EUT440 ENGINEERS IN SOCIETY

NILAI UNIT/NUMBER OF UNIT: 3 (3+0) JENIS KURSUS/COURSE TYPE: TERAS/CORE

MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY

= GROUP A (DK4) 2:00 PM 4:00 PM = GROUP B (DK3) 10:00 AM 12:00 PM = GROUP C (DK5) 8:00 AM 10:00 AM

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INSTRUCTORS
3 GROUPS

GROUP A :
1. PM Ir. Shuib Shahudin, (P. E., M.I.E.M) DURATION OF LECTURES: 4 WEEKS SUBJECT MATTER: ETHICS AND ENGINEERING PROFESSION Office: UNIKA 2. Ibni Hajar bin Haji Rukunudin (Ph.D, P. Eng, M.I.E.M) DURATION OF LECTURES: 5 WEEKS SUBJECT MATTER: SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK PLACE Office: PPK Bioprocess Hours: MON 11:00am 1:00 pm Email: ibnihajar@unimap.edu.my Hp: +60192829878 3. Law Instructor

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EUT440 ENGINEERS IN SOCIETY

GROUP A
WEEK 2. LECT 2.1 27th February 2012
WHY OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSH) IMPORTANT, ETHICALLY, ISSUES CHALLENGES IN OSH BENEFITS OF OSH, COSTS OF ACCIDENT

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EUT440
ATTENDANCE GROUP A- 20th Feb 2012
1. RK 05 - KEJ MICRO E 2. RK 07 KEJ ALAM SEKITAR 3. RK 08 KEJ MAKNKL 4. RK 12 KEJ BAHAN 5. RK 13 KEJ PEMBUATAN 6. RK 20 KEJ KOMPTR 7. RK 23 KEJ SISTEM E 8. RK 24 KEJ MEKATRONIK 9. RK 45 KEJ ELEKTRNIK IND 0 33 1 0 0 15 6 2 4 10. RK 53 KEJ PERHUBUNGAN 11. RK 56 KEJ METALURGY 12. RK 82 KEJ BANGNAN 13. RK 84 KEJ REKABTK PROD 14. RK 85 KEJ BIOMEDIC 15. RK 86 KEJ ELEKTRONIK 16. RK 89 KEJ FOTONIK 17. RK 93 KEJ COMP NWORK 0 0 10 3 1 8 3 43

TOTAL 129
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RISK MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY AT WORK PLACE

Risk management involves assessing and quantifying risks, then taking measures to control or reduce them for the safety and health of workers Knowledge Sincerity Excellence

HAZARDS ID

WHAT IS OSH

CLASSIFY HAZARDS
CONSEQUENT OF HAZARDSHEALTH
ROUTES
FACTORS/EFFECT

WHY OSH - BENEFITS

WHAT CONSTITUTE OSH

CONTROL - BREIFLY

DIFFERENTIATE HEALTH & SAFETY

LEGAL

QUALITATIVE

IMPLICATION

RISK ASSESSMENT
QUANTITATIVE

RISK MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY

SAFETY CULTURE

MORAL & ETHIC FINANCIAL COSTS

ACTS

HIRARC - TOOL STEPS IN HIRARC

OSH 1994
FAC & MACH 1967

RISK CONTROL
ELIMINATION MINIMIZATION ADMINSTRATIVE

RISK MONITORING
ENGINEERING

Why Managing Safety and Health?

Since the days of the Industrial Revolution, when most factories were death-traps for the workers, legislation has steadily improved health and safety at work. Applying our normal principle that prevention is better than cure.
http://www.ehcareers.org/about/specialist_environmental_protection.html

Why Managing Safety and Health?

The air we breathe, the water we bathe in, the noise we tolerate, the land we build on all of these things affect human health. Thats why environmental health is now so high on the political agenda.

