PostTsunami Llico, Chile

Envisioning the post-earthquake and post-tsunami reconstruction of the Town of Llico, Bio-Bio Region, Chile.

Arc 5340 | Design 7 | Summer 2010 | School of Architecture Florida International University

Envisioning the post-earthquake and post-tsunami reconstruction of the Town of Llico, Bio-Bio Region, Chile.

ARC 5340 Design 7 Summer 2010 Credits: 6 Time: Tuesdays and Thursdays 2:00-6:00 Location: Second Floor Studios, PCA School of Architecture College of Architecture + Arts Florida International University Miami Florida Instructor Alfredo Andia, Florida International University Design Critics Sergio Baeriswyl, Head of the Commission for Reconstruction of the Coastal Border, Intendencia del Bio Bio, Chile Mauricio Gonzalez, Florida International University Editors Lucille Malacouti Daniela Motta Participants Johana Bohorquez Kevin Gurley Joseph Kim Monica Mamani Lucille Malacouti Daniela Motta Relvy Moronta Andrea Preciado Class conducted during Summer semester occurring from May 4, 2010 through August 5, 2010 at Florida International University, School of Architecture, Paul L. Cejas School of Architecture Building 272, University Park Campus, 11200 SW 8th Street Miami, FL 33199 T 305-348-6181 F 305-348-2650 soa@fiu.edu http://soa.fiu.edu/

Table of contents
General Information Case Studies Lucille Malacouti Daniela Motta Johana Bohorquez Relvy Moronta Joseph Kim Andrea Preciado- Reynoso Monica Mamani Kevin Gurley 6 18 31 43 53 65 75 87 99 111

4 Location map. Llico, Bio Bio Region, Chile Source: Goggle maps

Tsunami height along the coast of the Bio Bio region and the Llico-Arauco Bay: Tohoku tsunami model. Source: Shunichi Koshimura and Fumihiko Imamura. Modeling the Tsunami of 27 February 2010 in Chile Preliminary Results. Disaster Control Research, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University

NOAA tsunami travel time map for the Feb. 27, 2010 8.8 earthquake in Chile. Source: US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and atmospheric administration

Introduction
General Information
LLICO RECONSTRUCTION STUDIO Alfredo Andia February 27, 2010 On February 27, 2010, at 3:34 AM the Bio Bio region in the South of Chile was the epicentre of an 8.8 Richter scale earthquake, the fifth most powerful ever recorded. The earthquake set off tsunami waves that by 8 AM that day had swamped the shores of the South of Chile destroying many coastal towns before moving across the Pacific. Studio Our studio engaged in the reconstruction effort of the community of Llico in the Bio Bio Region. Llico is located approximately 80 miles south form the epicentre of the earthquake. It is a small coastal town whose inhabitants live primarily from small scale fishing. The town of Llico had a population of 792 inhabitants. It is estimated that approximately 157 houses of the 321 were impacted by the Tsunami. This studio in the first part of the semester analyzed the existing conditions, examined potential sites for reconstruction, and investigated an array of existing solutions for social housing in Chile. The studio worked closely with the Reconstruction Office of the Bio Bio Region, and consultants. The design work of the studio included several schematic Master Plan alternatives that could aid in the creation of a clear identity for the town. We developed several mitigation plan alternatives against Tsunamis. And we evaluated the development of areas for local tourism related to fishing and beach activities.

