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jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif

atmufwb
kd mv 2012

twGJ 10- trSwf 10 Vol 10, No.10 Oct, 2012

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jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif

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atmufwb
kd mv 2012

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pmrsufEmS (2)

jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif

atmufwb
kd mv 2012

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pmrsufEmS (3)

jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif

atmufwb
kd mv 2012

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jref r mjynf o m;rsm;ta&; yl ; wG J v _ y f & S m ;r_ a umf r wD ( JACBA)rSrS vpOf x k w f a 0jzef @ csD o nf ?

pmrsufEmS (4)

jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif

atmufwb
kd mv 2012

2? ? trsKd ; orD ; tvk y f o rm;rsm;twG u f rD ; zG m ;pOf u mvES i f h tvk y f e m;onf h u mvtwG u f owf r S w f x m;onf h
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tvk y f & S i f E S i f h c sKyf q d k x m;aom pmcsKyf + yD ; qH k ; oG m ;cJ h v #if a omf v nf ; aumif ; / vk y f i ef ; topf & S m &ef apmif h q k d i f ; ae&onf h umv
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,l e k d i f o nf ?
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usrf;udk;? ? MAP Foundation vufurf;pmapmifrS ul;,lazmfjyonf?

The Opportunities for Census members from Social security


fund.
Thai Government notified the policy for Burmese migration that shown as legal labours. Since Thai year 2552. So,
according to that policy all migrant workers need to check artisanship. Then if they have complete dates the labour going
to do work permit. The labours may get equal chance with Thai Labours, if they thve complete dates. So, Thai Government
declared for benefit of social security fund according to Act 2533.
Social security
What is social security? Thats very important for our life, its definition is life insurance.
The following facts be concern,
1. Take care of health
2. Born
3. Accident and injury in a work.
4. Disable person
5. Death
6. Old and Job less period.
But that may get for migrant workers who are member in Census.
jref r mjynf o m;rsm;ta&; yl ; wG J v _ y f & S m ;r_ a umf r w
wD ( JACBA)rSrS vpOf x k w f a 0jzef @ csD o nf ?

pmrsufEmS (5)

jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif

atmufwb
kd mv 2012

Refunding
!Ok, So I would I would like to explain for reader. This way triangle group because it include employer, labour
and Government authorities. They ought to refund monthly, which amount is 5% by employer and other left 5% by labour.
If one of labour earn refund month at least 83 Baths and maximum until 750 Baths.
Taking Census List
I will continue my motto one of a person, who would like to become a member of Census must be a really
worker from factory, or workshop of any company. That work sites must take a list the Census if they have one and above
labour.
The social security member must about at least 15 years and no need to applicant age over 60 years. After listing
membership may get ID card.
So, I will explain continue to that rule.
Census membership can start to use the opportunities of social security often three months. Labour can choose the
best comfortable hospital for them.
Documents for Labours to applicant Social security.
1. Social security form for freshers. (Saw paw saw 1-03)
2. Temporary passport duplicate and workpermit.
3. Social security form for old member. (Saw paw saw 1-03-1)
If doing absent by employer or company must be punishment awarding to the social security 6, months imprison
or fine 20000 Baht or both punishments. The absent of Business men must fine 5000 Baht one day.
Opportunities for census membership in social security.
1. The patient Labours and wounded Labours must take medical treatment at priority hospitals. If one of Labours
had been wounded in worksite, may get Compensation within 15 days after informed to social security office.
2. Medical treatment charges and other expense may get during maternity leave for woman Labours. (Must be take
within after 15 months.
3. Somebody who had been operation by the doctors may get compensation but they must 3, months paid premium.
Then they can take compensation within 15, months with doctors record mutation.
4. Funerary fees can get for be inductive members. 12 months services social security member and may get within 6
months.
5. Members child may get 400 Baths/ one month until the childs age 6 years. But thats may get for two children not
more than that. That may get supporting money within 36 months.
6. The Labours age has been 55 years, may get pension.
7. 50 % salary and compensation include 180 days for dismiss Labours.
I will explain continue. There are 50 month Labours protection acts in Thai. So, I would like to suggest the
Labours, all of our migrant Labours ought to live urder the Law of Thailand, may free from mistakes.
Every including social security Labours can claim their opportunities of social security with post of telephone from
the place wherever they reached. Hereby the migrant Labours can claim for their social security chance officially with
application form.
Ma Har Zaw
Reference Pamphlet by MAP foundation.