Air pollution control and air quality management are essential parts
Noise is another pollutant, Bringing contaminated land back into safe use is another important area. Earlier industrial use has left thousands of sites contaminated by refuse, toxic or dangerous waste.
http://www.ehcareers.org/about/specialist_environmental_protection.html

Why Managing Safety and Health?

Moral and Ethical Issues -Respect Human Resources - morale, commitment, image -Respect their family pride, - Ethical Issues AS A PROFESSIONAL Legal Issues -Claims for compensation -Disruption during the legal process Financial Issues - is not a JUST legal, moral and ethical obligation; it also makes good business sense!!!!!. -Increase of Insurance Premium -Direct Lost -Indirect Lost

ETHICAL ISSUES
REGISTRATION OF ENGINEERS ACT 1967 (Revised 2002) Act 138 An Act to provide for the registration of Engineers and for purposes connected therewith.

ETHICAL ISSUES
Functions of the Board - on Ethics For the purposes of this Act there is hereby established a board to be called "Board of Engineers", Malaysia (BEM). The functions of the Board shall be among others: to hear and determine disputes relating to professional conduct or ethics of registered Engineers; to determine and regulate the conduct and ethics of the engineering profession;

ETHICAL ISSUES
Why do Engineers need to know about Ethics? With knowledge & skills, engineers have the capability to do services to the public.

With this capability, engineers have a tremendous responsibility to clients, individuals and society. Ethics help engineers to guide their decisions to ensure they act responsibly.

ETHICAL ISSUES
Basic Ethical Concepts
Ethical considerations are an integral part of making engineering decisions. The professional obligations of engineers go beyond fulfilling a contract with a client or customer.
Codes of ethics can provide guidance in the decision-making process.

ETHICAL ISSUES
Basic Ethical Concepts
Ethical obligations do not stop at any countrys border; they are global. Wherever engineers practice, they should hold paramount the health, safety, and welfare of the public.
How an engineer fulfils those obligations may depend on the social and economic context of engineering practice.

ETHICAL ISSUES
CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT REGISTRATION OF ENGINEERS REGULATIONS 1990 Conduct of Registered Engineer.
23. Every registered Engineer shall at all times uphold the dignity, high standing and reputation of his profession.

Responsibility to employer, clients or profession.

24. A registered Engineer in his responsibility to his employer, client or the profession shall have full regard to the public interest.

Discharge of duties.
25. (1) A registered Engineer shall discharge his duties to his employer or client as the case may be with complete fidelity.

ETHICAL ISSUES
CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT REGISTRATION OF ENGINEERS REGULATIONS 1990 Reputation etc. of a Registered Engineer not to be injured. 26. A registered Engineer shall not maliciously injure or attempt to maliciously injure whether directly or indirectly, the professional reputation, prospects or business of another registered Engineer.

ETHICAL ISSUES
BOARD OF ENGINEERS MALAYSBIA (BEM) GUIDELINES FOR CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT Five (5) Main SECTIONS for CODE of ETHICS (27 Sub-Sections)

1/5. A Registered Engineer shall at all times hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public.
- 5 SUB-SECTIONS

ETHICAL ISSUES
BOARD OF ENGINEERS MALAYSBIA (BEM) GUIDELINES FOR CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT Five (5) Main SECTIONS for CODE of ETHICS (27 Sub-Sections)

2/5. A Registered Engineer shall undertake assignments only if he is qualified by education & experience in the specific technical fields in which he is involved. 2 SUB-SECTIONS
3/5. A Registered Engineer shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner. 3 SUB-SECTIONS

ETHICAL ISSUES
BOARD OF ENGINEERS MALAYSBIA (BEM) GUIDELINES FOR CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT Five (5) Main SECTIONS for CODE of ETHICS (27 Sub-Sections)

4/5. A Registered Engineer shall act for each employer or clients as faithful agent or trustee. 7 SUB-SECTIONS

ETHICAL ISSUES
BOARD OF ENGINEERS MALAYSBIA (BEM) GUIDELINES FOR CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT Five (5) Main SECTIONS for CODE of ETHICS (27 Sub-Sections)

