GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 7: THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS IN SPAIN UNIT 7: THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS IN SPAIN

OUTLINE
1 - INTRODUCTION LA RECONQUISTA (THE RECONQUEST) CHRONOLOGY 2 - 8th, 9th AND 10th CENTURIES 3 - 11th CENTURY. 4 - 12th CENTURY 513th CENTURY

ASPECTOS LINGSTICOS NOMBRES CONTABLES E INCONTABLES. SOME Y ANY. HOW MUCH / HOW MANY. DAR CONSEJOS: SHOULD/ SHOULDNT.

VOCABULARY TO ANNEX TO ASPIRE BACKWARD BELONGED TO BUT RATHER CARRY OUT FOUNDER TO FACE FOLLOWERS IN CONTRAST TO MANAGE TO SUBJUGATE RAID RECONQUEST TO REPLACE SUBSEQUENTLY TENT THE CROWN TROOPS TO WIN OUT WISE

PHONETICS

6 - 14th AND 15th CENTURIES ACTIVITIES

7 - VOCABULARY

/Z / /v/ /n/

/ / //

/ / /f/ // /m/

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GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 7: THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS IN SPAIN

1 LA RECONQUISTA (THE RECONQUEST).

When Muslims invaded the Iberian Peninsula, they occupied almost all its territory (Al-Andalus), except some zones in the North. Those territories were the first nuclei to form, afterwards becoming the Christian kingdoms. Those kingdoms were developed throughout the Middle Ages. Al-Andalus kept its supremacy till the year 1.000 AC. Since then, the Christian kingdoms began to expand to southern territories dominated by muslims. That expansion is called <<La Reconquista>> (The Reconquest). <<La Recoquista>> was the long period of 800 years where the Christian kingdoms invaded and slowly recovered territories of Al-Andalus.

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GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 7: THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS IN SPAIN

That process had advances and failures, but when de Caliphate of Cordoba fell there was a decisive advance, in which the Muslims lost a lot of zones and territoy and finally were limited to the Nasrid kingdom of Granada. <<La Reconquista>> ended with the conquest of Granada by the Catholic Monarchs in 1492. 2 8th, 9th AND 10th CENTURIES. 718 or 719 Pelagius, a Visigoth noble, defeated to a Muslim army in Covadonga (Asturias). This is the beginning of <<La Reconquista>>. 740-754 The Christians, under the reign of the King Alfonso I of Asturias, conquered Galicia and Leon. 791-842 King Alfonso II of Asturias conquered some fortresses and settled south of the Duero. 800-801 The Franks, under the reign of Charlemagne, conquered the Pyrenees, created a zone known as <<Marca Hispanica>>, and one year later conquered Barcelona. 905-926 Sancho I Garcs of Pamplona created the kingdom of Navarre. 950-951 Count Fernn Gonzlez laid the foundations for the future independence of Castile. 981 King Ramiro III of Leon was defeated by the Vizier Almanzor and was forced to pay tribute to the Caliph of Cordoba.
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GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 7: THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS IN SPAIN

3 11th CENTURY. 1004-1035 Sancho Garcs III of Navarre, called <<the Great>>, managed to subjugate the counties of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza in Aragon. He expected to dominate the territories of Bermudo III of Leon and be declared Emperor. Before he died, he divided his territories between his three sons: - The throne of Navarre and the Basque Country for Garca III. - Castile for Ferdinand I, on the death of count Garca Snchez. - Sobrarbe and Ribagorza for Gonzalo I. 1065-1109 Alfonso VI, nicknamed <<the Brave>>, was King of Leon, King of Castile and King of Galicia. He captured Toledo (1086), and proclaimed himself <<Emperor of Spain>> (Imperator Totius Hispaniae) and <<Emperor of the Two Religions>>. The historic and legendary figure of <<El Cid>> lived during his reign. 1086 The Christian advances forced to the Muslims kings of Granada, Seville and Badajoz to ask the Almoravid Dynasty for help. Subsequently this dynasty established control in Al-Andalus.