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jref r mjynf o m;rsm;ta&; yl ; wG J v _ y f & S m ;r_ a umf r wD ( JACBA)rSrS vpOf x k w f a 0jzef @ csD o nf ?

pmrsufEmS (6)

jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif

atmufwb
kd mv 2012

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wD ( JACBA)rSrS vpOf x k w f a 0jzef @ csD o nf ?

pmrsufEmS (7)

jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif

atmufwb
kd mv 2012

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**Aung Khamkyaw **
pmrsufEmS (8)

jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif

atmufwb
kd mv 2012

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wD ( JACBA)rSrS vpOf x k w f a 0jzef @ csD o nf ?

pmrsufEmS (9)

jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif

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atmufwb
kd mv 2012

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pmrsufEmS (10)

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atmufwb
kd mv 2012

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Miss International 2012


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wD ( JACBA)rSrS vpOf x k w f a 0jzef @ csD o nf ?

pmrsufEmS (11)

jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif

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atmufwb
kd mv 2012

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ppf a q;wmygyJ ? tjynf j ynf q d k i f & m r,f wpf a ,muf [ m
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pmrsufEmS (12)

jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif

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wJh olav; Good deed? Catarina Migliorini had rejected
claims she is a prostitute, saying she saw the
opportunity to make a positive difference to the world

atmufwb
kd mv 2012

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of the way by an Australian film crew tvS L 'ge

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Charitable: Catarina Migliorini says the money will be
spent on building houses for the
poor. Pictured is a shantytown in Rio
de Janeiro atmuwd k b mv 15

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pmrsufEmS (14)

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qENjyyGJawGudk jyKvkyfcJh=uygw,f? (Narinjara News )

WE DO, SO WE ARE (JACBA)


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pmrsufEmS (15)

jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif

atmufwb
kd mv 2012

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jref r mjynf o m;rsm;ta&; yl ; wG J v _ y f & S m ;r_ a umf r wD ( JACBA)rSrS vpOf x k w f a 0jzef @ csD o nf ?

pmrsufEmS (16)

jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif

atmufwb
kd mv 2012

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wD ( JACBA)rSrS vpOf x k w f a 0jzef @ csD o nf ?

pmrsufEmS (17)

jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif

atmufwb
kd mv 2012

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pmrsufESm (1) jynfolvdkvm;vSsif orRwwm0ef,lrnf[k a':atmifqef;pk-unfajymrS tquf


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jref r mjynf o m;rsm;ta&; yl ; wG J v _ y f & S m ;r_ a umf r wD ( JACBA)rSrS vpOf x k w f a 0jzef @ csD o nf ?

pmrsufEmS (18)

jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif

atmufwb
kd mv 2012

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pmrsufESm (1) Edkb,fvf_idrf;csrf;a&;qk EU &&Sdtquf


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pmrsufEmS (19)

jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif

atmufwb
kd mv 2012

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jref r mjynf o m;rsm;ta&; yl ; wG J v _ y f & S m ;r_ a umf r wD ( JACBA)rSrS vpOf x k w f a 0jzef @ csD o nf ?

pmrsufEmS (20)

jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif

atmufwb
kd mv 2012

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pmrsufEmS (21)

jrefrmjynfom;pmapmif

atmufwb
kd mv 2012

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Oya'taxmuftuljyKXme ( LLC) (081 7860 925)

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