RS-45 (R434A)

RS-45 OEM TECHNICAL BULLETIN

R22 REPLACEMENT AT ALL TEMPERATURES
CAPACITY RS-45 is unique in being a capacity match for R22 across the range of applications where R22 is commonly found. No other refrigerant mirrors the capacity of R22 at low temperature (-350C evap) & high temperature (+70C evap)

APPLICATION RANGE Owing to its unique thermodynamic properties, RS-45 has a much wider application range when replacing R22 than R404A, R507, R410A, R407C & others. Whereas R404A & R507 are effective at low temperatures, they are not suitable at high temperatures. Conversely while R410A & R407C are effective at high temperatures, they are not suitable at low temperatures. RS-45 is an excellent replacement for R22 both at high & low temperatures, which is illustrated in charts1 & 2 Chart 1: RS-45 Capacity & Coefficient of Performance - Refrigeration

Refrigeration
3 3000

2.5

2500

2 COP

2000 Capacity k

1.5
R22 COP

1500

RS-45 COP R22 Capacity

1000

0.5

RS-45 Capacity

500

0 -40 -30 -20

0 Temperature C

0 -10 0

Chart 2: RS-45 Capacity & Coefficient of Performance Air conditioning

Air Conditioning
5 4.5 4 3.5 3 4500 4000 3500

COP

2500 2.5 2000 2 R22 COP 1.5 1 0.5 0 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 RS-45 COP R22 Capacity RS-45 Capacity 1500 1000 500 0

Temperature 0C

LUBRICANTS RS-45 is suitable for use with both the traditional lubricants including mineral (MO) & alkylbenzene (AB) oils, & also the new synthetic oxygen containing lubricants including polyol ester (POE), polyalkylglycol (PAG) & others. The ability to use traditional lubricants both reduces cost and avoids the use of hygroscopic synthetic oils which can absorb moisture during maintenance.

COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE RS-45 has a Coefficient of Performance which matches R22 as illustrated in charts 1 and 2

COMPRESSION RATIO RS-45 has a compression ratio which matches R22 across the range of applications where R22 is commonly found.

Capacity kW/m3

3000

FLAMMABILITY RS-45 is non flammable according to ASHRAE Standard 34 with a safety classification of A1 which includes non flammability as formulated & at worst case fractionation.

OZONE DEPLETION POTENTIAL RS-45 has no ability to deplete ozone with a zero ODP

GLIDE RS-45 is a near azeotropic blend with a glide of 1.50C, one third that of R407C which facilitates its use across a wide temperature range. Chart 3: RS-45 Glide

Evaporator Glide
6

R407C

Glide K

R407C Glide RS-45 Glide

RS-45

0 -40 -30 -20 -10 0

0

10

20

Evaporating Temperature C

DISCHARGE PRESSURE RS-45 has similar discharge pressures to R22 & over 40% lower than R410A.

EQUIPMENT MODIFICATIONS For the same duty RS-45 has a higher volume flow rate than R22 which may require OEMs to increase appropriately the sizes of liquid lines to optimize performance, notably the following:

(1) Capillary tube: the length may need to be decreased, the diameter increased or a combination of both. (2) Expansion valve: recommendation is to that the TX valve is sized to accommodate a mass flow 40% greater than R22. The bulb in a TXV typically used in a R502 system should be used. (3) Liquid line: the diameter may need to be increased. On large systems with remote air-cooled condensers the liquid return line from the outlet of the condenser to the inlet of the receiver may also need to be modified. However, OEMs should also note that the liquid viscosity of RS-45 is significantly lower that of R22 (see physical properties table) so that only modest changes to the liquid lines and expansion devices may be required. Pipe sizing tables are available for OEMs to calculate the appropriate sizing of pipes in their equipment required to accommodate the higher flow rate of RS-45. To optimize system performance with RS-45, evaporator and/or condenser capacities may need to be altered in some cases. The addition of a liquid/suction heat exchanger may also improve overall performance.

DISCHARGE TEMPERATURE RS-45 has a considerably lower discharge temperature than R22 which provides significant operating benefits including a much lower risk of oil degradation. Chart 4 Discharge temperature

Discharge Temperature: Refrigeration

3 250

2.5 200 Discharge Temperature C

0

2 150 COP 1.5 100 1 R22 COP RS-45 COP 0.5 R22 Discharge Temperature RS-45 Discharge Temperature 0 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15
0

50

0 -10 -5 0 Evaporating Temperature C

RS-45 also has a discharge temperature which is 20% lower than R407C and over 25% below R410A. The life of the equipment is extended and potential warranty claims are reduced when systems operate at high ambient conditions.

RS-45 Pressure-Enthalpy Chart

100

-60

-40

-20

20

40

60

1.5

1.6

1.7 120 100 80

1.8 0.006 1.9 0.01 0.015 0.025

2.0

2.1

10

Pressure (bara)

60

0.04 0.06

40 0.1 20 0.15 0.25 0.4 0.6 -40 -60 1.0

Key: saturation line constant entropy line kJ/kg.K constant temperature line 0C constant specific volume m 3/kg Reference State (IIR): For liquid at 0 0C Enthalpy = 200 kJ/kg Entropy = 1 kJ/kg.K

1
-20

1.5

0.1 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Enthalpy (kJ/kg)

RS-45 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

PROPERTY Molecular Weight Boiling point (1 atm) Temperature Glide Critical Temperature Critical Pressure Liquid Density (25 0C) Density of saturated vapour (25 0C) Latent Heat of Vaporisation at boiling point Cv (25 0C & 1bara) Cp (25 0C & 1bara) Cp/Cv (25 0C & 1 bara) Vapour Pressure (25 0C) Vapour Viscosity (25 0C & 1 bara) Liquid Viscosity (25 0C) Liquid Thermal Conductivity (25 0C) Surface Tension (25 0C) Specific heat of liquid (25 0C) Ozone Depletion Potential Flammability limit in air (1 atm) Inhalation exposure (8 hour day & 40 hour week) C F K 0 C 0 F bara psia kg/m3 kg/m3
0 0

RS-45 105.3 -44.9(1) -48.8(1) 1.5 77.83 172.1 39.31 570.2 1096 53.1 190(1) 0.775 0.861 1.111 11.8(1) 163(1) 0.0128 0.140 0.0665 0.00528 1.50 0 none 1000

R22 86.5 -40.8 -41.4 0 96.1 204.8 49.9 724 1191 44.2 234 0.559 0.662 1.185 10.4 151 0.0126 0.166 0.0837 0.00808 1.26 0.055 none 1000

kJ/kg kJ/kg.K kJ/kg.K bara psia cP cP W/m.K N/m kJ/kg.K ODP vol% ppm

(1)

Bubble Point

1 February 2007

Refrigerant Solutions Ltd

8 Murieston Road Hale Altrincham Cheshire WA15 9ST Tel: (+44)(0) 161 926 9876 Fax: (+44)(0) 161 926 9875 E-mail: rs@refsols.com Web: www.refsols.com