Source: http://www.advancedplacementhistory.com/US%20notes%201789-1840.

htm ; ; ; Baby Steps for Federal Government

I. Overthrow in 1790 1790- about 4 million people- population doubles every 25 years 90% lived on farms New states Vermont- 1791 Kentucky- 1792 Ohio- 1803 Hugely in debt- mainly from war States are left on their own to pay their own debts II George Washington First president (1788-1796) Ran against no one Hes a Federalist He created the first cabinet War State- Jefferson Treasury- Hamilton Attorney General departments

only president to lead troops into battle Whiskey Rebellion-1794 Farmers near the Appalachians discover how to make whisk ey Govt wants to place a tax on whiskey for money Farmers rose up against govt and against tax 2 results: Government has right to tax

Government has right to use force George Washington retires after two terms; this created the limit of how long a president can last

III Philosophical Dual Hamilton (Republican) (democratic) Federalists democratic-republicans Adams 1st Fed. Prez common man (90%) Rich states rights Strong central govt pro French Distrust of masses Pro-English Jefferson

IV Foreign Affairs Trying to strike a balance between France and Britain 1784- French Revolution Good for Jeffersonians Became radical- 1792 Reign of Terror XYZ Affair 3 French ministers asked for bribes just to talk to them

V Adams (1796-1800) Federalist Candidate- 1796 Under original constitution whoever doesnt win become vp 1798- alien acts - went against first amendment

Age of Jefferson

I. THE MAN & THE PRESIDENCY - 3rd president from 1800 to 1808 - election of 1800 was a revolution a display of the exchange of power s between partners peacefully -Jefferson reduced debt and taxes -believes in moral power - he was very common- not prestige - he was like two Jeffersons (he says one thing and does another)

II. JOHN MARSHAL appointed as supreme court justice by John Adams Sewed from 1800-1834 Most important legal person ever 1803- Marbury vs. Madison

> judicial review: Marshal gave the supreme court the power, the judge, and t he continuity of the law

III. FOREIGN AFFAIRS A. France - French Revolution increasingly get bloodier - Napoleon: war genius, conquering most of Europe (1800-1815) > Somewhat like Hitler -Napoleon conquers spawn, taking him to Louisiana & New Orleans > New Orleans is major for exports > Jefferson offers Napoleon 10 million for New Orleans > Napoleon offers all of Louisiana Territory for 15 mill ion > Jefferson buys it; sends Lewis and Clark to explore > opens Pacific North West

B. As Napoleon becomes more powerful, conflict between France & Britain grows - U.S. tries to stay neutral

Growth of Nationalism

I. WAR OF 1812 - out growth of Napoleons wars in Europe - We are involved for Freedom of the Seas - Both France and Britain tell U.S. not to trade with the other - U.S. wants to be neutral - Britain has a policy of Impressement ( kidnapping sailors) - U.S. goes to war with Great Britain mainly because they assaulted our nations honor - 3 important events during the war: 1. The U.S. capital was burned down 2. Battle of New Orleans (brings Andrew Jackson into pre sidency) 3. We got 2 presidents who fought during the war - Treaty of Ghent 1814 (ends war) - Hartford Convention 1814 - Left over federalists try to succeed from the Union

II. ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS - 3 young senators that came to have much power: A. Daniel Webster (Mass.) B. John Calhoun (S.C.) C. Henry Clay (KY) - Henry Clay proposed: A. Bank of U.S.

