SRI RAMAKRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING FIRST INTERNAL TEST-JULY 2012 08AGE08- COMPUTER NETWORKS

CLASS: IV BME DURATION:1 HOUR 30 MIN 9*2=18

MAXMARKS:50 PART-A

1) Give the categories of guided media and differentiate the types with respect to each other. Twisted pair cablei)Unshielded twisted pair ii)Shielde twisted pair(05MHZ) Coaxial cable(100khz-500mhz) Fiber-optic cable i)single mode 2) What is meant by FDM? Signals generated by each device modulate different carrier frequencies. Modulated signals are combined into a single composite signal that can be transported by the link. Carrier frequencies are separated by enough bandwidth to accommodate the modulated signal. Channels must be separated by strips of unused bandwidth to prevent signals from overlapping ii)multimode(Step and graded index)

3) Write the types of polar encoding? Encode 0100111o using bipolar AMI encoding NRZ RZ Biphase i)Manchester ii)Differential Manchester i)NRZ-I,ii)NRZ-L

4) What do you mean by null modem? Name the various modem standards DTE-DTE with out DCE is called null modem.i)Bell modem modem ii)ITUT-T

Bell modem i)103/113 series

ii)202,201,208,209 series

ITUT-T i)V21,V22,V23,V26,V27,V29

5) What kind of error is undetectable by checksum? If one or more bits of a segment are damaged and the corresponding bit or bits of opposite value in a segment are also damaged the sum of those columns will not change and receiver will not detect a problem IF the last digit of one segment is a0 and it gets changed to a 1 in transit,then the last 1 in another segment must be changed to a 0 if the error is go to undetected

6) Draw the HDLC frame format. Give its types and how do you differentiate each? Flag Address I-Frame S-Frame U-Frame Control Information FCS Flag

7) What is the function of a router? Why is adaptive routing superior to non adaptive routing? Routers realy packets among multiple interconnected networks They route packets from one n/w to any no of potential destination n/w on an internet. In Non adaptive routing decisions are not made based on the condition or topology of the networks. In adaptive routing router may select a new route for each packet in response to changes in condition and topolohy of the networks.

8) What are the X.25 layers? name the X.25 frame types and their primary functions? Packet layer Frame layer Physical layer I-Frames(encapsulate PLP packets from the network layer) S-Frames(flow and error control in the frame layer)

U-Frames(set up and disconnect the links between a DTE and a DCE)

9) What are the two general PLP packet types and list the fields of a PLP packet header? Data packets, Contorl packets Header i)GFI ii)LCN iii)PTI

PART-B

2*16=32

10)I ) What is meant by circuit switching? Explain Time division switching (8) Circuit Switching creates a direct physical connection between two devices Time-Division switching uses time division multiplexing.TSI and TDM bus TSI changes the ordering of a slot based on a desired connections Demux seperates the slots it passes them to the proper outputs
A Time Slot Interchange (TSI) switch uses RAM,. Like any switch, it has input and output ports. The function of the RAM is to store the packets which are inputted to it via its input terminal. The counter is incremented with the internal clock. Current value of counter is indicating that the data of which input port is to be forwarded. Based on the value of the counter, it access the input port say i, then its mapping information is obtained from the memory for the mapping. RAM is accessed and the packet stored in the RAM is forwarded to the output port which is obtained through memory. TDM bus A TDM bus is one application of the principle of time-division multiplexing. In a TDM Bus, data or information arriving from an input line is put onto specific timeslots on a high-speed bus, where a recipient would listen to the bus and pick out only the signals for a certain timeslot. It resembles the TDM carried out in synchronous optical networking, but the "TDM Bus" term is more commonly used when the bus is inside a single unit like a telecommunications switch or a PC.

ii) Write the disadvantages of circuit switching over packet switching and Explain briefly about packet switching circuit switching is less transmission inflexible well suited to data and other nonvoice

data rate.(it ill assume single data rate for both devices) Packet switching i) Data gram approach Each packet is treated independently from all others. This cause the datagrams of a transmission to arrive at their destination out of order.transport layer will reorder the data grams before passing them on to the destination port. ii) Virtual circuit approach The relationship between all packets belonging to a message or session preserved. Single route is chosen between sender and receiver at the beginning of the session SVC, Virtual circuit is created whenever it is needed and exists only for the duration of the specific exchange. PVC The circuit is dedicated to the specific users. No one else can use it and because it is always in place it can be used without connection establishment and connection termination.

11)I)Explain Time division multiplexing with suitable diagram

(14)

ii) Calculate the LRC for the following bit pattern using even parity 0011101 1100111 1111111 0000000 (2)

12)I)Group the OSI layer by function and elaborate each layer function (14) Ii) Give the types of BSC frame and draw data frame format (2) (or) 13)I)Explain Distance vector routing algorithm Ii)Explain X.25 Frame layer. (8) (8)

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