CC2005

The Project Life Cycle

Project Life Cycles

What is a project life cycle? Some examples A project life cycle in detail

A Project Life Cycle In Detail

The 4-Phase Project Life Cycle

Conceptualisation Planning Implementation Completion

Our default project life cycle

A Project Life Cycle In Detail

Conceptualisation Stage:

Define project goals and objectives Define environmental factors Define organisational factors Identify key stakeholders & their needs Define the project scope Determine success criteria Prepare feasibility document

A Project Life Cycle In Detail

Planning Stage:

Refine objectives and scope Design solution Identify resources Identify project constraints Identify work packages and activities
(Work Breakdown Structure)

Agree standards and processes

and
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A Project Life Cycle In Detail

Planning Stage (continued):

Schedule activities and resources Agree budget Assess risks Produce a baseline plan Start building the team

A Project Life Cycle In Detail

Implementation Stage:

Continue building the team Team management Detailed technical requirements and design Refine plan Monitor and control progress Report

A Project Life Cycle In Detail

Completion Stage:

Finalise documentation Cut-over over to new system

Consider different options phased, geographic, pilot

Re-deploy staff Dispose of assets Evaluate and review the project Hand-over and sign-off project

A Project Life Cycle In Detail

Evaluation & review is important throughout the life-cycle, particularly during completion Opportunity to learn and improve the process Problems identified may lead to a new project A true life cycle

A Project Life Cycle In Detail

Do not confuse the planning stage of the project life cycle with the vital process of planning
The process of planning is carried out throughout the project life cycle The planning stage involves designing the initial solution and producing baseline plans

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A Project Life Cycle In Detail

Accumulated Cost of Project

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A Project Life Cycle In Detail

Each stage of the project is broken down into manageable and well-defined chunks of work
These are called work packages Each work package broken down into activities and tasks as necessary for planning and control We will return to Work Breakdown Structure later...

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Any Questions?

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CC2005
Conceptualisation Stage Introduction

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Conceptualisation
Inputs to conceptualisation stage Influencing factors Stakeholder analysis Feasibility Risk Outputs from conceptualisation stage

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Inputs
Strategic planning
Identifying and meeting the organisations strategic objectives SWOT analysis Project manager should have some input to strategic decision making

Identified problem or opportunity

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Inputs
Produce Terms of Reference for project
Document describes need for the project

Defines the initial boundaries

Defines initial responsibilities Defines the scope of the feasibility study

The Project Charter (Burke, 2003)

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Conceptualisation
Sign-off ToR initiates the project The conceptualisation stage now begins Only conceptualisation stage is authorised When conceptualisation stage is complete there will be another decision point
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Influencing factors
External (environmental) factors include:

= Social

T
E

= Technological
= Economic = Environmental = Political
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E
P

Influencing factors
External factors (extended) include:

S T E E

= Social = Technological = Economic = Environmental = Political

P
L E

= Legal
= Ethical
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Influencing factors
Internal (organisational) factors include:
Mission Strategy Policy and procedures (e.g. ethical policy) Structure and culture Internal politics, hidden agendas Budget / financial constraints

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Influencing factors
Project constraints, environmental and organisational factors impose limitations on the project there are direct constraints scope, budget, time, quality, there can be indirect constraints e.g. currency exchange rates

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Stakeholder analysis
A project stakeholder is a person or organisation
involved with... affected by... can affect the outcome of...

the project

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Stakeholder analysis
Key stakeholders include:
Project sponsor Client Project manager Project team

End-users
Senior management Suppliers / contractors

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Stakeholder analysis
Other stakeholders can include
Other managers within the project organisation Other managers within the client organisation Colleagues The general public

The media

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Stakeholder analysis
Identify key stakeholders
Decision makers Those with political influence Those affected most by project

Identify their needs If there are any conflicts - prioritise

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Stakeholder analysis
Identify other significant stakeholders Identify their needs Prioritise and trade off requirements
Compromise if possible Key stakeholders must take priority

Manage stakeholder expectations

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Any Questions?

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Further reading
Burke, R. (2003), Project Management: Planning and Control Techniques, Wiley Grey, CF & Larson, EW (2000), Project Management, McGraw-Hill

Field, M & Keller, L (1998), Project Management, International Thomson Business Press
Maylor, H (1999), Project Management (2nd Edition), Pitman Publishing Weiss, J & Wysoscki, R (1992), 5-Phase Project Management: A Practical Planning and Implementation Guide, Addison-Wesley

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