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Cyberspace and

the Future of Memory

Vic
e-week 2006

Prof. Pierre Lévy

Canada Research Chair in Collective Intelligence


Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
University of Ottawa
Evolution of Cultural Memory
Cyberspace
Ubiquity, interconnection and activity of
2000 signs. Semantic numbers.
Mass Media
Technical self-reproduction and
1500 broadcasting of signs. Scientific notations.

Alphabet Universal writing system using +/- 30


-1000 signs: phonograms. Positional notation, 0.
Writing
Technical memory of language: ideograms.
-3000
Numerals. Measurement units.
Orality
-300000 Myths, rites, oral transmission. Icons.
Limits of the Contemporary Web
• Linguistic, cultural and disciplinary fragmentation.
• Search engines look for characters strings instead
of looking for concepts or subjects (that are
independent from words in natural languages).
• No automatic hyperlink generation between
documents on same subjects.
• No automatic semantic distance calculus (even in
relatively homogeneous corpuses).
• No transverse automatic inferences (across
ontologies, terminologies or documentary
languages).
Virtual Memory Architecture
Noosphere Interconnection between significations.
<IEML> concepts addresses </IEML>.
Semantic computing, multimedia exploration.
2015
Shared virtual semantic memory. Global collective
intelligence. Augmentation of interpretation.

Web Interconnection between documents.


URL = http://pages addresses.
Search engines, browsers.
1995 Global multimedia hypertextual public sphere.

Internet Interconnection between computers.


Internet Protocol = information servers addresses.
Routers.
1980 Personal computing. Virtual communities. Digitized media
convergence.
Computer Interconnection between transistors.
Computer memory = bits addresses.
Operating systems. Applications software
1950 Augmentation of logical and arithmetical processing.
Why Semantic Numbers ?
• (1) Natural constraint: Natural languages (semantic
adressing systems of human memory) are designed by
biological evolution to be processed by brains, not by
computers.
• (2) Cultural opportunity: Interconnected automatic symbol
manipulators compose the global medium of human language
and cultural signs.
• (1) AND (2) => Problem: what semantic addressing for the
virtual memory of collective intelligence ?
• Response to the problem: A computable symbolic system
able to address any concept. IEML semantic numbers.
• Result: Fully automatable exploitation of the semantic content
of information across linguistic, cultural and disciplinary
barriers.
The Five Laws of Computational Semantics
1. No patent: Semantic numbers are public domain.
2. No exclusion: Semantic numbers address a
virtually infinite variety of concepts.
3. No ontological hierarchy : Semantic numbers
provide a peer to peer relation between concepts
and ontologies.
4. No arbitrary authorithy: The IEML dictionary is
built and discussed publicly by a multidisciplinary
and multicultural community of ontology managers
and metalaguage specialists.
5. No mystery: The IEML community develops a
rational methodology to connect semantic numbers
to concepts in natural languages.
INFORMATION ECONOMY

SYMBOLIC RESEARCHERS COMMUNITIES


WORK People - Applications

COMPUTATIONAL SEMANTICS
Concepts: search - relations - analysis - synthesis - inference - measurement

MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM FOR SEMANTIC ADRESSING SEMANTIC WEB


IEML RDF - SPARKL -
OPEN INFORMATION
Information Economy Meta Language OWL - other norms -
TOOLS FLUX
XML - UNICODE

WWW : URL - HTTP - HTML

Internet : TCP-IP

COMMON DIGITAL MEMORY


WEALTH documents
aspiration
creation creation
collective

création intelligence création

aspiration

Collective intelligence dynamics


Why current social sciences could be
better at promoting human development
• Sciences of nature since the • Current Sciences of culture
scientific revolution – Fragmentation among disciplines
– Universal physical space and paradigms. No integrated
causal model of human
– High tech observation instruments development.
– Formalized and consistent – Low tech observation instruments
languages – Non-formalized languages or
– High computability different formalizations according
– High testability to cultures, disciplines and
paradigms
– « Explicit » shareable, cumulative – Low computability
knowledge => strong knowledge
– Low testability
management
– « Tacit » knowledge (non-
shareable, non-cumulative) =>
weak knowledge management
THREE LEVELS

conceptware MEASURABLE SEMANTIC & PRAGMATIC PHENOMENA

semantic
cultural sciences
computing

software MATHEMATICAL CALCULUS

classical
natural sciences
computing

hardware MEASURABLE PHYSICAL & BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA


Human Language
• Syntax
– Combinations of elements
– Multi-leveled articulation
• Semantic
– Potentially infinite # of distinct representations
– Hierarchically organized in sets and subsets
• Pragmatic
– Ability to tie and untie a potentatially infinite # of
human relationships, using syntax and semantic.
• ==> Reflexive consciousness
• ==> Culture (human collective intelligence)
Discursive
Linguistic: Signified
Thought Being Scholastic: Conceptus
Peirce: Interpretant
Husserl: Intentionnality

Sign Thing
Linguistic: Signifier Linguistic: Referent
Scholastic: Vox Scholastic: Res
Peirce: Foundation of sign Peirce: Object
Husserl: Noeme Husserl: Object
emotional Religion, ethics, law,
intelligence institutions, psychology
relational thought

Culture
formal Practical
intelligence intelligence
Mathematics, philosophy, Hunting, fishing,
communication, art, agriculture, architecture,
literature, semiotics, industry, engineering,
abstract thought technical thought
Communication
Universes of possible meanings
Intentions
Interpretants
CONCEPTS
Symbols Objects
Cultures Natures / Ontologies

to the
virtual

Attractions Repulsions
Desires Laws
AFFECTS
Dynamic balances
Liberties
to the
actual

Foregrounds Backgrounds
Texts Contexts
PERCEPTS
Forms
Readings / Writings

Experience
Possible spatio-temporal universes
COMPUTATIONAL SEMANTICS

SEMANTIC NUMBERS

NUMBERS CONCEPTS

Computers Interpretants
Non-humans / Humans Communities

Computability
Notation Structures Symbols Objects
systems Natures / Cultures Cultures Ontologies

Scientific observation of
collective intelligence

Mathematics, computer science, Natural and social sciences, humanistic


engineering disciplines, ontologies management
Addressing, measurement and calculus Transmission and development of
of conceptual dynamics in cyberspace knowledge on concepts ecosystems

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

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