged from Php12.00 to Php20.00 depending on their trip length or whether Balintawak or Roosevelt Station is part of their trip. LRT LINE 1 Fares excluding those to and from Balintawak or Roosevelt Station Distance (no. of inter-stations) Single Journey Ticket Fare (PhP) Stored Value Ticket Fare (PhP) 1-4 12 12 5-8 15 13 Fares to and from Balintawak or Roosevelt Station 5-7 8-10 15 15 20 16 1113 20 17 1417-18 19 16 20 18 20 19 20 20
9-12 13-17 1-2 3-4 15 14 15 15 15 13 15 14
LRT Line 2
A distance related fare structure is currently being used for Line 2. Passengers will be charged Php12.00 for the first three (3) stations, Php 13.00 for four to six (4-6) stations, Php14.00 for seven to nine (7-9) stations and Php15.00 for ten (10) stations. LRT LINE 2 Distance (no. of inter-stations) Single Journey or Stored Value Ticket Fare (PhP) 1-3 12 4-6 13 7-9 14 10 15
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Aquino, Bambao, Chan, Liwanag, Sese LRT Line 1 Tickets
Single Journey 1 Ticket [Brown]

Sold for Php20.00 each. Can only be used once. Valid only on the date of purchase
Single Journey 2 Ticket [Green]

Sold for Php12.00 each. Can only be used once. Valid only on the date of purchase.
Single Journey 3 Ticket [Red]

Sold for Php15.00 each. Accepted at all LRT Line 1 Stations. Can only be used once. Valid only on the date of purchase.
Stored Value 1 Ticket [Blue]

Sold for Php100.00 each. Accepted at all LRT Line 1 Stations. Multiplerides. With LastRide Bonus (i.e. ticket is still valid for one more ride even if the remaining balance is less than the minimum fare and at least P0.50) Valid for six (6) months from date of first use.
Stored Value 3 Ticket [Orange]

Sold for Php80.00 Accepted at all LRT Line 1 Stations. Available only to senior citizens or disabled passengers upon presentation of valid ID at the ticket booth. Multiple rides. With Last Ride Bonus (i.e. ticket is still valid for one more ride even if the remaining balance is less than the minimum fare and at least P0.50) Valid for six (6) months from date of first use.
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LRT Line 2 Tickets Single Journey Ticket [Violet]

Sold for Php12.00, Php13.00, Php14.00, Php15.00 each. Accepted at all LRT Line 2 Stations. Can only be used once. Valid only on the date of purchase.
Stored Value 2 Ticket [Red]

Sold for Php100.00 each. Accepted at all LRT Line 2 Stations. Multiple rides. With Last Ride Bonus (i.e. ticket is still valid for one more ride even if the remaining balance is less than the minimum fare and at least P0.50) Valid for six months from date of first use.
Stored Value 4 Ticket [Pink/Orange]

Sold for Php80.00 Accepted at all LRT Line 2 Stations. Available only to senior citizens or disabled passengers upon presentation of valid ID at the ticket booth. Multiple rides. With Last Ride Bonus (i.e. ticket is still valid for one more ride even if the remaining balance is less than the minimum fare and at least P0.50) Valid for six (6) months from date of first use.
Ticket Problems Expired Tickets Tickets will expire if:

