Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
This book was created to be an explanation of geometrical tolerancing and as a desktop reference for anybody involved with creating or reading technical drawings. If you are creating technical drawings see A below. If you are reading technical drawings see B (page 10).
-^
1
iI
OsJ
1 1
1
R2
^ -
f
1 ]f
i
i
\ \ j
o T LO 1 X LD
X CM
o> 1
LO
18
^
11
rn
Figure 2.1
-0^
i
1 ^ ^
1 1
1
R2
y
-^
X
1 JL
i i i
t i
0 T LO 1 LT]
X
Datum axis
ii
o> 1 ^^
LO
18
11
LO
Figure 2.2
Step1
Refer to section 21 (the visual index, pages 173 to 193) to select a Parallelism geometrical tolerance.
T^H
PARALLELISM
Pafi96|>ar4)
:S
^r\wsiusi Step 2
hkhiiimak
PARALLELISM
v"
PigiirrrS)
SvfanttMwafc
f PARALLELISM
PagiNrarO
Stepl
SorfantedihapUM
AT
12^
PARALLELISM
PagcffrvT)
Second step, for this example you would select a Surface to datum axis from the paralleHsm choices.
PARALLELISM
l>a|iNlar4l
hkitithmmk
PARALLELISM
Piiifirvsi
stepl
PARALLELISM
PagiNrari)
SorfaatediiuipUM
PARALLELISM
^ r ^
Ditwptait
AT
Pa9i99l>ar7)
Step 3
Read the reference page number to go to next.
W^H
PARALLELISM
?^k%thr^
PARALLELISM
Pi|if7|Pv5)
Stffantodatwaidi
PARALLELISM
DahaaJi
fHZZ^
SHTfxt ti M M pbn
Step 3
^T^Mmibn
AT
PARALLELISM
PagtfirvT)
Step 4
Read the page for an explanation of your selected tolerance and how to apply it to your drawing. 3D picture
98 The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk Reference
Steps
Select the amount of tolerance required for your tolerance frame, either from your company's standards or as a guide use table 18.3 on page 63.
Table 18.3 An example of geometrical tolerance values (normal precision mechanical engineering firm) Symbol
up to 10 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.25 from 10 ^romlo" to 30 to 100 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.25 0.02 0.03 0.25 0.05 0.1 0.1 0.25 0.05 0.1
[^
1 1 1 1 Circular ran-out Coaxiality Concentricity Cylindricity
i /
@
L@_
\-^
Flatness 1 1 1 1 Parallelism Perpendicularity (Squareness) Position Profile of a line Profile of a surfece Roundness (Circularity) Straightness Total run-out Characteristic Symmetry
Fa'
0.01 0.01
\/7
iJ_
0.01
0.03
0.1
0.2
0.5
ft r\
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.05 from 120 to 400 0.5
^i^
o z/
Symbol
to 30 0.2
-E-
Step 6
Apply the geometrical tolerance and datum reference to your drawing. As shown on the drawing -|//|O.03|A|
-^
ii
J
1 1
1
R2
]f
f
]
i
i
\L/
1 1
10
ii
o LTI
-:^
X LO O
^
CSI
L.
d
11
mi^
18
rn Figure 2.3
'4
Figure 2.4
Step1
Look at the geometrical tolerance symbol.
Tolerance frame
Tolerance symbol
Datum symbol
Figure 2.5
step 2
Look for the geometrical tolerance characteristic given next to the tolerance symbol in table 4.1 (see page 18), in this example it is parallelism.
Table 4.1 Geometric characteristic symbols
Tolerance type
Symbol
/^
features to a datum)
Form
r\ o
O
^ ^
129tol33J ^<54tol41 68 to 74 93 to 102 1 103^JN44j 120 to 124 125 to 128 87 to 88 84 to 86 120 to 124 125 to 128 112toll9 142 to 147 75 to 83 148 to 151
Tolerance characteristic
Kiiy
^
r\
Ol
Tolerance symbol
^
^
*Position
Symmetry Run-out (also called Composite)
* May also not be related to a datum.
r\ c^
/
j ^
Step 3
Refer to section 21 (the visual index, pages 173 to 193) to select a Parallelism geometrical tolerance with the same characteristics as shown on the drawing that you are reading i.e. Surface to datum axis.
12^
Alb to M M aril
PARALLELISM
IMairiL
PafiNrvM
(^aNMuii^
[1
r PARALLELISM)
I'l
Page9l>ar6l
^^P^\wa*
Step 3
SirfacitodaluipUM
PARALLELISM
^T'^Ditiilaw
Pa9e9fV>v7)
Step 4
Read the reference page number to go to next.
W^
PARALLELISM
PagiNrvM
PARALLELISM
Pagi 17^51
Surfaattdahaadi
PARALLELISM
SurfKttodahapUM
Step 4
PARALLELISM
"^WmtliM
PagiMlPvTl
Steps
Read the page for an explanation of your selected tolerance. 3D picture
98 The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk Reference
Tolerance characteristic
-This information will not appear on the drawing (it is for explanation only)
Step 6
For an explanation about the datum symbol refer to pages 28 to 32. Basic explanation
I DATUW SYMBOLS 6 |
When the toleranced feature is related to k datum, a datum letter(s) is shown in th tolerance fiame. The datum is representedVn the drawing in the Mowing way: Symbol on the drawing
!
Figure 6.1 Datum symbol
Emnqile lb; When the datum is a piane or line Symbol (rnmedrawing Interpretation
r^
^
I
Interpretatior
I
tfJgas^
(NMMMiiHwMtfn
Example 4: When there is insufficient space for two dimension arrowheads Symbolanm^awing
wm
SE5S^?
Step?
For an explanation about the tolerance frame refer to pages 23 to 27.
I TOLERANCE FRAME 5 1
Basic explanation
Geometrical tolerances are placed in a rectangular frame in various forms as shown below:
\mM
Example 2: With multiple datum references Symoo^ the drawing Interpretation
l^'llAlBlcl