5/5. A Registered Engineer shall conduct himself honourably, responsibly, ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honour, reputation and usefulness of the profession. 10 SUB-SECTIONS

FACTORIES ACT 1994

LEGAL ISSUE
OSHA ACT 1994

LEGAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER

OSHA 1994

Do you know that it is the duty of our EMPLOYER under the Occupational Safety and Health Act 0f 1994 to: a) Ensure our safety, health and welfare at our workplace by: the provision and maintenance of plant and systems of work that are safe and without risks to health; making of arrangements for ensuring safety and absence of risks to health in connection with the use or operation, handling, storage and transport of plant and substances; the provision of such information, instruction, training and supervision as is necessary to ensure the safety and health at work; maintaining the workplace in a condition that is safe and without risks to health and the provision and maintenance of the means of access to and egress from it that are safe and without such risks; the provision and maintenance of a working environment which is safe, without risks to health and adequate as regards to facilities for our welfare at work.

LEGAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER

OSHA 1994

b) Formulate safety and health policy: as often as may be appropriate revise a written statement of his general policy with respect to the safety and health at work; arrangements for the time being in force for carrying out the policy; to bring the statement and any revision of it to the notice of all of his employees.

FACTORY AND MACHINERY ACT, 1967

Part II. SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELFARE Provisions relating to safety, etc

10. Without prejudice to any law with respect to local authorities, in respect oaf any factory, the following provisions relating to safety shall apply: (a) foundation and floor.. (e) every openings, sump, pit or fixed vessel in a floor , or working level shall be securely fenced so as to prevent risk of persons falling;.

FACTORY AND MACHINERY ACT, 1967

Part II. SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELFARE Lifting of weights

12. No person shall be employed to lift, carry or move any load so heavy as to be likely to cause injury to him

FACTORY AND MACHINERY ACT, 1967

Part II. SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELFARE Projecting material
16. In respect to such machinery as may be prescribed, any part of any material carried by that machinery while it is working thereon which projects beyond any part of the machinery shall be effectively fenced unless it is in such a position as to be safe to any person employed or working on or renting the premises.

PROVISION OF SAFE AND HEALTHY WORK ENVIRONMENT THAT ACCIDENTS AND ILLNESS CAN BE PREVENTED IS A VERY IMPORTANT ASPECT IN ENGINEERING PROFESSION

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FATALITY AND ACCIDENTS IN WORK PLACE -STATISTICS

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RATES OF OCCURRENCE OF OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS and FATALITY in MALAYSIA

Accidents per 1,000 workers

Frequency Rates of Occurrences of Occupational Accidents and Fatalities (source: Bahagian Dasar dan Penyelidikan, JKKP)

Fatalities per 100,000 workers

Lies

OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS BY SECTOR FOR CATEGORY OF NPD* UNTIL DECEMBER 2010 (INVESTIGATED)

*NPD Non-Permanent Disability

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OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS BY SECTOR FOR CATEGORY OF PD* UNTIL DECEMBER 2010 (INVESTIGATED)

*PD Permanent Disability

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OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS BY SECTOR FOR CATEGORY OF DEATH UNTIL DECEMBER 2010 (INVESTIGATED)

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NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS INDEX versus NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL FATALITY OCCURRENCE RATE

Fatal Accidents /100,000 workers

Competetiveness Index

National Competitiveness Index versus National Occupational Fatality Occurrence Rate (source: World Economic Forum/ILO Safework, 2004)

CHALLENGES OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS

Industrial Accidents is on the decline but the compensation paid is on the increase Accidents are more severe in nature and have longer medical leave Minor accidents are not reported Total number of Commuting Accidents increased by 9%

Challenges of Occupational Diseases

Reported OD cases for 2009 increased by 85 %
Total number of OD is expected to increase due to long latency period, before the disease manifests and individual susceptibility factor New emerging diseases is on the increase Medical surveillance is not done according to the regulations for early intervention and thus disease may appear later with much more serious complication Under reporting phenomena carpal

