SULIT 4551 Biology Skema Pemarkahan 2012

MAJLIS PENGETUA SEKOLAH MENENGAH MALAYSIA CAWANGAN NEGERI SEMBILAN ================================== PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN BERSAMA SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2012

BIOLOGY SKEMA PEMARKAHAN

MARKING SCHEMES BIOLOGY 2012 BIOLOGY PAPER 1 BIOLOGY PAPER 2 BIOLOGY PAPER 3

4551 2012 Hak Cipta MPSM Negeri Sembilan

[Lihat halaman sebelah SULIT 1

PAPER ONE No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Answer D B A C B A B D A A A A B A D C D B B A B D A D C No 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Answer C B C B D A D C D A A C C B D C A B A A D C A C C

PAPER TWO SECTIONA

ITEM NO 1(a)(i)

SCORING CRITERIA A : Epidermal cells // epidermis B : Palisade mesophyll cells C : Guard cells

MARKS 1 1 1

REMARKS

(a)(ii) (c)

To control the size of stoma // To control the opening and closing of the stoma Cell B / Palisade mesophyll cells Arranged packed tightly together Have high density of chloroplasts Rectangular shape Spongy mesophyll cells Arranged loosely Have less density of chloroplasts Spherical / round shape

1 1 2

(d) (i)

P1:Xylem transport water / dissolved mineral salt from root to all part of the plant P2: Phloem transport glucose / organic substances from leaves to all part of the plant

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2

(d) (ii)

P1 : During night, photosynthesis stop. P2 : Potassium ions diffuse out of the guard cells P3 : The guard cells become hypotonic to the epidermal cells P4 : water diffuse out via osmosis from the guards cells (to the adjacent cells). P5 : The guard cells become flaccid and closes. TOTAL

12

ITEM SCORING CRITERIA NO 2 (a) X = Interphase Y = M phase/mitotic phase (b) P1 : P is growth phase 1 /G1 P2 : Protein / new (cytoplamic) organelles are synthesized (c) (d) To reproduce asexually Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (ProMAT)

MARKS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2

REMARKS

All 4 must be correct sequences

(e)(i) P1 : Vesicles formed at the centre of the cell P2 : The vesicles fuse to form a cell plate P3 : The cell plate fuse to form new cell wall and plasma membrane (e)(ii) Stage T in plant cell formed a cell plate but the animal cell formed a cleavage furrow during stage T // cleavage furrow pinches inward for animal cells whereas cell plate in plant cells grow outward (f) P1 : Too much exposure to ultraviolet rays in the sunlight // Too much exposure to carcinogenic substances P2 : Damages the DNA of the cell and P3: Causes / Lead to uncontrolled mitosis P4 : The person will get cancer /tumour TOTAL

Any 2

1 1 1 3

12

ITEM NO 3(a) (i) (a) (ii) (b)(i)

SCORING CRITERIA P = Liver Q = Pancreas P1 : P/ Liver produces bile P2 : To emulsify fat/lipid into tiny droplets Class of food Enzyme Products of enzyme digestion Maltose Polypeptides Fatty acids and glyserol

MARKS 1 1 1 1 2 2

REMARKS

Starch Protein Lipids

Amylase Pepsin Lipase

1 1 1 3 F and E = 1M 1

(c)

F1 : The small intestine has numerous villi / microvilli //Small intestine is very long E1 : To increase total surface area for absorption of nutrients / digested food F2 : The wall of the small intestine/vilus is covered with epithelial cells which are one cell thick E2 : The absorption of digested food will be faster /easier F3 : Large network of blood capillary/lacteal inside the vilus E3 : To transport more digested food

1 1 1 1 1 3

(d)

P1. Jogging/Exercise/ Aerobic/ Any physical activities P2. Reduces food rich in fat/Eg. P3. Reduces food rich in sugar/carbohydrate P4. Eat more fruit/vegetables

Any 3

TOTAL

12

ITEM NO 4(a) (i) (a) (ii) (b)(i)

SCORING CRITERIA X = Menstruation The thickness of endometrium tissue is decreasing

Thickness of the endometrium Fertilisation

MARKS 1 1 1 1

REMARKS Reject : Menstrual cycle

First month

Second month

Third month

(b)(ii)

(c)(i)

