2

n
xi
n
(748.0)2
2
xi i =1
62572

n
9
sample variance s 2 = i =1
=
n 1
9 1
404.89
=
= 50.61 drag counts 2
8
sample standard deviation s = 50.61 = 7.11 drag counts
Dot Diagram
.
. . . . . . .
.
---+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---drag counts
75.0
80.0
85.0
90.0
95.0
100.0

6-13.

a)

x = 65.86 F
s = 12.16 F

Dot Diagram
: :
.
.
.
. ..
.: .: . .:..: .. :: .... ..
-+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-----temp
30
40
50
60
70
80
b) Removing the smallest observation (31), the sample mean and standard deviation become
x = 66.86 F
s = 10.74 F
Section 6-2
6-14.
NOTE: The data set contains one additional measurement of 91.2 that should be included in the
book. Solutions use this additional measurement.
Stem-and-leaf display of octane rating
Leaf Unit = 0.10

= 82

83|4 represents 83.4

1
83|4
3
84|33
4
85|3
7
86|777
13
87|456789
24
88|23334556679
34
89|0233678899
(13) 90|0111344456789
36
91|00011122256688
22
92|22236777
14
93|023347
8
94|2247
4
95|
4
96|15
2
97|
2
98|8
1
99|
1 100|3

6-10

Median = 90.4, Q1 = 88.6 , and Q3 = 92.2

6-15.

Stem-and-leaf display for cycles to failure: unit = 100

1
1
5
10
22
33
(15)
22
11
5
2

1|2 represents 1200

0T|3
0F|
0S|7777
0o|88899
1*|000000011111
1T|22222223333
1F|444445555555555
1S|66667777777
1o|888899
2*|011
2T|22

Median = 1436.5, Q1 = 1097.8, and Q3 = 1735.0

No, only 5 out of 70 coupons survived beyond 2000 cycles.
6-16.

Stem-and-leaf display of percentage of cotton N = 64

Leaf Unit = 0.10
32|1 represents 32.1%
1
6
9
17
24
(14)
26
17
12
9
5
3

32|1
32|56789
33|114
33|56666688
34|0111223
34|55666667777779
35|001112344
35|56789
36|234
36|6888
37|13
37|689

Median = 34.7, Q1 = 33.800 , and Q3 = 35.575

6-17.

Stem-and-leaf display for Problem 2-4.yield: unit = 1

1
1
7
21
38
(11)
41
27
19
7
1

1|2 represents 12

7o|8
8*|
8T|223333
8F|44444444555555
8S|66666666667777777
8o|88888999999
9*|00000000001111
9T|22233333
9F|444444445555
9S|666677
9o|8

Median = 89.250, Q1 = 86.100, and Q3 = 93.125

6-18.

The data in the 42nd is 90.4 which is median.

The mode is the most frequently occurring data value. There are several data values that occur 3
times. These are: 86.7, 88.3, 90.1, 90.4, 91, 91.1, 91.2, 92.2, and 92.7, so this data set has a
multimodal distribution.

6-11

Sample mean: x =
6-19.
Sample median is at

x
i =1

7514.3
= 90.534
83

(70 + 1) = 35.5th , the median is 1436.5.

2

Modes are 1102, 1315, and 1750 which are the most frequent data.
n

Sample mean: x =
6-20.
Sample median is at

x
i =1

98259
= 1403.7
70

(64 + 1) = 32.5th
2

The 32nd is 34.7 and the 33rd is 34.7, so the median is 34.7.

Mode is 34.7 which is the most frequent data.

n

Sample mean: x =

x
i =1

2227.1
= 34.798
64

6-21.
Stem-and-leaf of Billion of kilowatt hours
Leaf Unit = 100
(18)
5
3
2
2
1
1
1
1

0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

000000000000000111
23
5
9

Sample median is at 12th = 38.43.

n

Sample mean: x =

x
i =1

4398.8
= 191.0
23

Sample variance: s2 = 150673.8

Sample standard deviation: s = 388.2

6-12

= 23

6-22.

x = 65.811 inches, standard deviation s = 2.106 inches, and sample median:

~
x = 66.000 inches

sample mean:

Stem-and-leaf display of female engineering student heights

Leaf Unit = 0.10 61|0 represents 61.0 inches
1
3
5
9
17
(4)
16
8
3
1

6-23.

N = 37

61|0
62|00
63|00
64|0000
65|00000000
66|0000
67|00000000
68|00000
69|00
70|0

Stem-and-leaf display for Problem 6-23. Strength: unit = 1.0 1|2 represents 12
1
1
2
4
5
9
20
26
37
46
(13)
41
33
22
13
8
5

532|9
533|
534|2
535|47
536|6
537|5678
538|12345778888
539|016999
540|11166677889
541|123666688
542|0011222357899
543|011112556
544|00012455678
545|2334457899
546|23569
547|357
548|11257

i 0 .5
100 = 95 i = 95.5 95 th percentile is 5479
100
6-24.

Stem-and-leaf of concentration, N = 60, Leaf Unit = 1.0, 2|9 represents 29

Note: Minitab has dropped the value to the right of the decimal to make this display.
1
2
3
8
12
20
(13)
27
22
13
7
3
1

2|9
3|1
3|9
4|22223
4|5689
5|01223444
5|5666777899999
6|11244
6|556677789
7|022333
7|6777
8|01
8|9

The data have a symmetrical bell-shaped distribution, and therefore may be normally distributed.

