Survey of national experiences on institutional changes for sanitation

Presentation by ESCAP
Knowledge transfer and capacity building for water and sanitation services in Asia and the Pacific

17-19 February 2009

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR THE WELLBEING OF ALL

Goals of the Survey*

(*presented at the World Toilet Summit & Expo, Macao, China)

Highlight good practices and lessons learned from governments on the improvement of sanitation Promote consensus on priority issues to achieve the MDGs on sanitation Serve as input to the preparation of the SGs report on the implementation of IYS to the General Assembly at its 64th session in 2009

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR THE WELLBEING OF ALL

List of responses
No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Country Bangladesh Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Nepal Palau Philippines PNG Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Thailand Timor Leste Vanuatu Vietnam Vietnam

South & Southwest Asia: 3 Pacific Islands: 3 Southeast Asia: 7

Organization Department of Public Health Engineering Ministry of Health Ministry of Health Ministry of Health Ministry of Physical Planning and Works Ministry of Health Department of Health WHO UNICEF National Water Supply and Drainage Board Ministry of Public Health Ministry of Health Ministry of Health Ministry of Health UNICEF

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Main Outcomes

Most countries have created national coordination mechanism for sanitation (9/13) Most important driver for change in sanitation is civil society mobilization (13/15) Local governments need to be trusted not only with decision-making authority, but also with finance, rewards and incentives (all)

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Major achievements & successes

Awareness campaigns (all) Sanitation through curriculum (THA, BAN) CLTS (CAM, BAN, INA, NEP) Sustainability ECOSAN (NEP, SRI) Awards & incentives for local leadership (THA, BAN) Decentralization with funds (BAN, INA, THA)

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR THE WELLBEING OF ALL

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR THE WELLBEING OF ALL

Institutional Changes
9 of 13 countries have established a coordination mechanism for sanitation issues 6 countries have produced a strategic document or policy on sanitation 3 countries emphasized on their decentralization initiatives

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR THE WELLBEING OF ALL

Total % Legal, Policy and planning reform Strategic Document/ Policy (Legal) Integration of sanitation into existing Plan Coordination reform Coordination Group/ Committee/ Mechanism Creation of a Special Ministry Decentralization reform Decentralization initiatives Distribution of budget to local authorities Financing reform Involvement of the Ministry of Finance Local government budget matched by the central government Technological reform Quality control initiative Appropriate technology identification Public awareness promotion Awareness campaign (Household, school)

NO

Q2: Institutional Changes 23% 5

5% 41% 5% 5% 14% 5% 14% 5% 5% 18% 1 9 1

Total % 27%

NO 6

45%

10

18% 1 3 18% 1 3 9% 1 1 18% 4

4 4

2 4

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR THE WELLBEING OF ALL

Drivers of institutional reform for sanitation

Drivers Political Leadership Civil society mobilization Community-based initiative International Aid Private Sector Participation Total % 73% 87% 80% 67% 60% NO (15) 11 13 12 10 9
Create demand

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR THE WELLBEING OF ALL

Priorities for Action at the national level

Technology on sustainable, ecological solutions Building and rewarding local leaders Local government ownership Horizontal learning & knowledge sharing (all) Private sector participation Social Marketing

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR THE WELLBEING OF ALL

Priorities for International Organizations

Capacity building of governments Knowledge-sharing on community initiatives Assistance with fund-raising

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Priorities for EASAN & SACOSAN

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR THE WELLBEING OF ALL

Conclusions
Guiding Principles:
Emerging risks (Climate Change, Disasters) demand innovative solutions Affordability, sustainability (definition) & conformity to cultural practices Most important drivers of change: Institutional: Civil-society mobilization, education, local champions, decentralization & sustainability criteria

Financial: National budget lines, household contributions, microfinance & external fundraising Legal: coordinated action plans, PPP law, grass root & community law

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Conclusions
Most common MODALITY (SLOW-Moving institutions) Education, Awareness campaigns & Advocacy (100%) Pilot projects Identify cultural practices that promote or inhibit Most important POLICY reform (FAST-Moving institutions) Creation of coordination mechanism, anchor institution Include sanitation in development plans/ legal framework Lagging behind on decentralization & funds (100%) Monitoring & Evaluation reliable data

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THANK YOU!

For additional information: sokou@un.org ti.unescap@un.org

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QUESTIONS:
How else can IOs reach slow moving institutions? How can we motivate local governments incentives? What national (central) government decentralization policies have worked? Can we gain independence from donor financing? How?