Coal Treatment The lignite coal is shipped from PT.

Kaltim Prima Coal in every three months with total amounts of 9,100 tons. This number comes from the calculation that we need approximaly of 100.15 tons of feed coal per day. Then, after the ship arrived at the harbor, the coal is transferred into the storage using belt conveyor. So, in other words, we will store 3,100 tons of coal for at least a month. So, there are few considerations in storing coal for such that long time, because of the risk of self-ignition caused by self-oxidation of the coal. There are :

Storage piles should be worked to prevent dead pockets of coal, a potential source of spontaneous heating. Storage of coal should be for as short duration as possible. Coal piles should not be located above sources of heat such as, steam lines or manholes. Coal should be piled in layers and compacted to reduce air within the pile.

The coal should be kept as dry as possible (sprinklers are not recommended). The piles should be constantly monitored for hot spots using temperature detection systems.

When a hot spot occurs a management strategy should be in place to remove the ignited coal. Access should be provided for firefighting at sufficient intervals on the perimeter of an enclosure.

The structure should have minimal surfaces for dust to accumulate inside the dome. For all surfaces where dust may accumulate, adequate dust removal systems should be provided.

Ignition sources should be kept to an absolute minimum. Static electricity hazards should be minimized by the appropriate grounding of all equipment. All machinery and electrical equipment inside the dome should be approved for use in hazardous locations and provided with spark-proof motors.

Provisions should be made to turn off all electrical circuits without the need for personnel to enter dust-producing locations.

A sufficient ventilation system should be provided to reduce the chance of methane (and, in case of fire, smoke) build up and for explosion venting requirements. Ventilation should be provided at the apex to take advantage of the chimney effect. The structure

should also be vented at the perimeter to reduce the damage to the structure due to blast overpressures.

For the storage itself, we decided to use spherical dome storage as our temporary storage before the coal is brought into grinder and dryer. Because we cant find the coal-dome calculation, we think it will be wise to adapted from rule of thumbs of limestones storage that we found at internet. For diameter and height calculation are based on table below :

Table. Rule of Thumbs of Ring Stockpile Dimensions (Geometrica, 2010) Capacity (tons) 13,000 21,000 34,000 55,000 89,000 Pile Diameter (meter) 64 75 89 104 122 Dome Diameter (meter) 72 83 97 113 130 Dome Height (meter) 22 25 29 34 39

Based on our feed supply, which is 9,100 tons per 3 months, then the best option for our storage is the 13,000 tons dome, with specification of : Pile Diameter : 64 meter Dome Diameter : 72 meter Dome Height : 22 meter

With specified critical design wind speed of 65m/s 10 minute mean measurement at 10m above ground (equivalent to 94m/s gust).

Figure . Spherical Dome for Coal in Taiwan (Geomatrica, 2010)

Figure. Specific Design for Spherical Dome (Geometrica, 2010)

Daftar Pustaka :
http://www.geometrica.com/en/coal-storage-domes http://articles.geometrica.com/579.html http://www.hss.energy.gov/publications/esh_bulletins/BULL0094.html