Single Journey tickets which are valid only on the day of purchase are used after day of purchase. Stored Value tickets which are valid for six (6) months from the date of first use at the gate is used after the said six month period. If ticket is used to exit in the same station after sixty (60) minutes for Line 1 and thirty (30) minutes for Line 2, from entry. If ticket is used to exit the system after one hundred eighty (180) minutes for Line 1 and one hundred twenty (120) minutes for Line 2, from entry.
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Aquino, Bambao, Chan, Liwanag, Sese What to do:
Passenger is required to buy another ticket.
Damaged Tickets Tickets that are scratched, folded, and written-on or exposed to magnet are considered damaged. What to do: For Single Journey tickets, passenger buys another ticket for Php 12.00 and pays penalty of Php 9.00 for damaged ticket. For a Stored Value ticket, passenger surrenders the damaged ticket to the station teller who shall fill up a Ticket Incident Report (TIR) so that the ticket could be analyzed for its remaining value. The passenger shall be given the blue copy of the TIR which will be used when claiming for the remaining value of the ticket five (5) days after filing of the TIR.
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PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RAILWAYS
Location: PNR Executive Building, Mayhaligue Street, Tondo, Manila Background: The state-owned Philippine National Railways (or Pambansang Daangbakal ng Pilipinas in Filipino), commonly abbreviated as PNR, is the sole operator of the most extensive intra-island railway on Luzon, the largest island in the Philippines. It operates two commuter rail services in Metro Manila and the Bicol Region. The Bicol service is currently under rehabilitation in preparation for the resumption of the Bicol Express run to Naga City in Camarines Sur province, and eventually to the southern terminal in Legazpi City in Albay. The existing and well-patronized commuter service in Metro Manila is part of the metropolitan transit system and is referred to as the Orange Line. History: PNR officially began operations on June 26, 1875 as the Ferrocarril de Manila-Dagupan, during the Spanish colonial period, and later becoming the Manila Railroad Company (MRR) during the American colonial period. It became the Philippine National Railways on June 20, 1946 by virtue of Republic Act No. 4156. The PNR is an attached agency under the Department of Transportation and Communications. PNR used to operate over 797 km (495 miles) of route from La Union down to Bicol. However, continued neglect and damage from natural calamities in past decades reduced PNR's efficiency and railroad coverage. Persistent problems with informal settlers in the 1990s contributed further to PNR's decline. In 2006, Typhoons Milenyo and Reming caused severe damage to the network, resulting in the suspension of the Manila-Bicol services. In 2007 the Philippine government initiated a rehabilitation project aiming to remove informal settlers from the PNR right-of-way, revitalize commuter services in Metro Manila, and restore the Manila-Bicol route as well as lost services in Northern Luzon. Government actively pursued the rehabilitation and revival of Philippine rail transport through various investments, despite the numerous problems involved. By 2011, work was ongoing for the total reconstruction of rail bridges and tracks, including replacement of the current 35-kilogram track with newer 50-kilogram tracks and the
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refurbishing of stations. The first phase, involving the conversion of all the tracks in the Manila metropolitan area, was completed in 2009. On July 14, 2009, PNR launched its diesel multiple units (DMU) newly acquired from South Korea. In mid-2011, a test run of the Bicol Express between Manila and Naga City was conducted although it encountered a problem with the tracks and typhoon-damaged embankment in the Malaguico, Sipocot area. Full repairs have been undertaken since then. Four types of rolling stock run on PNR's lines. These are the locomotives, the Commuter Express or Commex cars, baggage cars, diesel rail cars or DRC, and the newly acquired Manila commuter trains, the Korean diesel multiple units or DMUs. There are 14 locomotives, 18 Commex cars, two baggage cars and eight DRC currently operating. PNR recently acquired (November 2010) surplus sleeper coaches and passenger cars from Japan Railways East, while more rolling stock is expected to arrive. As of July 21011, these units have been installed with safety window screens and the exteriors repainted. PNRs hauling capacity has also been increased with repair, reconditioning, and repainting of seven (7) units of Diesel Electric Locomotives (DEL). At the same time, passenger convenience once the Bicol run is resumed will be augmented with on-board dining as the repair and conversion of the lines dining car has been completed. Green & Orange Lines The Philippine National Railways owns two different rail lines, namely the North Main Line (Green Line) and the South Main Line (Orange Line), along with the three spur lines, which serve various parts of Luzon. The only operating line and presently under