Social Housing in Chile The contemporary standards of social housing in Chile are the result of more than sixty year experience on the subject. In the 1950s Chile was one of the pioneering countries that introduced concepts of progressive housing solutions such as: site and services, and self-help housing. By the late-seventies and early 1980s, progressive housing for the lowest income earners were introduced into national programs where the applicant had to apply for governmental subsidy. Some of these plans were used to transform precarious neighbourhoods by integrating the self-help construction capabilities of slum dwellers to basic urbanization and sanitation infrastructure. The Site and Service program called casetas sanitarias was popularized during that period. Dwellers were given a plot of land averaging an area of 100 square meters connected to sewage and water systems. Each lot included a reinforced-brick sanitary unit of 6.75 square meters, which contained a bathroom and a kitchen area. In a second phase, each family constructed a temporary structure which later is replaced by a more definitive solution as the dwellers accumulate materials and savings. In the early 1980s with the implementation of programs such as Mejoramiento de Barrio (PMB) the discourse of progressive social housing began to shift. It began to favor more governmental intervention until the housing solutions surpass the 30-40 m2 (300 to 400 sf). Since the mid-1980s the Chilean economy grew consistently. Today the per capita income in Chile is around US$15,000, making it one of the highest in Latin America. More than two decades of economic growth had an effect in social housing policy. The governmental discourse began to focus more intensely into subsidy programs that improved the standards of social housing. With the years, more and more houses produced under programs such as Vivienda Social Dinmica sin Deuda (VSDsD) and Fondos Concursables para Proyectos Solidarios (FCVS) included at least two bedrooms, living room, dinning room, a kitchen, and a bathroom. An increasing number of these projects also gave its dwellers the construction drawings and approved permits for a second phase. By 2009, the average area of the first phase of the houses provided by the FCVS program was 45,1 m2 (451 sf). In order to save in land, foundations, and roof materials, most of these projects began to standardize the design principles of the house. These houses are usually two story floors high and the street side of the lots usually is 6 mt wide.

Housing Standards The most important effort in the second part of the studio was dedicated to envision several design alternatives for 60 new houses and a neighbourhood for tsunami affected families. This book is dedicated to document the housing alternatives for these neighbourhoods. The design of the houses is inserted into the contemporary discourse of social housing in Chile We used the minimum standards for social housing by the Ministry of Housing in Chile. The houses typically are of 450 sf (45 m2) and could be enlarged to 600 sf to 700 sf (60 m2 to 70 m2). The standard plot for this type of housing does not exceed 1500 sf (150 m2), and typically the dimension for the front of the house is 6 mt. (Approximately 6 yards). The budget for the construction of the family dwelling is very stringent. Typically the cost of building the house it should not cost more than US$11,000 to $15,000 and the cost of urbanization should not exceed the $4,000.

Normative standards for the program of Dynamic Social Housing without Debt (Viviendas Sociales Dinmicas Sin Deuda: VSVsD) by the Ministry of Housing and Urbanism, Chile. Source: Ministry of Housing and Urbanism, Division Housing Policy, Department of Housing, Government of Chile.

Thermal transmittance and resistance The requirements for enclosures for housing elements contained in the thermal regulation O.G.U.C., article 4.1.10, requires that the house components have a thermal transmittance U of equal or less than the following: Roof: 0.38 W/m2K; Perimeter Walls 1.7 W/m2K; and Floor 0.60 W/m2K. Or a total thermal resistance Rt equal or superior to: Roof: 2,63 m2K/W; Perimeter Walls 0.59 m2K/W; and Floor 1.67 m2K/W. The proposals in this studio utilized industrialized SIP panels or a protected quincha method (wattle and daub) over a reinforced wood frame structure. Students are asked to consider solar radiation to reduce the energy consumption of lighting and heating. Since an important energy loss escapes through the soil the housing proposals sit on concrete stilt foundations generating an airy mezzanine which is insulated from the house.
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Climatic conditions According to the Chilean Norm NCH.1079 this region is classified as SL Zone (Sur Litoral). This zone is characterized with saline soil, humid environment, temperature variations from temperate to cold, strong winds from the west, rainy maritime climate, and long winters. The annual rainfall surpasses the 1330 mm. The maximum temperature usually doesnt surpass the 22 C.