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GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 7: THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS IN SPAIN

4 12th CENTURY. 1102 The followers of <<El Cid>> left Valencia, and the African Muslims (Almoravids) conquered the rest of Al-Andalus. 1135 Alfonso VII, King of Leon and Castile, restored the prestige of the monarchy of Leon and was proclaimed Emperor of Spain (Imperator Totius Hispaniae), but, in contrast to Alfonso VI, he didnt give himself this title, but rather it was given to him legitimately. 1147 The Almohads, another African Dynasty, occupied Spain and replaced to the Almoravids. After they established their Capital city in Seville. 1157 The Almohads conquered Almeria. 1162 King Alfonso II of Aragon, son of the Count Ramon Bereguer IV of Barcelona and Petronila of Aragon, unified in his person the kingdom of Aragon and the county of Barcelona from 1162 until his death in 1196. He was also Count of Provence. 1195 The Castilians were defeated in the Battle of Alarcos by the Almohads.

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GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 7: THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS IN SPAIN

5 13th CENTURY. 1212 King Alfonso VIII of Castile, with the help of King Peter II of Aragon, King Sancho VII of Navarre and some troops of Portugal, won out in the decisive battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. 1230 Alfonso IX, King of Leon and Galicia, advanced on the Guadiana river (Extremadura) and captured Mrida and Badajoz, and as a result he opened the way for the conquest of Seville. 1217-1252 Ferdinand III the Saint, King of Castile, Leon and Galicia, took Cordoba (1236), Murcia (1243), Jan (1246), and Seville (1248). Granada was the last independent Muslim kingdom of the Iberian Peninsula. 1213-1275 James I the Conqueror, King of Aragon, Count of Barcelona and Lord of Montpellier, conquered the Balearic Islands (1229) and Valencia (1238). 1252-1284 Alfonso X the Wise and the Astrologer, King of Castile, Leon and Galicia, continued <<La Reconquista>>. He had to face revolts of Mudjars in Andalusia and Murcia. He aspired to be chosen as Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in 1257.

IBERIAN PENINSULA
The Reconquest, 1037-1270
Scale, 1: 10.000.000 (160 miles=1 inch)
Northern limits of Saracen lands, 1037 , 1100 , 1200

Frontier of Aragon, 1270 Frontier of Castile, 1270 Frontier of Portugal, 1270

Dominion of El Cid, 1094 -1102

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GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 7: THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS IN SPAIN

6 14th AND 15th CENTURIES. 1309 Ferdinand IV, King of Castile, Leon and Galicia, captured Gibraltar from the Moors with the help of the nobleman Alonso Prez de Guzmn of Aragn. Guzmn the Good was the founder of the line which the dukes of Medina Sidonia belonged to. Ferdinand IV died suddenly in 1312 in his tent at Jan while preparing for a raid into the Moorish territory of Granada. 1333 The Nasrid King of Granada, Muhammed IV, recovered Algeciras and Gibraltar and Algeciras. He was killed in this year, and couldnt enjoy his victory. 1482-1484 The Catholic Monarchs, Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon (they married in 1469), had the firm intention to finish cpnquering the last Muslim territories (Kingdom of Granada) in the Iberian Peninsula once and for all. The Granada war was a series of military campaigns over ten years and carried out in several phases. This war finally ended when the city of Granada was taken, on January 2 of 1492, and its last king, the Emir Boabdil, surrendered and went into exile. The kingdom of Granada was annexed to the Crown of Castile. The end of this war concluded <<La Reconquista>>, eight centuries after Muslim invaded the Iberian Peninsula.
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GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 7: THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS IN SPAIN

Activities: - Using the main dates of <<La Reconquista>>, create a time line.

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GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 7: THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS IN SPAIN

- Using the maps from this unit, write the centuries in the blank boxes of the maps below; put a title in the yellow boxes; and place the meaning of each color in the maps legend.

MAP LEGEND

MAP LEGEND

MAP LEGEND

MAP LEGEND

- Look for information about <<El Cid>> and write a brief composition about his life. . . . . . . ..... .................................
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GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 7: THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS IN SPAIN

7 VOCABULARY English
A Almost adv. Also adv. to Annex verb. to Aspire verb. Astrologer sust. B Backward adj. y adv. to Be chosen verb. y verb (en participio) to Belong to verb. Between prep. But rather conj. y adv. C to Capture verb. to Carry out verb. (phrasal verb) to Conclude verb. to Conquer verb. Count sust. County sust. to Create verb. D Decisive adj. to Defeat verb. to Dominate verb. Dukes sust. E to Establish verb. Exile sust. to Expect verb.
F /' :lm /' :ls /