P1: (After fertilisation) Corpus luteum does not disintergrate P2:Corpus luteum continue to secrete progesterone P3: The thickness of the endometrium tissue is maintain Parent Mrs A/ Female Mr A/ Male Parent genotype Gamete: (44 +XX) x (44 + XY)

1 1 1

Any 2

(22 + X ) (22 + X )

(22 + X ) (22 + Y )

Offspring (44 +XX) (44 +XY) (44 +XX) (44 +XY) Genotype Offspring Female Male Female Male Phenotype 6

1 1 4

(c)(ii)

P1:One sperm fertilises one ovum to produce one/single zygote P2:zygote undergoes mitosis (repeatedly) to form an embryo P3:the embryo divides completely to form two embryos P4:the embryos develop to form two identical individuals TOTAL

1 1 1 1 3 12 Any 3

ITEM NO 5(a)

SCORING CRITERIA Individual A Individual B Continuou s variation Discontinuous variation

MARKS

REMARKS

/ / /
b) Variation is the differences between organisms of the same species

(c)

For organisms to adapt to the surrounding // For survival of the organisms // To camouflage from predators//

(d)

(e)(i)

One individual to be distinguished from others Continuous Discontinuous variation variation P1 It exhibits It exhibits a few distinct phenotypes phenotypes with no with intermediate intermediate characteristics characteristics P2 The phenotype is The phenotype is influenced by the influenced by the genetic environment and composition only and genetic not composition/ influenced by the nutrition /exercise environment/ nutrition / exercise P3 It is controlled by It is controlled by one two or more gene/ a pair of alleles. genes /many pairs of alleles P4 The( frequency) The( frequency) graph graph shows a discrete shows a normal distribution distribution P1 : Individual P has 3 chromosome at chromosome number 21 but Individual Q has 2 chromosomes at chromosome number 21 P2 : Individual P has sex chromosome X and Y but Individual Q has two X chromosome.

Any 1

Any 2

1 1 1 1

(e)(ii)

P1 : During meiosis (1 at anaphase 1), the homologous chromosome number 21 failed to segregate/ separate P2 : Produce gamete with 24 chromosome P3: The abnormal gamete fuse with the normal gamete to produce a Down s syndrome offspring/extra one 21 chromosome TOTAL

12

SECTION B
ITEM NO SCORING CRITERIA MARKS REMARKS

6a

Able to explain how during vigorous activity the body regulates the content of carbon dioxide in the blood P1- During vigorous activity, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide increases as a result of active cellular respiration P2- the carbon dioxide react with water(in blood plasma) to form carbonic acid P3- which results in a drop in the pH level of the blood (and tissue fluid bathing the brain) P4- The drop in pH is detected by the (central) chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata P5- and detected by peripheral chemoreceptors // carotid bodies and aortic bodies P6-The central chemoreceptors and pheripheral receptors send nerve impulses to the respiratory centre in the medulla oblongata P7- The respiratory centre sends nerve impulses to the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles, P8 -causing the respiratory muscles to contract and relax faster P9- As a result, the breathing and ventilation rate increase P10- Thus excess carbon dioxide is eliminated from the body, (the oxygen concentration return to the normal level, )/the carbon dioxide concentration / pH value of the blood return to normal level

1 1 1 1 1

1 1

Any 8

ITEM NO

SCORING CRITERIA

MARKS

REMARKS

6b

Students are able to explain why the pulse rate takes several minute to return normal P1- During the activity the oxygen intake is not able to meet the oxygen demand of the body. P2- Respiration has to take place anaerobically // anaerobic respiration occur P3- As a result, lactic acid accumulates in the muscle. P4- The pulse rate is high for several minutes to supply oxygen to oxidize lactic acid (repaying oxygen debt) P5 Once all the lactic acid is oxidized, the pulse rate returns to Normal Students are able to explain the aerobic and anaerobic respiration F1-Anaerobic respiration process occur in paddy seedlings P1 -involves the break down of glucose in the absence of Oxygen / in a limited supply of oxygen to release energy P2 -Oxidation of glucose is incomplete / 2 molecules of ATP are produced P3 -The by-products are ethanol , energy and carbon dioxide F2-Teresterial Plant carries out aerobic respiration aerobically in diagram 6.3a P4- Aerobic respiration process involves the (complete) oxidation of glucose in the presence of oxygen to release energy P5- In a waterlogged condition // less amount of dissolve oxygen is available 1 1 1 1 1 Any 4