Tsunami mitigation Tsunamis are a low-probability but one of the most highly destructive natural disaster. After the 2004 Indonesian Tsunami much attention has been placed on this phenomenon. However most of the effort has been placed in developing warning systems and evacuation plans. There is worldwide very limited experience in design and planning against Tsunamis. The earthquake of February 27, 2010, lifted instantly the town of Llico approximately 2 mt. (2 yards) above the sea level. The epicentre of this earthquake, 83 Miles (135 km) directly north, presented one of the worst scenarios for a near-shore Tsunami for the town of Llico. The Tsunami inundated all the areas of the town which were below the 7 mt. above the sea level. The Tsunami mitigation strategy for reconstruction chosen is not to rebuild above the 7 mt. mark. The sites chosen in the studio reconfigure the ground to reach the 7 mt. mark. The stilt foundations give an extra height above that mark. The designs also assume a significant buffer zone with which the town will be protected with a barrier of native trees that would dissipate the force of the tsunami waves.

Hope In the past 5 years the small town of Llico had began to consolidate several important projects in artisans fishery, gastronomy, and small tourism. The tsunami not only took away the boats and the houses of the fishermen but also an incipient infrastructure from which its inhabitants hoped to grow into next decade. Llico was also affected by the Tsunami that followed the 9.5 earthquake in 1960, the most powerful earthquake ever recorded and that devastated many coastal towns in the south of Chile. The difference between the 1960 disaster in Chile and the current one is the shear number of the population affected. There are more than 1.5 million people directly affected by the earthquake, more than 350,000 houses that have to be repaired or completely replaced. Of all the coastal communities affected by the 2010 Earthquake and Tsunami, Llico is the farthest away. The future of this town will be a mark of how far the reconstruction of the 2010 earthquake has reached.

Before

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After

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Inundation Area

LLICO TSUNAMI PICT. Satellite picture of Llico at 11:38 AM February 27th taken by astronaut Soichi Noguchi aboard the International Space Station. Eight hours after the earthquake. See the black/ gray rocks/sand areas that shows a new coastline as the earth in this area was raised 2 mt at the time of the earthquake. The image clearly shows the inundation of the tsunami.

Source: INE,Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas, March 2010

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Llico Area Llico Area Tsunami Flood Zone Tsunami flood zone 15

Analysis of site alternatives for the reconstruction of 60 houses.