rehabilitation, is the South Main Line (Orange Line), which serves as the regional rail backbone of Southern Luzon. The PNR currently operates in the Manila metropolitan area and the provinces of Laguna, Quezon, Camarines Sur and Albay. In the past, the PNR also used to serve the provinces of Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan and La Union on the North Main Line, and Batangas on the South Main Line. The North Main Line will be partly replaced under the current North Rail project. Plans are also afoot to revive previously discontinued services. Passenger services: Commuter Express The Commuter Express (also Metro Commuter), commonly called the Commex, serves as the commuter rail service for the Manila metropolitan area, extending as far south as Binan, in Laguna. The PNR uses GE locomotives hauling Commex passenger cars, as well as newly procured Hyundai Rotem DMUs, for this service. Commex service using the new DMUs is currently offered between Tutuban and Alabang in Muntinlupa City, while a daily Commex run between Manila
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and Bian City, Laguna runs using GE locomotives. Currently, Commex trains make 38 daily trips, 19 in each direction. Bicol Commuter The Bicol Commuter service serves as the commuter rail backbone of the Bicol Region, serving stations between Tagkawayan, in Quezon province and Ligao City, in Albay, with Naga City in Camarines Sur acting as a central terminus. The service was launched on September 16, 2009, in time for the feast of Our Lady of Peafrancia, but was once suspended due to typhoon damage and pending full rehabilitation. When service is restored, Bicol Commuter trains will make seven trips a day, alternating between Tagkawayan, Sipocot, Naga and Ligao as termini. Five trips will run using a Commuter Express DMU sent to the Bicol Region, while two trips use GE locomotives. Station layout All PNR stations are at-grade, using a side platform layout. Most have only basic amenities: platforms and ticket booths, while rehabilitated stations along the Metro Manila line have been fitted with wheelchair ramps. Several stations have extended platforms, having an upper platform catering to DMU services, and a lower platform for regular locomotive-hauled services. Peak ridership While there are spotty records for actual ridership levels and quantities during the PNRs best years during the late 1960s and early 70s, existing data on train operations show such daily passenger figures or ridership during peak seasons as follows: For the Metro Commuter Operation, an estimated 47,000 passengers rode 24 motor cars at 62 trips per day to six routed destinations. This was when services extended between Tutuban and such destinations as San Jose, Nueva Ecija; Carmona, Cavite; Calamba and College, Laguna; Malolos, Bulacan; and Guadalupe. For Mainline North, PNR had six trips daily from Tutuban to San Fernando, La Union using 14 passenger cars. Estimated peak ridership was at 3,000 passengers daily. For the long-distance trains of the Mainline South, the estimated peak ridership was at 7,560 passengers daily on ten trips using 36 cars to various destinations in the Bicol Region.
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Virtual monopoly on land travel The factors surrounding these figures included PNRs virtual monopoly of long-distance land travel and commuting, when it had much less competition in either the Metro Commuter or the two Mainline train operations. Highways were less developed, there were not LRTs, no diversions roads. The PNR then had 47 open stations from Manila to Legazpi and 26 to San Fernando, La Union. In Metro Manila, all commuter stations were manned by PNR Station Personnel, while the company itself employed more than 7,000 personnel in plantilla positions compared to 264 today. Bicol Train Route:
How to Report Complaints: For any questions, concerns, or feedback about PNR's services, please contact us provided below: For feedback/comments/suggestions, please go to the PNR official Facebook page at: http://www.facebook.com/pnrailways For updates and announcements, please go to the PNR official Twitter page at: https://twitter.com/PNRailways
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For RESERVATIONS/TICKETS call 3190045, 3190041, 3190046, 3190049, 3190050, 3190051, 3190053, 3190056 Local 104/105 All letters such as application for employment should be sent through postal mail addressed to: The Manager Administration and Finance Department 4th Floor PNR Executive Bldg, Mayhaligue St. Tondo Manila 1000.
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REFERENCES www.fda.gov.ph www.nmp.gov.ph www.dti.gov.ph www.caap.gov.ph www.cab.gov.ph www.marina.gov.ph www.dotc.gov.ph www.ltfrb.gov.ph www.coastguard.gov.ph www.ppa.com.ph/ www.ots.gov.ph 125.60.203.88/miaa/ www.padc.com.ph/ www.lrta.gov.ph www.pnr.gov.ph
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APPENDIX The succeeding Appendix pages are supplemental materials to this research.
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Research Study On Torts and Damages and Transportation 2012 - FINAL

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A Research Paper on Torts, Damages and Transportation Law

Aquino, Bambao, Chan, Liwanag, Sese