6c

1 1

1 1 4 1

10

ITEM NO

SCORING CRITERIA

MARKS

REMARKS

P6- The roots of terrestrial plants respire anaerobically P7-Terrestrial plants are unable to carry out anaerobic respiration for a long term P8 causing the plants to wilt/ die TOTAL

1 1 1 Any 4 20

ITEM NO

SCORING CRITERIA

MARKS

REMARKS

11

7(a) 1 2 3 4 Blood circulatory system Capillaries are not blind-ended. Arteries do not have valves but veins have valves. No (lymph) nodes present. Direction of flow is both towards the heart and away from the heart. Lymphatic system Lymph capillaries are blind ended. All lymph vessels have valves. Lymph nodes present. Direction of flow is always towards the heart. 1 1 1 1 4

Do not accept answers that describes differences in blood and lymph contents

(b)

P : Sinoartrial node (SA node) Q: Atrioventricular node (AV node) R: Bundle of His fibres S: Purkinje fibres

1 1 1 1

4 = 2 marks 2-3= 1 mark 1 = 0 marks

F1 : P generates electrical impulses which spread rapidly over the walls of both atrium causing both atrium to contract F2: From P/ SA node, the impulse reaches Q / atrioventricular node (AV node) F3: From Q, impulse is conducted through R / bundle of His fibres and to the apex of the heart F4: Impulses move along the walls of the ventricles through S (the Purkinje fibre) causing the ventricles to contract. Explanation: F1 : R has (no Hepatitis A antigen and) no antibodies against Hepatitis A E1 : R is not infected by the virus / has never got infected by the disease F2 : S has (no Hepatitis A antigen but has) antibodies against Hepatitis A. E2 : S had been infected with the disease and recovered / S has been vaccinated against Hepatitis A E3 : Therefore, Ss immune system has produced antibodies against the disease Discussion: F1 : Ss level of antibody against Hepatitis A in the blood is above the immunity level E1 : S need not be immunised because he has acquired natural active immunity / artificial active immunity E2 : Thus, S has immunity against future Hepatitis A infections 12 F2 : R does not have any antibody, so need to be immunised against the disease by vaccination.

(c)

1 1 1 1 1 5 Explanation 5 marks

1 1 1 1 Max 5 Discussion 5 marks

ITEM NO

SCORING CRITERIA

MARKS

REMARKS

13

P1 - receptor is stimulated by the stimulus / the sight of the dog and generates impulse P2 -impulse is transmitted ( along dendrites to cell body ) /P/Afferent neurone / sensory neurone P3 - (the impulse is ) transmitted to the Interneurone / Q in the spinal cord P4 The impulse is then transmitted to R/ efferent neurone / motor neurone P5 R transmits the impulse to the effector / muscles P6 - impulse is generated in the muscle fibre, /effector causing it to contract P7 Allow the man to run / fight the dog

1 1

1 1 1 1 Any 6

Role of endocrine system and nervous system in regulation of body temperature: Role of endocrine system: P1-When the body temperature increase / higher than normal / 37C P2 Thyroid gland /Adrenal gland secretes less thyroxine / adrenaline ( hormone) P3 Decreases the metabolic rate ,( Less generation of heat in the body / P4 - decrease the body temperature back to normal 1 1 1 1 4

OR P1-When the body temperature decrease / below Normal/37C P2 Thyroid gland /Adrenal gland secretes more thyroxine / adrenaline ( hormone) P3 increases the metabolic rate , (thus increases the generation of heat in the body) 14 P4 thus increases the body temperature back to normal 37 C

1 1 1 1

ITEM NO

SCORING CRITERIA

MARKS

REMARKS

9a

F1 Air pollution P1 exhaust fumes from vehicles contain soot / lead /carbon monoxide/ oxides of nitrogen/ hydrocarbons P2 Burning of fossil fuels in the combustion engine the factories release large amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere F2 Noise pollution P3 Caused by machine for logging activities /noise from moving vehicles F3 Thermal pollution P4 Glass buildings reflect and trap heat forming heat islands / increase in surrounding temperature P5- Hot water discharge from the factories into the river Nearby (increases the temperature in the rivers, thus reducing oxygen content in the water) F4 Water pollution P6- Caused by discharge of factory waste such as heavy metal /lead/ mercury P7 Logging activities cause the soil to loosen and flow into the river P8 Soil /sediments are deposited in the river

