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Causative 'have' and 'get' We had the windows cleaned.

When we wish to indicate that something is caused to be done, we can use this structure: The verb have is in the tense required by the sense, and the verb for the action is in the past participle form: We shall have the windows cleaned next week. We have the windows cleaned every week. We would have the windows cleaned if it were necessary. A similar structure is with get: We got the windows cleaned. We shall get the windows cleaned. We get the windows cleaned every week. We would get the windows cleaned if it were necessary. EXERCISE 53 Use the following expressions in meaningful sentences, using the tenses indicated with causative have: Example: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 mending the roof (Future) We shall have the roof mended tomorrow. shortening the sleeves (Future) mending the shoes (Present Simple) making a chair (Future with going to) cleaning this suit (Present Perfect) making a dress (Past Simple) cutting the grass (Past Perfect) cutting my hair (Past Continuous) repairing our radio (Past Simple) washing that shirt (Conditional) polishing the floor (Future Perfect) cleaning the board (Present Perfect) darning his socks (Past Simple) cutting down a tree (Future with going to) repairing a puncture (Past Simple) sweeping the floor (Present Continuous)

EXERCISE 54 Use the following expressions in meaningful sentences with causative get in the tenses indicated. Example: 1 2 installing a phone (Past Simple) We got a phone installed before we moved into our new house. making a table (Future) framing a picture (Past Simple)

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checking the bill (Conditional) repairing his watch (Past Perfect) painting the door (Past Simple) cutting down this tree (Present Continuous) servicing our car (Present Simple) making some coffee (Future) stamping my passport (Past Simple) marking this exercise (Future with going to) building a shed (Past Simple) polishing the table (Future) repairing an electric lamp (Past Simple) examining his eyes (Future with going to) typing a letter (Present Continuous)

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Clauses with 'wish'

Three different tenses can be used after the verb wish depending on the circumstances: 1 When we wish that something not yet happening would happen, or that something happening now would change or stop, we use the Conditional tense: I wish you would agree to come with me. We wish you would tell us the truth. He wishes it would stop raining. I wish that you would speak more slowly. (Note that the Future tense cannot be used here.) 2 When we wish that a situation which does not exist did exist, or that a situation which does exist did not exist, we use the Past Simple tense: I wish I knew the answer. We wish we could help you. We wish the bags weren't so heavy. He wishes the terms weren't so long. (= I don't know the answer) (= We can't help you) (= They are heavy) (= They are long)

Strictly speaking, the verb here is in the Subjunctive form, but this is exactly the same as the Past Simple and does not have to be learnt separately. Note, however, that were is normally used instead of was with singular words in this construction. She wishes she were married. I were taller. his father were not so poor. I wish He wishes

3 When we wish that something had happened which did not happen, or that something had not happened which did happen, we use the Past Perfect tense. I wish I had listened to you. He wishes he had worked hard. I wish I hadn't told you. We wish we hadn't come. (= I didn't listen to you) (= He didn't work hard) (= I did tell you) (= We did come)

EXERCISE 55 Change the infinitives in brackets to the most suitable tense (Conditional, Past Simple or Past Perfect). It will help if you first decide which one of the three groups described above, the sentence belongs to. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 We wish you ___________________________(not disturb) us yesterday evening. I wish that the examination ___________________(be) further away. It starts next Thursday. I wish it _____________________(rain) tomorrow. Our teacher wishes he _________________________(choose) another profession. I wish we _________________________(not have) breakfast so early this morning. I'm hungry already. I wish you _______________________(stop) your dog barking. I can't listen to my radio. I wish you _______________________(stop) your dog barking last night. I couldn't listen to my radio. He wishes he ______________________(be) older than he is. I wish he ________________________(stop) singing. I can't stand it any longer. He wishes his grandfather ___________________(be) alive now. He wishes his grandfather ____________________(be) alive when he won the prize; he would have been very proud of him. I wish we ______________________(start) our holidays yesterday. I wish I ________________________(not be) so lazy when I was in the elementary school. He wishes his father ____________________(buy) him some shoes before the new term started. He wishes his father ____________________(buy) him some shoes before the new term starts. I wish he _______________________(go). He's been here over an hour now. I wish he _______________________(give) me a lift in his car when he goes to town. I wish the teacher ____________________(tell) us more about the examination before it took place. She wishes he ______________________(decide) if he wants to marry her. We wish we _______________________(plant) those seeds earlier last year. I wish this school _____________________(have) a bigger library than it has. The farmer wishes he ____________________(not sell) all his cattle. He didn't get very much for them. I wish you ________________________(repeat) what you just told me so that I don't forget. I wish it ______________________(be) dry today so that we could play tennis. I wish our teacher _____________________(be) more generous when he marked the examination we had last week. I wish we _________________________(not arrive) late for the film. I can't follow the story. I wish it ______________________(be) time to go home. I'm feeling very tired. My father wishes I _____________________(choose) English as my main subject at the university, but I don't think I will. I wish he ______________________(not tell) me how badly I had done. I feel very depressed now. I wish I ______________________(have) more books than I have.