TECHNICALLY , THE GOAL OF SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM IN WORK PLACE IS TO ESTABLISH SAFE WORK ENVIRONMENT -AN ENVIRONMENT FREE FROM HAZARD TO WORKER HEALTH AND SAFETY
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Benefits of Good OSH

Reduced lost time Reduced need to provide cover for personnel absent from work because of injury Reduce sick pay payments Reduce need for time-consuming accident investigation and consequent saving in management time and production down-time Reduced potential for prosecution and other enforcement action by authorities Reduction in the number of claims for compensation by injured personnel

Benefits of Good OSH continue

Reduced employers liability insurance premiums Improved morals Improved image of company, both in terms of employer and competent contractor

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Case study - North Staffordshire Combined Healthcare NHS Trust

The board found itself facing service improvement targets. Using new corporate and clinical guidance, it set about taking a 'whole systems' approach to managing corporate risk, giving one of its directors responsibility for the leadership of health and safety for the first time. Health and safety was also made a key item on the board agenda. This has resulted in a much better integrated health and safety management system that increases the opportunity to identify and manage all corporate risks, and a much more open culture, improving reporting and monitoring. The board actively promotes a culture that gives staff the confidence to report incidents.

This has resulted in: incidence rates reduced by 16% over two years; insurance premiums reduced by 10% - financial implication.

Case study - British Sugar

The company had an excellent safety record and had no indication of the devastating events that were to happen in one year three deaths occurred. Although health and safety had always been a business priority, a change in focus was needed to achieve behavioural change. This included: the CEO assigning health and safety responsibilities to all directors, and monthly reports go to the board; creating effective working partnerships with employees, trade unions and others; overseeing a behavioural change programme and audits; publishing annual health and safety targets, and devising initiatives to meet them.

Results include: time lost to injuries reduced by 43% over a two year period; 63% reduction in major issues over the course of a year; much greater understanding by directors of health and safety risks.

Case study Mid and West Wales Fire and Rescue Service
To give health and safety a high priority, Mid and West Wales Fire and Rescue Service recognised that it was critical for its leadership to demonstrate to its staff that accountability for health and safety was a fundamental element in the success of its overall service delivery. The director of service policy and planning was nominated as the health and safety director for the service in order to clearly define the importance this subject held within the organisation. The director implemented a revised health and safety framework, which included a programme of fire station visits to engage the workforce, and placed a renewed emphasis on improving incident reporting, investigation and monitoring procedures. The service has reported: 100,000 reduction in insurance liability premiums in one year through improved corporate strategic risk management; 50% reduction in sickness absence through work related injury over a two year period; 50% reduction in injury incidence rate over a three year period.

Case study Sainsbury's

An external health and safety audit identified a need to develop a unified approach, and also recommended more direction from the board, to develop an effective strategy. The result was a radical revision of the company's approach, including: the group human resources director creating a health and safety vision, supported by a plan with targets over three years; training on health and safety responsibilities was introduced for all board directors.

This has resulted in: the board providing a role model for health and safety behaviour; 17% reduction in sickness absence; 28% reduction in reportable incidents; improved morale and pride in working for the company; raising the profile of health and safety so it is becoming embedded in the culture of the organization.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/leadership/casestudies-success.htm

TECHNICALLY , THE GOAL OF SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM IN WORK PLACE IS TO ESTABLISH SAFE WORK ENVIRONMENT -AN ENVIRONMENT FREE FROM HAZARD TO WORKER HEALTH AND SAFETY
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Safety and Health

Safety means preventing accidents or hazards from occuring
i.e Safety Accident

Health means a state of complete psychic, mental and social well being not merely consist of an absence of disease
i.e Health Illness
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Hazard
HAZARD condition with the potential of causing: Injury Diseases Damage to equipment or structures Loss of material or lessening of the ability to perform a prescribed function Damage to the environment Or a combination of the above