1 1 1

1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1 1 Any 10

9b

The effects of global warming to the environment P1 Increases the earths temperature P2 The polar ice caps melt P3 Rises in sea levels P4 Changes causes floods in low-lying areas P5- Changes the weather pattern/ Change the wind direction Ways to overcome the global warming F1: Environmental education 1 4 1 1 1

15

E1: emphasis on 3R concepts: Reduce, Recycle, Reuse / Renew // education can be done formally or informally to create awareness to the public about conservation of nature F2: Changes/ Enforcement of laws E2 : such as Environmental Act, Factory Act to coordinate waste disposal activities // imposing maximum fine to factory operators that release excessive smoke into the atmosphere F3: The use of technology to reduce pollution/ emission of greenhouse gases E3: the smoke chimney is raised// there is filter in chimneys/vehicle exhaust pipes to decrease the release of greenhouse gases/CO2 into the atmosphere// use cleaner sources of energy eg solar/ wind/ wave F4: Preservation and conservation E4 : protect forests/ swamps//reduce deforestation. (There is less carbon dioxide in the atmosphere because of existence of trees) F5: Plant more trees E5: to absorb more carbon dioxide F6 : Alternative waste disposal E6 : Avoid open burning/ Use incinerators/ bury biodegradeable waste TOTAL
PAPER 3 Question 1 1 (a) KB0603 - Measuring and using number Score Criteria 3 All data is correct.

1 1

Choose any 3 pairs of F +E

1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

max 6 20

Remarks

16

2 1 0

3 data correct 1-2 data correct No response// wrong response

1 (b) (i) KB0601 Observation Score Criteria 3 Able to state any two observations correctly // Fulfil all criteria : 1. When the student drinks 0.1% salt solution, the volume of urine produced is 36.4 ml. 2. When the student drinks 0.5% salt solution, the volume of urine produced is 25.6 ml. 3. When the student drinks 1.0% salt solution, the volume of urine produced is 20ml. 4. When the student drinks 1.5% of salt solution, the volume of urine produced is 16.6 ml. 5. When the student drinks 0.1% salt solution, the volume of urine produced is the most. 6. When the student drinks 1.5% of salt solution, the volume of urine produced is the least. 2 Able to state any one observation correctly // state any two observations but inaccurate, 1. When the student drinks 0.1% salt solution, the volume of urine produced is more. 2. When the student drinks 1.5% of salt solution, the volume of urine produced is less When the student drinks a higher concentration of salt solution, the volume of urine produced is 16.6ml 1 Able to state ideas of observation 1. The volume of urine produced depends on / is influenced by the concentration of salt solution 2. Different concentration of salt solution produce different volume of urine 0 No response / wrong response

Remarks / Criteria Accept : Any suitable answer Concentration of salt solution (mv) Volume of urine produced (rv) Value of mv and rv

Any two criteria only

Only one criteria / idea only

1(b) (ii) KB0604 Making inference Score Criteria 3 Able to state any two inferences correctly. For observation 1, 2, 5. Less salt in the blood/ blood osmotic pressure decreases, thus water reabsorbed at the kidney (tubule) is less. For observation 3, 4, 6. More salt in the blood/ blood osmotic pressure increases, thus water is reabsorbed at the kidney (tubule) is more

Remarks

17

Able to state any one inference correctly // state any two inferences but inaccurate. 1. At low concentration of salt solution, the student produces the most urine because less water is reabsorbed (into the blood capillary in the kidney) 2. At high concentration of salt solution, student produces the least urine because more water is reabsorbed (into blood capillary in the kidney) Able to state idea of inference. No response / wrong response// only one idea

1 0

1 ( c) KB0610 Controlling variables Score Criteria Suggested answer How to operate variables Manipulated Method of changing the manipulated variable: variable: Concentration of salt Use different concentration of salt solution solution of 0.1% , 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5 % Responding variable: Volume of urine produced Constant variable : Volume of salt solution drunk Determine what to observe in the responding variable: Measure and record the volume of urine produced by using a measuring cylinder Method to fix the constant variable: Fix/Maintain the volume of salt solution drunk at 250ml

Remarks

verb mv

verb rv apparatus verb(fix) cv value

3 2 1 0

6 correct 5-4 correct 3-2 correct No response // wrong response // only one correct

