PROBLEM 5.

122
KNOWN: Conditions associated with heat generation in a rectangular fuel element with surface cooling. See Example 5.11. FIND: (a) The temperature distribution 1.5 s after the change in operating power; compare your results with those tabulated in the example, (b) Calculate and plot temperature histories at the midplane (00) and surface (05) nodes for 0 t 400 s; determine the new steady-state temperatures, and approximately how long it will take to reach the new steady-state condition after the step change in operating power. Use the IHT Tools | Finite-Difference Equations | One-Dimensional | Transient conduction model builder as your solution tool. SCHEMATIC:
Symmetry adiabat Too = 250 oC h = 1100 W/m 2-K Coolant x L = 10 mm Fuel element q1 = 1x10 7 W/m 3 q2 = 2x10 7 W/m 3 = 5x10-6 m2/s k = 30 W/m-K

00 01

02

03

04 05

. .

ASSUMPTIONS: (1) One dimensional conduction in the x-direction, (2) Uniform generation, and (3) Constant properties. ANALYIS: The IHT model builder provides the transient finite-difference equations for the implicit method of solution. Selected portions of the IHT code used to obtain the results tabulated below are shown in the Comments. (a) Using the IHT code, the temperature distribution (C) as a function of time (s) up to 1.5 s after the step power change is obtained from the summarized results copied into the workspace
1 2 3 4 5 6 t 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 T00 357.6 358.1 358.6 359.1 359.6 360.1 T01 356.9 357.4 357.9 358.4 358.9 359.4 T02 354.9 355.4 355.9 356.4 356.9 357.4 T03 351.6 352.1 352.6 353.1 353.6 354.1 T04 346.9 347.4 347.9 348.4 348.9 349.3 T05 340.9 341.4 341.9 342.3 342.8 343.2

(b) Using the code, the mid-plane (00) and surface (05) node temperatures are plotted as a function of time.
480
Temperature, T(x,t) (C)

Temperature his tory after step change in power

440

400

360

320 0 100 200 Tim e, t (s) T00, Mid-plane, x = 0 T05, Surface, x = L 300 400

Continued

PROBLEM 5.122 (Cont.)

Note that at t 240 s, the wall has nearly reached the new steady-state condition for which the nodal temperatures (C) were found as:
T00 465 T01 463.7 T02 459.7 T03 453 T04 443.7 T05 431.7

COMMENTS: (1) Can you validate the new steady-state nodal temperatures from part (b) by comparison against an analytical solution? (2) Will using a smaller time increment improve the accuracy of the results? Use your code with t = 0.15 s to justify your explanation. (3) Selected portions of the IHT code to obtain the nodal temperature distribution using spatial and time increments of x = 2 mm and t = 0.3 s, respectively, are shown below. For the solveintegration step, the initial condition for each of the nodes corresponds to the steady-state temperature distribution with q1.
// Tools | Finite-Difference Equations | One-Dimensional | Transient /* Node 00: surface node (w-orientation); transient conditions; e labeled 01. */ rho * cp * der(T00,t) = fd_1d_sur_w(T00,T01,k,qdot,deltax,Tinf01,h01,q''a00) q''a00 = 0 // Applied heat flux, W/m^2; zero flux shown Tinf01 = 20 // Arbitrary value h01 = 1e-8 // Causes boundary to behave as adiabatic /* Node 01: interior node; e and w labeled 02 and 00. */ rho*cp*der(T01,t) = fd_1d_int(T01,T02,T00,k,qdot,deltax) /* Node 02: interior node; e and w labeled 03 and 01. */ rho*cp*der(T02,t) = fd_1d_int(T02,T03,T01,k,qdot,deltax) /* Node 03: interior node; e and w labeled 04 and 02. */ rho*cp*der(T03,t) = fd_1d_int(T03,T04,T02,k,qdot,deltax) /* Node 04: interior node; e and w labeled 05 and 03. */ rho*cp*der(T04,t) = fd_1d_int(T04,T05,T03,k,qdot,deltax) /* Node 05: surface node (e-orientation); transient conditions; w labeled 04. */ rho * cp * der(T05,t) = fd_1d_sur_e(T05,T04,k,qdot,deltax,Tinf05,h05,q''a05) q''a05 = 0 // Applied heat flux, W/m^2; zero flux shown Tinf05 = 250 // Coolant temperature, C h05 = 1100 // Convection coefficient, W/m^2.K // Input parameters qdot = 2e7 // Volumetric rate, W/m^3, step change deltax = 0.002 // Space increment k = 30 // Thermophysical properties alpha = 5e-6 rho = 1000 alpha = k / (rho * cp) /* Steady-state conditions, with qdot1 = 1e7 W/m^3; initial conditions for step change T_x = 16.67 * (1 - x^2/L^2) + 340.91 // See text Seek T_x for x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 mm; results used for Ti are Node T_x 00 357.6 01 356.9 02 354.9 03 351.6 04 346.9 05 340.9 */