6-13

Sample Mean x =

x
i =1

3592.0
= 59.87
60

Sample Standard Deviation

60

x
i =1

60

= 3592 .0

and

x
i =1

2
i

= 224257

xi
n
(3592 .0 )2
x i2 i =1
224257

9215 .93
n
60
s 2 = i =1
=
=
n 1
60 1
59
= 156 .20
and
s = 156 .20 = 12 .50
Sample Median
Variable
concentration

~
x = 59.45
N
60

Median
59.45

i 0 .5
100 = 90 i = 54.5 90 th percentile is 76.85
60

6-14

6-25.

Stem-and-leaf display for Problem 6-25. Yard: unit = 1.0

Note: Minitab has dropped the value to the right of the decimal to make this display.

1
5
8
16
20
33
46
(15)
39
31
12
4
1

22 | 6
23 | 2334
23 | 677
24 | 00112444
24 | 5578
25 | 0111122334444
25 | 5555556677899
26 | 000011123334444
26 | 56677888
27 | 0000112222233333444
27 | 66788999
28 | 003
28 | 5
100

Sample Mean x =

x
i =1

x
i =1

100

26030 .2
= 260 .3 yards
100

Sample Standard Deviation

100

100

x i = 26030 .2

and

i =1

x
i =1

2
i

= 6793512

xi
n
2
i =1
( (26030 .2 )
2

x
6793512
i
17798 .42
n
100
s 2 = i =1
=
=
n 1
100 1
99
2
= 179 .782 yards
and
s = 179 .782 = 13 .41 yards

Sample Median
Variable
yards

N
100

Median
260.85

i 0 .5
100 = 90 i = 90.5 90 th percentile is 277.2
100

6-15

6-26.

Stem-and-leaf of speed (in megahertz) N = 120

Leaf Unit = 1.0 63|4 represents 634 megahertz
2
7
16
35
48
(17)
55
36
24
17
5
3
1
1

63|47
64|24899
65|223566899
66|0000001233455788899
67|0022455567899
68|00001111233333458
69|0000112345555677889
70|011223444556
71|0057889
72|000012234447
73|59
74|68
75|
76|3

35/120= 29% exceed 700 megahertz.

120

Sample Mean x =

x
i =1

120

82413
= 686.78 mhz
120

Sample Standard Deviation

120

120

xi = 82413

and

i =1

x
i =1

2
i

= 56677591

xi
n
2
i =1
(
82413 )
2
x

56677591
i
78402 .925
n
120
s 2 = i =1
=
=
n 1
120 1
119
2
= 658 .85 mhz
and
s = 658 .85 = 25 .67 mhz
Sample Median
Variable
speed

~
x = 683.0 mhz
N
120

Median
683.00

6-16

6-27

Stem-and-leaf display of Problem 6-27. Rating: unit = 0.10 1|2 represents 1.2
1
2
5
7
9
12
18
(7)
15
8
4
3
2

83|0
84|0
85|000
86|00
87|00
88|000
89|000000
90|0000000
91|0000000
92|0000
93|0
94|0
95|00

Sample Mean
40

x =

x
i =1

x
i =1

40

3578
= 89 . 45
40

Sample Standard Deviation

40

x
i =1

40

= 3578

and

i =1

2
i

= 320366

xi
n
(3578 )2
x i2 i =1
320366

313 .9
n
40
s 2 = i =1
=
=
n 1
40 1
39
= 8 .05
and
s = 8 .05 = 2 .8
Sample Median
Variable
rating

N
40

Median
90.000

22/40 or 55% of the taste testers considered this particular Pinot Noir truly exceptional.

6-17

6-28.

Stem-and-leaf diagram of NbOCl3 N = 27

Leaf Unit = 100
0|4 represents 40 gram-mole/liter x 10-3
6
7
(9)
11
7
7
3

0|444444
0|5
1|001122233
1|5679
2|
2|5677
3|124
27

Sample mean x =

x
i =1

27

41553
= 1539 gram mole/liter x10 3
27

Sample Standard Deviation

27

x
i =1

27

= 41553

and

i =1

2
i

=87792869

xi
n
(41553 )2
x i2 i =1
87792869

23842802
n
27
s 2 = i =1
=
=
n 1
26
27 1
-3
and s = 917030 .85 = 957 .62 gram - mole/liter x 10

~
Sample Median x = 1256
Variable
NbOCl3

6-29.

= 917030 .85

gram mole/liter x10 3

N
40

Median
1256

Stem-and-leaf display for Problem 6-29. Height: unit = 0.10

1|2 represents 1.2

Female Students| Male Students

0|61
1
00|62
3
00|63
5
0000|64
9
00000000|65 17
2
65|00
0000|66 (4)
3
66|0
00000000|67 16
7
67|0000
00000|68
8
17
68|0000000000
00|69
3
(15) 69|000000000000000
0|70
1
18
70|0000000
11
71|00000
6
72|00
4
73|00
2 74|0
1
75|0

The male engineering students are taller than the female engineering students. Also there is a
slightly wider range in the heights of the male students.

Section 6-3

6-18