Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
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Cal area
Conglomerante en polvo, obtenido por calcinacin
de piedra caliza, a unos 900~1000C
A ms temperatura la cal es menos reactiva
Calcinacin:
ffd8ffe000104a46494600010201009600960000ffe20c58494
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000000000000000f6d6000100000000d32d485020200000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000011637072740
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0001f000000014626b707400000204000000147258595a0000
0218000000146758595a0000022c000000146258595a000002
4000000014646d6e640000025400000070646d6464000002c4
00000088767565640000034c0000008676696577000003d400
0000246c756d69000003f8000000146d6561730000040c0000
002474656368000004300000000c725452430000043c000008
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7465787400000000436f707972696768742028632920313939
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0000646573630000000000000012735247422049454336313
936362d322e31000000000000000000000012735247422049
Apagado
A
de la cal viva
A
Ataca
a Al, Cu, Zn
Desinfectante
Procedimientos:
P
Al aire (contacto con la humedad ambiente)
A
Por aspersin (se obtiene cal en polvo)
P
Por inmersin (en balsas de agua: se obtiene cal en
pasta)
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435f50524f46494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6
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00000000000000f6d6000100000000d32d4850202000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000116370727400
0001500000003364657363000001840000006c77747074000
001f000000014626b707400000204000000147258595a00000
218000000146758595a0000022c000000146258595a0000024
000000014646d6e640000025400000070646d6464000002c40
0000088767565640000034c0000008676696577000003d4000
000246c756d69000003f8000000146d6561730000040c00000
02474656368000004300000000c725452430000043c0000080
c675452430000043c0000080c625452430000043c0000080c7
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8204865776c6574742d5061636b61726420436f6d70616e790
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Tipos
T
de cal
T
Tipo
I: (CaO+MgO) > 90 %
Tipo II: id > 60 %
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000000000000000f6d6000100000000d32d485020200000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
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0218000000146758595a0000022c000000146258595a000002
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00000088767565640000034c0000008676696577000003d400
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000000000000000000000
Ca(OH)2+CO2CO3Ca+H2O
Debe ser correcta (es un proceso lento)
D
La humedad la dificulta o impide
L
LLa lluvia disuelve
Rpidamente, el hidrxido de cal no carbonatado, y produce
m
manchas
Lentamente, el carbonato clcico (karstificacin)
L
La
L contaminacin favorece la transformacin en bicarbonato, ms soluble
M
Mezclas
naturales o artificiales
Tambin mezclas de cal area y cemento (poco)
T
Cales
C
hidrulicas (2)
Carbonatos
C
C
CaO
: oxido de cal (C)
MgO : oxido de magnesio (M)
ffd8ffe000104a46494600010201006f0066
0000ffe20c584943435f50524f46494c4500
010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e747
25247422058595a2007ce00020009000600
310000616373704d534654000000004945
4320735247420000000000000000000000
000000f6d6000100000000d32d485020200
0000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000116370727
4000001500000003364657363000001840
000006c77747074000001f000000014626b
707400000204000000147258595a000002
Componentes hidralicos
C
Se forman durante la calcinacin
Se combinan los xidos arcillosos con los
clcicos
S
ffd8ffe0001
04a4649460
Endurecimiento
0010201009
c009c0000ffe
20c5849434
Se necesita aire para el
35f50524f46 endurecimiento
e
494c450001 Tiempo: proceso lento,
0100000c48 hasta de 15 das
4c696e6f021 Por carbonatacin del
hidrxido de cal:
000006d6e7 Ca(OH) + CO CO Ca
2
2
3
4725247422 + H2O
058595a200 Adems: fraguado o
7ce00020009
E
hidratacin de los
silicatos y aluminatos
clcicos
Endurecimiento
La cal apagada
se conserva en
balsas
o
bidones,
sin
contacto con el
aire, hasta su
puesta en obra,
cuanto
ms
ttiempo, mejor.
Apagada al modo
tradicional tiene mayor
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000000000000000f6d6000100000000d32d485020200000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000011637072740
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00000088767565640000034c0000008676696577000003d400
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002474656368000004300000000c725452430000043c000008
0c675452430000043c0000080c625452430000043c0000080c
7465787400000000436f707972696768742028632920313939
38204865776c6574742d5061636b61726420436f6d70616e79
0000646573630000000000000012735247422049454336313
936362d322e31000000000000000000000012735247422049
Aplicaciones:
morteros
Pastas
P
de agarre
Mezclado con arenas en
dosificaciones de l/s=1/2 1/3
Equilibrio entre para evitar
arenizacin o agrietamiento
a
Morteros bastardos: mezclados
con cemento
c
Revocos
R
Revestimientos exteriores
ejecutados en varias capas
e
Capas de regularizacin y
a
acabado
Trabajo conjunto con fbricas
rrelativamente flexibles
Morteros secos premezclados
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00000000000000000000000000
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00000000000000000000000000
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00000000000000000000000000
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00000000000000000000000000
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0000000000000000000
ffd8ffe00010
4a464946000
Productos derivados
10201007700
770000ffe20c Ladrillos y bloques slicoc
calcreos
584943435f50
Cal y 90% arena silcea
C
524f46494c45 La mezcla humedecida se
00010100000 ccompacta por prensado
Su
endurecimiento
se
acelera
c484c696e6f0
en autoclave a 200C durante
21000006d6e 8 hs y 10atm de presin
74725247422
058595a2007
ce000200090
00600310000
ffd8ffe000104a4
64946000102010
01300130000ffe2 Productos derivados
0c584943435f505
24f46494c450001 Morteros predosificados a
0100000c484c69 los que se aade agua en
6e6f021000006d6obra y se amasa
(
e7472524742205 (monocapa)
8595a2007ce000 Morteros con propiedades
20009000600310 de aislamiento trmico y
000616373704d5 acstico (cal hidrulica,
34654000000004 perlita expandida y micro
94543207352474 esferas huecas de vidrio).
20000000000000
00000000000000
0f6d60001000000
00d32d48502020
ffd8ffe000104
a46494600010 PProductos derivados
201009000900 Paneles y placas de silicato
clcico
000ffe20c58494 Conglomerados con fibras
3435f50524f46 de celulosa, cal, cemento,
494c450001010 silicato, fibras minerales,
vermiculita, etc.)
v
0000c484c696e ligeros
6f021000006d6 pproteccin fuego
e747252474220 acondicionamiento
acstico
58595a2007ce0
002000900060
031000061637
c
B
Bibliografa:
Lasheras, F., apuntes de la
asignatura, ETSAM.
a
Editorial de los Oficios
(1998), Gua Prctica de la
Cal y el Estuco.
C
I. Grate (1993), Artes de la
Cal, Ministerio de Cultura.
C
Norma UNE EN 459:1:2001,
Cales para la construccin.
Parte 1: Definiciones,
especificaciones y criterios
de conformidad.