1 (d) KB0611 Stating the hypothesis Score Criteria 3 Able to state the hypothesis correctly. 1. The higher the concentration of salt solution, the lower the volume of urine produced. 2. When the concentration of salt solution increases,

Remarks Criteria rv mv

18

the volume of urine produced decreases

2 1

Able to state the hypothesis inaccurately. Concentration of salt solution, increases/decreases volume of urine produced Able to state the idea of hypothesis. 1. If the concentration of salt solution is different, the volume of urine produced is different 2. The concentration of salt solution affect/depend the volume of urine produced No response / wrong response

relationship between mv and rv Any two criteria

Idea only

1(e) (i) Table Score Able to construct a table and record the result of the experiment with the following criteria: K1 - state all titles with units correctly K2 transfer all data correctly K3 correct calculation 3 Concentration of salt solution (%) 0.1 0.5 1.0 1.5 Volume of urine produced (ml) 36.4 25.6 20.0 16.6 Percentage of urine produced (%) 14.6 10.2 8.0 6.6

2 1 0

Able to construct a table and record any two criteria Able to construct a table and record any one criteria No response / wrong response

1 (e) (ii) KB0606 Communications Score Criteria 3 Bar chart : refer to page 18 Able to draw a graph according to all 3 criteria. Criteria: P - axis with the correct units T - correct data G - smooth graph / free hand drawing 2 1 0 Able to draw a graph based on two criteria. Able to draw a graph based on one criteria. No response / wrong response

Remarks The graph is drawn according to students results in e(i), even if the answer in e( i )is wrong

1 (f) KB0608 Interpretation of data Score

Criteria

Remarks

19

Able to explain the relationship between the concentration of salt solution drunk and the percentage of urine produced

The higher the concentration of salt solution drunk, the lower the
percentage of urine produced

The blood osmotic pressure increase

causing more water to be reabsorbed at the kidney (tubule) (Accept any other correct relationships)

Criteria Relate the concentration of salt solution drunk with the volume of urine produced Explanation using -blood osmotic pressure - water reabsorbed into collecting tubule of kidney / blood capillary

2 1 0

Able to interpret data accurately but with no explanation Able to state the idea No response / wrong response

1 (g) KB0609 - Operational definition Score Criteria Able to state the operational definition correctly. 3 Osmoregulation is the process of maintaining the water content of the blood / the blood osmotic pressure of the student by producing different volumes of urine when salt solution of different concentrations is drunk. 2 Able to state operational definition inaccurately.

Remarks Measurable rv mv

No mv Osmoregulation is a process that produces different volumes of urine 1 Able to state the idea. Theory Osmoregulation is a process that produces urine

20

No response // wrong response

1 (h) KB0609 Prediction Score Criteria Able to predict correctly with explanation. 3 volume of urine produced is more than 36.4 ml blood osmotic pressure decreases causing less water to be reabsorbed at the kidney 2 1 Able to state any two criteria correctly. Able to state the idea

Remarks Prediction with value (1 mark) Explanation (2 marks) No value in prediction Prediction only

20

0 No response / wrong response 1 (i) KB0602- Classification Score Criteria Able to classify all materials and apparatus correctly. Materials Bahan Beaker Measuring cylinder Stopwatch Drinking cup Apparatus Radas Distilled water Salt solution

Remarks 6 = 3m 4-5 = 2m 1-3 = 1 m

18

16 X 14
0
Percentage of urine produced (%)

No response // wrong response

12 XThe percentage of urine produced against the concentration of salt solution drunk by the student X X

10

2 21 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0

Concentration of salt solution drunk by the student (%)

Question 2: Problem Statement Score Criteria 3 Able to state the problem statement correctly with all criteria: Manipulated variable pH (of the medium) Responding variable population growth / number of Lemna sp. Relationship in question form with question symbol [?] Sample answers: 1. Does pH affect the population growth / number of Lemna sp.? 2. What is the effect of pH on the population growth / number of Lemna sp.? 2 Able to state the problem statement with two criteria.