We evaluated 8 planning alternatives for the location of the 60 houses to be build in Llico. The evaluation criteria of the planning alternatives for the reconstruction were based on the following principles: 1. To preserve the reconstruction area from future Tsunamis and Earthquakes 2. To promote an idea of architectural identity and the consolidation of the town 3. To promote a sustainable reconstruction of the town The analysis developed in the studio was not able to consider issues such as, soil condition, environmental impact, land ownership, and infrastructural needs. The initial observations directed us to conclude that it was advisable to reconstruct the housing above the 7 mt. contour line. The main arguments supporting this conclusion were: 1. The tsunami of Feb. 27, 2010, inundated the town up to approximately the 7 mt contour line. 2. The town has a previous history of being hit by near-shore Tsunami following major earthquakes in the South of Chile. Further geological studies will help determine the 100 or 200 year inundation line. 3. The town needs to develop a defence of native trees to dissipate the force of the tsunami. 4. The town needs to retreat from the sea and have a penalty area to absorb the force of the Tsunami. A similar strategy was followed by the town of Arauco . Given these observations we evaluated the following 8 alternatives: Alternative 1: West Foothills In this location the reconstructed houses could be placed at above the 8 or 9 mt above the sea level. The area would need low to moderate civil work to level the ground and reconstruct partially the road that connects Llico with Lavapie. The site has very good views to the Bay of Llico and has the potential to redefine the connection of its inhabitants with the Ocean. The major disadvantages of this site are its isolation and its sunlight orientation. It is completely disconnected to the civic center of the town where the school is located and significantly detached to the fishing pier were the work and visitors to the town congregate. Alternative 2: Hill Village This scheme explores raising an 8 mt high artificial-hill in front of the sea and above the traditional pier area where the fishing activities concentrate. The idea is to create a very high density cluster of houses that relates to the fishing destination of the village. The major disadvantage of this alternative is the significant cost of the coastal defence and site work needed to effectively mitigate a tsunami.
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Alternative 3: East Foothills This proposal creates a fishing village at around 8-to-10 mt high overlooking the Bay of Llico. Depending on the soil studies we adventure we assume that this proposal would need only moderate cutting and filling site work. The advantages of this alternative are the direct connection the site has with the sea and fishing activities, the good sunlight conditions, and also the tsunami mitigation strategy. This option also considers moving the fishing activities to the east estuary, protecting it, and further developing the spatial connection with the hill. The disadvantage of this proposal is that the connection with the civic center of the town is difficult to accomplish, breaking the town in two. Alternative 4: Road to Lavapie This alternative raises the land to 7 mt. and places the housing next to the Llico-Lavapie Road. The advantages of this proposal are the moderate site work required, considering that the road would have to re-build. The major disadvantage of this proposal is that it doesnt fully connect the new neighbourhood to the civic center of the town. Alternative 5: Road to Arauco This planning alternative follows the same principles of moderately raising the land and Road to 7 mt as alternative 4 but this time next to the Llico-Arauco Road. The advantages are that the site work is not significantly large and that has the potential to connect well with the old civic center of the town of Llico. This proposal connects well to the old road junction and reinforces the east side of the main road that enters into the old part of the town. Alternatives 6 and 7: South of Llico These two alternatives could become the most logical areas for future development from a practical standpoint. The sites are well above the reach of the 2010 tsunami and the sites might be easily assembled. However, the generation of a neighbourhood in any of these two sectors would marginalize the residences into a typical peripheral social housing solution. These alternatives would not contribute much to the identity of Llico and would relegate the potential tourist attraction offer of the zone. Alternative 8: Canal This scheme brings together the two estuaries that pass through the village of Llico. It creates a fishing village around a canal that could diffuse some of the direct impacts that future tsunamis could have on the fishermen infrastructure. Among the benefits of the proposal are that could bring the fishing activates closer to the old neighbourhoods of Llico that was not destroyed by the Tsunami. The scheme requires significant infrastructure work and needs to be studied further to evaluate its feasibility.

Llico, Chile

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Case Studies
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Comite Vida Nueva de Amargos 1. Location: Region de los Rios, Chile 2. Total area of house: 40.00M2 3.Cost:25 Uf /M2

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

3.3274 4.4015 6.8265 6.1280

3.7871

7.8515

4.3228

1.5073

D BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

5.7371

1.4143

1.4450

4.1392

7.3417

1.2137

2.8176

1st Floor

1.4296

2nd Floor

18

Elevation

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CASA CUADRA

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Phase 1 Phase 2 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

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Cross Section 2nd Floor 2nd Floor 19

1st Floor 1st Floor

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Casa Piel 1. Location: El Valle (Comuna de La Florida) y Las Higueras (Comuna de Pealolen), Chile 2. Total area of house: 46 M2 (first phase) 55 M2 (second phase)

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

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C
2.10 3.06

0.80

3.04

1
1.44

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3 3

5.07

5
3.17

8.51

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6
3.06 3.06 3.06

3.06

1st Floor

2nd Floor

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Two Rural Housing in Bollenar 1. Location: Melipilla, Chile 2. Total area of house: 48.39M2
3.24 5.49 2.25

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PR

5.93

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9.14

2.18

Cross EDUCATIONAL PROD PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESKSection

1st Floor
5.49 2.37

1.02

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10.70 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Casa Chubi 1. Location: El Valle (Comuna de La Florida) y Las Higueras (Comuna de Pealolen), Chile 2. Total area of house: 29.00M2 3. Cost: 14 uf /m2
1 2 3