- It is something that can cause harm if not controlled

- the outcome is the harm that results from an uncontrolled hazard

When hazard is present, the possibility of these adverse effect (such as injury, diseases, damage to equipment etc) occuring exists. RISK
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Safety
Frequently defined as freedom from hazard -It is practically impossible to eliminate all hazards. -Safety is therefore a matter of relative protection from exposure to hazards (the antonym to danger)
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What is Accident?
Unwanted and undesirable Unexpected Involves a deviation from what was intended, i.e. a planned safe operation Involves injury to people and/or damage to plant and equipment or materials, including the finished product - or at least the potential for injury/damage (an event labeled a near miss accident) Involves a chain of events, rather than one isolated event

Breakdown of Accident Costs for the Industry

Product damage Plant and equipment damage Legal costs Expenditure on emergency supplies Clearing site Production delays Transportation of the injured person Loss of efficiency of gang Slower returned worker Lower morale of site team

Breakdown of Accident Costs for the Industry continue

Overtime working and use of temporary staff Recruitment of replacement staff Investigation time Supervisors time diverted Clerical effort

Fines Loss of Expertise/Experience

Cost of Accidents
The costs can be categorized into
- Direct cost - Indirect cost

Measurable Hidden Costs of Accident

Transportation
These includes the cost of emergency transportation (ambulance, taxi, site transport) at cost value, together with the cost of personnel that are necessary to get the injured person to medical facilities.

Wages paid to injured worker for time not worked

These include all the time in which the person was not doing his or her job and for which wages were paid, for example, time spent in the surgery, the remainder of the day given off, etc.

Delays
Were other site personnel affected or delayed? Was equipment or plant left idle? Were items of equipment or plant that had an impact on the project lost or destroyed? Was the total duration of the project lengthened? These costs should include all wages, hire charges and indirect supervision costs that occurred as a result of the accident.

Overtime
Was overtime necessary to prevent project delay?

Would it have been necessary had the accident not occurred? These costs should include all wages, hire charges and indirect supervision costs that occurred as a result of the accident.

Loss of Efficiency of Gang

Decreased gang efficiency can be the result of a morale problem or the reshuffling that might occur to replace an injured worker. Unless the contractor has meticulous records, this quantity will have to be estimated. The best source of information would be from the foreman or supervisor.

Replacement staff
If new personnel were hired, the costs should include:
-The administration expense of the hiring process. - Wages paid while in processing, training and during orientation.

- The replacement personnel may be less efficient than the original, thus an amount of money should be allocated to cover this. Also included should be the wages paid to the foreman or whoever is assigned to orient or train the new member or staff.

Slower Returned Member of Staff

Frequently contractors encourage staff to return to the project even though the person is partially and/or temporarily disabled, often referred to as the walking wounded. If this is the case, the person is probably working at different, less demanding job or has returned to his or her original job at a decreased efficiency.

Clean-up, Repair or Replacement and Stand-by Costs

If the accident involved only an injury and had no other effects on the project, this has no effect on the indirect costs. However, an accident frequently involves spillage, equipment damage etc. The costs can be calculated by either the wages necessary to correct the situation, the total cost of reconstructing damaged work, or from invoices received for repairs necessitated by the accident.

Rescheduling work
These include time spent by the management team, engineers, and foremen to review schedules, and the resultant cost of adjusting to the new schedule.

Wages for supervision

These include all time spent on the accident and its results:
- Caring for the operatives medical treatment - Investigating the accident - Completing forms - Disseminating information - Visiting the injured person (if done while being paid) - Planning to

prevent recurrence
- Appearance in court or meeting with HSE inspectors, unions, etc.

Costs for Safety and Clerical Personnel

Typing Investigating Forwarding forms

Court Fines and Cost of Legal Assistance

EUT440 ENGINEERS IN SOCIETY

WEEK 3. LECT 3.1 6th March 2012
COSTS OF ACCIDENT RISK MANAGEMENT - IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS AND - ROUTE OF ENTRY

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