Pronunciation
st/

Spanish
Casi Tambin, adems Anexionar Aspirar a algo

/ 'neks/ / 'spa (r)/ / 'str :l d /'bkw rd / /bi: / /'t /b 'l /b 'twi:n/ /b t/ /'r : (r)/ /'kpt r/ /'kri/ /a t/ /k n'klu:d/ /'k :k r / /ka nt/ /'ka nti/ /kri'e t/ /d 'sa s v/ /d 'fi:t/ /'d m ne t/ /dju:ks/ / 'stbl / /'eksa l/ / k'spekt/ /fe s/ /'f :l /f :rst/ /f :rm / /'f :rtr sis/ /fa n'de /'fa nd r / / n/ /'k ntr :st/ /' nd 'pend nt/ / n'tent n / /ki:p/ /'k d ms/ /'le t r / /li:v/ ns/ rs/ z n/ / /tu:/ r/

Astrlogo-a Retrocesos, hacia atrs Ser elegido Pertenecer a Entre Si no que Capturar, tomar Llevar a cabo, realizar, cumplir (un deber) Concluir, finalizar Conquistar Conde Condado Crear Decisivo Derrotar, vencer Dominar Duques Establecer, fundar Exilio, destierro Esperar (algo) Enfrentarse a, encararse a Seguidores-as Forzar, obligar Formar Fortalezas Fundaciones Fundador-a A diferencia de, por el contrario, al contrario Independiente Intencin, propsito Mantener, guardar, conservar Reinos Despus, ms tarde Dejar, abandonar

to Face verb. Followers sust. to Force verb. to Form verb. Fortresses sust. Foundations sust. Founder sust. I In contrast to adv. Independent adj. Intention sust. K to Keep verb. Kingdoms sust. L Later adv. to Leave verb.
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GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 7: THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS IN SPAIN

M to Manage to subjugate verb. y verb. to Marry verb. N to Nickname verb. Nuclei sust. O to Occupy verb. P Phases verb Prestige sust. Process sust. to Proclaim verb. R Raid sust. Reconquest sust. to Recover verb. Reign sust. to Replace verb. to Restore verb. Revolt sust. S to Settle down verb. Slowly adv. Subsequently adv. Suddenly adv. to Surrender verb. T Tent The Crown art. y sust. Throne sust. Throughout prep. Tribute sust. Troops sust. U to Unify verb. V Victory sust. W Way sust. to Win out verb. y adv. (phrasal verb) Wise adj.

/'mn d / /'s bd /'mri/ /'n kne m/ /'nju:kli:/ /' kj pa / /fe zis/ /pre'sti: / /'pr ses/ /pr 'kle m/ /re d/ / ri:'k kwest/ /'ri:'k v r / /re n/ /r 'ple s/ /r 'st :r / /r 'v lt/

ge t/

Lograr someter Casarse, contraer matrimonio Apodado Ncleos Ocupar Fases Prestigio Proceso Proclamar, declarar Asalto, incursin Reconquista Recuperar, recobrar Reinado Reemplazar, sustituir Restaurar, restablecer Revuelta Establecerse, asentarse Lentamente, despacio Posteriormente Repentinamente, de repente, de pronto Rendirse, entregarse, rendir, entregar Tienda de campaa La corona (de Castilla, de Aragn), como reino Trono Durante todo, toda Tributo Tropas Unificar, unir Victoria Camino, modo, forma, manera Salir triunfante, resultar victorioso, triunfar Sabio

/'setl/ /da n/ /'sl li/ /'s bs kw ntli/ /'s dnli/ /s 'rend r/ /tent/ /i/ /kra n/ /r n/ /ru:'a t/ /'tr bju:t/ /tru:ps/ /'ju:n fa / /'v kt ri/ /we / /w n/ /a t/ /wa z/

Mapa 1: http://bachiller.sabuco.com/historia/images/De%20Asturias%20a%20Leon.jpg El Cid: http://andrewpetcher.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/el-cid-1.jpg Mapa S. XIII: http://www.boisestate.edu/courses/images/maps/spain14thc.jpg Las navas de Tolosa: http://www.laguia2000.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/fotocantg2.jpg
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