5.93 2.96 2.96

5.93

0.79

0.98

3.00

3.00

6.06

0.30 0.79

0.62

3.03

6.02

3.45

Elevation

Front Elevation
A

2.18

4.95

1st Floor

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21

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

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Conjunto Habitacional Santa Clara 1. Location: Region Valparaiso, Chile

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CLOSET

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Elemental Renca 1. Location: Renca, Santiago, Chile

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1st Floor

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A
COCINA

3.83 5.86

2.65 5.86

1
DORMITORIO 2 CLOSET DORMITORIO 1

ESTAR- COMEDOR

3.58 6.50

6.45

CLOSET

DORMITORIO 3

3.49
3

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3

2.86

0.83

2.16

2.76

0.96

2.16

1st Floor

2nd Floor

Cross Section

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3.42 7.08

5.14

11.26

Cross Section

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Elemental Quinta Monroy 1. Location: Iquique, Chile 2. Cost: US$7,500 per house

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19.69 1.41

3.12

2.27

Cross Section

6.64

1st Floor

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Conjunto Newen Ruka 1. Location: Region de Valparaiso, Chile 2. Total area of house: 52.68M2
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5.47 9.84

2.15

3.32

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3.40 4.63
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COMEDOR DORMITORIO 2

4.12

CLOSET

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COCINA

1.84

2.41

2.81 4.76

1st Floor

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Cross Section

Metalcon Emergency Housing 1. Location: Chile 2. Total area of house: 18-54M2

1.81

2.96

1.20
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1.00

1.11
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1.15
1

2.94 1.00

0.79

2.29

3.01

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1.00 1.56 1.00 1.17 3.73 0.370.60 0.84 5.90 1.00 1.00 3.24 1.16 0.65 1.29 2.94

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5.91

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1 2

0.78

1.17

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0.70

Cross Section
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Las Golondrinas de La Costa 1. Location: Region de La Araucania, Chile 2. Total area of house: 49.80M2 3. Cost: 290 Uf

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4.86 2.92
A

4.86 2.92
A

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8.06
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3.63

1. 31

4.42

2.62

Cross Section

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La Palmilla - Comite Vida Nueva De Amargos 1. Location: Palmilla, Chile 2. Total area of house: 49.02M2 3. Cost: 352,5 Uf

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3.50

8.08

8.08

4.50

2.85

2.11

8.08

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1st Floor

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3.20

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3.50

Vivienda Minima en Covintec Competition 1. Location: Valparaiso, Chile

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A

3.50

0.87

2.64

2.61

1.67 11.42

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D

2.49

1.41

2.01

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2.01

2.49

1.67 11.42

2.61

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Vivienda Minima en Covintec PRODUCED BY AN PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT Competition 1. Location: Valparaiso, Chile
1
A

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3.00 1.10
C

3.00 1.10
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1.90

1.90

2.15

COCINA

6.80

6.80 4.65
COMEDOR

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A
A

A
A

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4.65

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1.30 4.64

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0.34

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2.09 3.00

0.91

2.00

4.65

6.80

2.15

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Vivienda Minima en Covintec Competition 1. Location: Valparaiso, Chile

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Tarapaca House (1st Place) 1. Location: Tarapaca Region, Chile 2. Total area of house: 54M2 3. Cost: 3,613,234 Clp

6.85 6.85 14.97 14.97

3.44 3.44

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Cross Section
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San Carlos 1. Location: Comuna De Chonchi, Chile 2. Total area of house: 42.00 M2 3. Cost: 420.5 Uf

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1st Floor

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8.79 8.79

5.06 5.06

3.25 3.25

6.89 6.89

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Housing in Valparaiso, Covintec Competition 1. Location: Valparaiso, Chile

