The Effectiveness of Music Therapy in Helping the Students More Concentrated while Studying INTRODUCTION Music is an art form

whose medium is sound and silence. Its common elements are pitch (which governs melody and harmony),rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture. The word derives from Greek (mousike; "art of the Muses"). The creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context. Music ranges from strictly organized compositions (and their recreation in performance), through improvisational music to aleatoric forms. Music can be divided into genres and subgenres, although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle, sometimes open to individual interpretation, and occasionally controversial. Within "the arts", music may be classified as aperforming art, a fine art, and auditory art. It may also be divided among "art music" and "folk music". There is also a strong connection between music and mathematics.] Music may be played and heard live, may be part of a dramatic work or film, or may be recorded. To many people in many cultures, music is an important part of their way of life. Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies. Common sayings such as "the harmony of the spheres" and "it is music to my ears" point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to. However, 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be

music, saying, for example, "There is no noise, only sound." Musicologist Jean-Jacques Nattiez summarizes the relativist, post-modern viewpoint: "The border between music and noise is always culturally definedwhich implies that, even within a single society, this border does not always pass through the same place; in short, there is rarely a consensus ... By all accounts there is no single and intercultural universal concept defining what music might be."

REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Music Moves Brain To Pay Attention, Study Finds Using brain images of people listening to short symphonies by an obscure 18th-century composer, a research team from the Stanford University School of Medicine has gained valuable insight into how the brain sorts out the chaotic world around it. The research team showed that music engages the areas of the brain involved with paying attention, making predictions and updating the event in memory. Peak brain activity occurred during a short period of silence between musical movements - when seemingly nothing was happening. (http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/08/070801122226.htm)

Experiential learning takes its roots from the highly influential work of John Dewey. Dewey (1938) believed that there is an intimate, a necessary relation between the process of actual experience and education (p. 20). He considered educational experiences to be moving forces that awaken curiosity, strengthen intuition, and set up desires and purposes (p. 38). His educational philosophy was based on the use of meaningful life-experiences that encourage the learner to interact with his/her environment. His philosophy suggests that both cognitive and affective learning

experiences are necessary to the education process. Since that time several authors from various fields have supported and further developed Deweys notions of experiential learning in the training of mental health professionals (e.g. Enns, 1994; Epstein, 1994). In fact, there is general agreement across disciplines that educational programs for future therapists should include both didactic and experiential components because learning involves both cognitive and affective processes (Dudley, Gilroy & Skaife, 1998). In this way, learning is based on active personal experience with theoretical concepts (Duhl, 1983). It is through active participation in a learning process that students acquire skills, develop an understanding of the therapeutic process, develop interpersonal skills, and increase their self-knowledge. Additionally, experiential learning encourages students to recognize and reflect upon their interpersonal style and to identify areas which need to be developed (Hall, Hall & Abaci, 1997 p. 484). http://www.barcelonapublishers.com/QIMTV3/QIMT20073(2)Murphy.pdf

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1.) How does the music therapy help us concentrate in studying? 2.) What does music therapy do to our brain? 3.) How many people believes that music therapy helps us concentrate in studying?