Remarks Criteria Mv Rv Rel ationship in question form with question marks

No question marks

22

1 0

Able to state the problem statement with one criteria or idea No response / wrong response

Hypothesis Score Criteria 3 Able to state the hypothesis correctly according to the criteria Manipulated variable Responding variable Relationship between mv and rv Sample answers: 1. pH 7/ neutral medium is the most suitable for the population growth/ number of Lemna sp. compared to pH 5/acidic medium and pH 9/alkaline medium. 2. The population growth / number of Lemna sp. is the highest in pH 7/neutral medium compared to pH 5/acidic medium and pH 9 / alkaline medium. 3. pH7 / neutral medium most suitable for the population growth/ number of Lemna sp. Able to state the hypothesis with two criteria Sample answers: 1. pH is suitable for the increase in population / growth / number of Lemna sp. 2. Neutral medium / pH 7 is most suitable for the population / number of Lemna sp. Able to state the idea of the hypothesis. Sample answers: 1. pH affects the population of Lemna sp. 2. Population of Lemna sp. depend on pH No response / wrong response Criteria Able to state the three variables correctly Sample answers: Manipulated variable: pH (of medium) // pH 5, pH 7 and pH 9 //acidic medium, neutral medium and alkaline medium Responding variable : The population growth / number of Lemna sp. Constant variable : Plant species // volume of medium used / concentration of nutrients / temperature / light intensity / time for counting the population growth /initial number of Lemna sp. Able to state any two variables correctly Able to state any one variable correctly No response / wrong response

Remarks Criteria Mv Rv Rel ationship of mv and rv

1. No value for mv 2. No value of rv

No value for mv or rv

0 Variables: Score 3

Remarks

Choose any one for cv

2 1 0

23

Materials and Apparatus Score Criteria 3 Able to state all functional materials / 5*materials + 3*apparatus for the experiment. Materials: *Lemna sp., *distilled water , dilute hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide solution, Knops solution . Apparatus: *Beaker // petri dish // container, measuring cylinder, pH paper / meter. 2 Able to state all functional materials / 5*materials + 2*apparatus for the experiment. Materials: *Lemna sp., *neutral medium , acidic medium, alkaline medium, Knops solution . Apparatus: *Beaker // petri dish // container, pH paper / meter. Able to state all functional materials / 5*materials + 1*apparatus for the experiment. No response / wrong response

Remarks Functional materials are underlined

1 0

Procedure: Score 3

Criteria Able to state five procedures P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 correctly. P1: How to set up the apparatus (5P1) P2: How to operate the constant variable (1P2) P3: How to operate the manipulated variable (1P3) P4: How to operate the responding variable (2P4) P5: Precaution / Accuracy (1P5) Able to state three or four of any procedures: P1 / P2 / P3 / P4 / P5 correctly

Remarks

1 0

Able to state two of any procedures : P1/ P2/ P3/ P4/ P5 correctly Able to state one of any procedures P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 correctly No response / wrong response

Sample answer:

24

1. Choose Lemna sp. of the same size.

P1 P2 P2

2. Choose // take three petri dishes of the same size.

P1 P2 3. Label the petri dishes as A, B and C. P1 4. Pour 5 ml of distilled water into petri dish A, 5 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid into P1 P2 P3 P2 P5 P3 petri dish B and 5 ml of dilute sodium hydroxide solution into petri dish C. P2 P5 P3 5. Test the pH value of each solution using pH paper (and record in a table). P3 P1 6. Pour 5 ml of Knops solution into each petri dish. P1 P2 P2 7. Put 5 Lemna sp. into each petri dish. P1 P2 8. Record in a table. P1 9. Place the petri dishes on the table / near the window in the laboratory. P1 P2 10. Count the number of Lemna sp. after 5 days. P4 P2 11. Calculate the population growth rate of Lemna sp. by using the formula P4 Population growth rate = Final number of Lemna sp. Initial number of Lemna sp. 5 days

P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P1 P2 P3 P5 P1 P3 P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P1 P2 P1 P1

12. Repeat the experiment / steps 1 until 11 to get the average result.
P5

13. Observe and record the result.

P4 Data: Score 2 P4 Criteria Able to construct the correct table with titles and units based on three criteria.

P1,P2, P4 P5

Sample answers: pH (of medium) Neutral/pH7 Acidic/pH5 Alkali/pH9

1 0 Note: Able to construct the correct table with any two criteria. No response / wrong response

Number of Lemna sp. Initial Final Difference

The population growth rate of Lemna sp. (number / day)

25

1. Accept any other functional experiments. 2. Please take note that variable and data will vary according to that functional experiment.

26