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303

303

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5%

5%

230

230

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Lucille Malacouti

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EAST HILL: GAZES BETWEEN THE SHADOWS The master plan creates a cluster of houses that behave spatially like a constellation in the east hill overlooking Llico. The location connects the new neighborhood to the ocean, the valley, and the fishing industry that will be located just below the mountain. The proposal effectively protects the site against future tsunamis by building 10 meters above the sea level. This new identity will critically enhance the affected area and help rebuild tourism. The plan also contains an area for camping and future extension. The individual houses proposed in this scheme emerge from a dense forest and are designed to use the northern light as much as possible. The interior of the houses are elongated, expanding into the forest. The entrance to the house consist of a long ramp that leads one into the first floor allowing one to experience the surrounding landscape before entering the house, it provides a transitional space from the street to the house. The houses consist of a lengthened kitchen space that provides a more open floor plan, making the spaces longer. On the second floor the master bedroom is also an elongated room that emerges from the dwelling into the forest.

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Master Plan Aerial Perspective

Master Plan

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perience the surrounding landscape before entering the house, it provides a transitional space from the street to the house. The houses consist of a lengthened kitchen space that provides a more op that emerges from the dwelling into the forest. .
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1.30

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First Floor Plan

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Second Floor Plan Scale 1:40

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Roof Plan Scale 1:40

34 ber 30 7:00 AM

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pen floor plan, making the spaces longer. On the second floor the master bedroom is also an elongated room

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West Elevation Scale 1:100

JUNE 21 2:00 PM

July 21 2:00 PM

JUNE 21 2:00 PM

July 21 2:00 PM
JUNE 21 2:00 PM

July 21 2:00 PM

35

JUNE 21 2:00 PM

West Elevation Scale 1:40

evation :40

East Elevation Scale 1:100

36

North Elevation Scale 1:40

South Elevation South Elevation Scale 1:100

Scale 1:40

East Elevation Scale 1:40

North Elevation Scale 1:100

North Elevation Scale 1:40

North Elevation Scale 1:40

ation 0

West Elevation Scale 1:40

West Elevation Scale 1:40

37

0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 9.65 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.34 9.60

0.64

0.64

0.64

0.64

0.64

0.64

0.64

0.64 3.84 0.64

0.64

0.64

0.64

0.64

0.64 7.70 0.64

0.64 7.68 0.64

0.64

0.64

0.64 3.86 0.64

0.64

0.64

0.64

0.64

0.64

0.66

0.64

0.64

0.64

0.64

0.64 2.03 1.23 3.25

Section A Scale 1:100

First Floor Fraiming Scale 1:40

First Floor Wall Structure Scale 1:40

3.20

Second Floor Fraiming Scale 1:40

Section B Scale 1:100 38

tion in the east hill overlooking Llico. The location connects the new neighborhood to the ocean, the valley, and the fishing industry that will be located just bellow the mountain. The proposal effectively protects the site against critically enhance the affected area and help rebuild tourism. The plan also contains an area for camping and future extension.

re designed to use the northern light as much as possible. The interior of the houses are elongated, expanding into the forest. The entrance to the house consist of a long ramp that leads you into the first floor allowing one to exsitional space from the street to the house. The houses consist of a lengthened kitchen space that provides a more open floor plan, making the spaces longer. On the second floor the master bedroom is also an elongated room

December 21 1:00 PM

DECEMBER 21 1:00PM

October 30 7:00 AM

JULY 21 3:30PM

JUNE 21 2:00 PM

December 21 1:00 PM

39

Structural Axonometric

etric

Roof Structure Second Floor Framing 2x6 First Floor Framing 2x6

Polycarbonate Panels

Adobe Insutlation Layer Wood Structure 2x4

40

41

42

Daniela Motta

43

EAST HILL: THE PIVOT HOUSE The aim of this proposal is to create a constellation of houses in the east hill that can bring back the relationship that Llico has with the ocean and its rural hinterland. This specific location gives the inhabitants the opportunity to encounter the radiant sea, while protecting the area from future tsunamis as well as creating a place that has its own independence and a connection with the existing town. The design of the houses is based on the idea of a pivot from which all spaces and circulation diffuse. It centralizes and distributes the activities in three different levels: the upper level where all the private areas are located, the intermediate space which offers the possibility for vertical growth, and the lower level where the public spaces can be found. The house provides an opportunity to have a continuous circulation from the entrance to the terrace offering an uninterrupted view to the exterior. Windows of different sizes and shapes are placed throughout the house to take advantage of the views and the surrounding landscape. Furthermore, different materials such as polycarbonate, and corrugated metal panels of various bright colors are used to give dynamism and brightness to the faade, which contrast with the light colors of the inside.