B. Taxes on important goods C. Road improvements

III. MISSOURI COMPROMISE people are moving Westward 1820, Missouri enters as a slave state There was and even number of free states & slave states

Missouri Compromise says that states must join one slave state & one f ree state

IV. FOREIGN AFFAIRS Rush-Bagot treaty of 1817

>No navy on the great lakes between U.S. & Britain Treaty of 1818

>Established the border of Canada Adams Treaty 1819 > gets U.S. control of Florida - Monroe Doctrine 1823 > James Monroe President from 1816-1824 > Doctrine says that no European powers can colonize in Western Hemisphere

Age of Jackson

I. NEW DEMOCROCY - People begin to flood to the West - North, South & West tend to compete politically - Sectionalism: > 3 sections > Competition > Win 2, win the election

- President must relate to people - Regular people become politicians > Daniel Boone becomes congressmen - 1824: 25% of the people voted - 1840: 78% of the people voted > Politics became more popular

II. ELECTION OF 1824 - 4 major candidates ran > Jackson > J.Q. Adams > Clay > Crawford - All basically came from Jeffersons Party - Jackson was popular vote but not electoral - Decisions decided by the house of Reps.: > Corrupt Bargain Adams & Clay make a deal to have Clays pe ople in the house vote for Adams, making him President (Makes Clay Secretary of State) -Johnson vows revenge - J.Q. Adams is not popular; and only serves one term - Treaty of Abandonment > 37% tax on all imported goods - liked in North; hated in South

III. Democratic Party appeal to the common man one goal in 1827 is to get Andrew Jackson elected start rallies (BBQs) to gain votes

-works- Jackson won in 1828 - 647,000 p. 178 e. (Jackson)

- 509,000 p.

83 e. (Adams) - Birth of a 2nd party (Whigs)

IV. Jacksons 1st term Nicknamed Old Hickory Sports system- sports of war -used to fire Adams employees and reward people Jackson owed Kitchen Cabinet

-Small group of 10-12 advisors with no real political sense - True leaders without official positions - Peggy Eaton Affair- 1831 - Jacksons wife recently died -Peggy was wife of Secretary of War -Peggy wasnt popular- no one liked her -President orders people to play with Peggy - Vice Presidents wife, Mrs. Calhoun, disobeyed orders - Jackson fires Calhoun and everyone supported by him - creates separation -Calhoun loses chance of becoming president - Van Buren replaces him -Indirectly causes Civil War- supposedly

1830s Politics I. Jackson continued Powerful Politicians: *Calhoun *Webster *Clay

A. South Carolina Crisis

- if a state doesnt like a law they dont have to enforce it - Calhoun goes to South Carolina after being fired - calls to arm S.C. militia - Andrew Jacksons prepares U.S> forces to fight S.C. Militia -Clay Compromise tariff- 1833 -over many years the tariff will fade away - Congress passes the Forced Bill -states that congress can pass these laws but want - much like Declaratory

B. Election of 1832 - Jackson stomps Clay, thanks to common man - gets second term - Westerners dont like the U.S. Bank - Jackson dislikes banks to gain Western support - Jackson vetos renewal of U.S. Bank - Wildcat banks (private banks) -issue paper currency -leads to inflation -species circular - Federal law against wildcat currency - Federals want gold and silver - Panic of 1827 depression - Indian Removal Act- 1830- Jackson hates Indians -Any Indians east of Mississippi were forced west -Cherokee try to emulate white system -education, law, constitution, l anguage -apply for statehood: Cherokee Nation - Supreme Court- John Marshal gives them sta tehood

- Jackson goes against this decision and for ces Cherokees west -leads to trail of teats 1838 - 18,000 left only 14,000 made i t

II. Texas -1823 Texas is free from Spain -Was Texas and wants to gain Americans -Americans must separate from American and convert to Catholicism -1836 Texas declares independence from Mexico and wants to become America- lead by white converted Americans - Fight between America and Mexico in Texas: The Alamo - Texas cant join due to the Missouri compromise - for nine years Texas was the lone republic

IV. Van Buren Presidency- 1836-40 too Harrison wins little short Federalist President nearly as soon as hes elected the panic of 1837 occurs 1840 Buren runs against William H. Harrison- Whig Party William H. Harrison develops the political slogan- Tippecanoe and Tyler

- died 20 days later - Tyler becomes President