44

Detail Master Plan

Master Plan

45

Floor Plan 1 Scale: 1:100

Floor Plan 2 Scale: 1:100

46

Foundation Framing First Floor Scale: 1:100

Foundation Framing Intermediate Floor Scale: 1:100

Longitudinal Section A Scale: 1:100

Longitudinal Section B 47 Scale: 1:100

West Elevation Scale: 1:100

48

North Elevation Scale: 1:100

South Elevation Scale: 1:100

Exterior Perspectives

49

Envelope

Second Level

Intermediate Level

First Level

50

Exploded Axonometric

Sustainability Strategies

Structural Axonometric

1. Polycarbonate 2.Corrugated Metal 3.Galvanized Tubes 4.Adobe Insulation Layer 5.Wood Framing 1x1

6.Wood Frame Foundation Level 1 7.Wood Frame Foundation Intermediate Level 8.Wood Frame Level 2 9.Wood Roof Frame 10. Corrugated Metal

The house is build using the traditional quincha method, which consist of a wood frame that is insulated with mixture of mud and straw which is protected from the rain with a layer of polycarbonate sheet, wood siding,

51

52

Johana Bohorquez

53

EAST HILLS: LIVING IN THE EXPANDING CUBES EAST HILLS: LIVING IN THE EXPANDING CUBES This project intends to create a new community which preserves theintends to create a new community which preserves the traditions and the This project traditions and the lifestyle of the inhabitants of Llico. Thethe inhabitants of Llico. The master plan locates the new neighborhood on the lifestyle of master plan locates the new neighborhood on the east 10mt. above theabove the site location protects the dwellings from future east hill, hill, 10mt. sea level. The sea level. The site location protects while directly maintaining a visual connection to the ocean, fishing activities, and tsunamis the dwellings from future tsunamis while directly maintaining a visual connection to and daub (adobefishing activi- into the existing town. The houses made of wattle the ocean, and straw embedded ties,earthquake proof wood frame) protectedhouses are made of wattle an and the existing town. The by corrugated polycarbonate sheets. reducing and daub (adobe and straw embedded into anThe houses divide the prithe cost and giving a high thermal insulation value to the house. earthquake proofareas (lower level) from the public areas (upper level) between a fixed perfect square vate wood frame) protected by corrugated polycarbonate the floor plan. The compactness ofcost and givinglevelhigh thermal to the in sheets. Reducing the the house in the first a acts in contradition insulation in the upper floor. The explansion of houses level allows for pri- social explansion value to the house. The the upper divide the more vate areas (lower level) from the public areas (upper and mountains). interaccion and it creates an atmospheric connection with the exterior (sea level) between a facades perfect squareand the sky manipulatingThe com-appereThe exterior fixed reflect the sunshine in the floor plan. the external pactness of the house in the first levelhouses shine in the privacy of the hill ance of the house with its changing brightness. The acts in contradiction toas the light reflects off in the upperconstellation of stars lights the sky at night. the expansion the ocean or as a floor. The expansion of the upper level allows for more social interaction and it creates an atmospheric connection with the exterior (sea and mountains). The exterior facades reflects the sunshine and the sky manipulating the external appereance of the house with its changing brightness. The houses shine in the privacy of the hill as the light reflects off the ocean or as a constellation of stars lights the sky at night.

54

MASTER PLAN PLACE MASTER PLAN

LIVING ROOM 3 2 1 KITCHEN BATHROOM BEDROOM 1 MASTER BEDROOM BEDROOM 2 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

MASTER PLAN

55

HOUSE 3D RENDERS AND STREET VIEW

56

57

SECTION 2 SECTION 2

SECTION 2

SECTION 1 5.3M 5.3M

SECTION 1
C

0.7M 5.3M 5.3M FLOOR PLAN LEVEL 1 FLOOR PLAN LEVEL 1 SCALE 1:100 SCALE 1:100

0.7M 5.3M FLOOR PLAN LEVEL 2 PLAN LEVEL 2 FLOOR SCALE 1:100 SCALE 1:100

58

9:00AM 9:00AM

11:00AM 11AM

5.3M
N

3M

3M

0.5M

0.5M

SECTION 1 SECTION 1 SCALE 1:100

SECTION 2 SECTION 2 SCALE 1:100

1:00PM 1:00PM

3:00PM 3:00PM

5:00PM 5:00PM 59

LIVING ROOM LIVING ROOM 3 2 1 KITCHEN KITCHEN

BATHROOM BATHROOM

BEDROOM 1 BEDROOM 1 MASTER MASTER BEDROOM BEDROOM BEDROOM 2 BEDROOM 2 4 5

EXPLOTED AXONOMETRIC

60

3 2

STRUCTURAL AXONOMETRIC 1. WOOD FRAMING 2. ADOBE 3. GALVANIZED TUBES 1. WOOD FRAMING 4. POLYCARBONATE PANELS 2. ADOBE 3. GALVANIZED TUBES 4. POLYCARBONATE PANELS 61

DECEMBER 21ST

9:00AM WEATHER DATA Relative humidity: 77% Wind Speed: 9mph Dew point Temperature: 53 Degrees F Dry bulb temperature: 61 Degrees F JUNE 21ST

3:00PM SOLAR DATA Sunrise: 5:34AM Sunset: 8:06PM Azimuth: -73.06 Degrees

3:00PM

9:00AM WEATHER DATA Relative humidity: 88% Wind Speed: 7mph Dew point Temperature: 45 Degrees F Dry bulb temperature: 49 Degrees F PREVAILING WINDS

3:00PM SOLAR DATA Sunrise: 8:09AM Sunset: 5:38PM Azimuth: -31.4 Degrees

3:00PM TEMPERATURE RANGE

62

SUMMER

WINTER

63

64

Relvy Moronta

65

FIELD HOUSES This concept works with a new configuration of spaces in which public and private space mix with each other. Houses are articulated to attack and retreat from public space. The configuration of the first floor flows into the neighborhood creating a more dynamic field. The entrance of the house breaks the corner with a voids and angles invading the street. This creates a blurring of the fields of spatial ownership in the neighborhood.The master plan breaks the monotony of this type of public housing by positioning the dwellings in the front and in the back of each lot. This way the houses gain more sun light and independence. The contrast of the black and white surfaces of the houses further destroy the typical minimal box that characterize social housing projects.

66

N
67

68

69

First Floor Plan Scale 1:100

Second Floor Plan Scale 1:100

70

Fundation Plan Scale 1:100

East Elevation Scale 1:100

North Elevation Scale 1:100

West Elevation Scale 1:100

South Elevation Scale 1:100 71

Second floor wall partition

1.200 m x 2.400 m Sip Panel

Floor Sheating

Structural Axonometric 72

9 Z E

First floor wall partition

935 mm x 6.000 m ZINC-ALUM Acanaladas de Onda ESTNDAR

73

74

Joseph Kim

75

RURAL FILTRATION The reconstruction of Llico should be sustainable, constructed promptly, and resilient to tsunamis. This proposal builds 60 homes at the entrance of the town on top of a slightly raised ground that places the new reconstructed neighborhood 7 mt. above the sea level. The master plan chooses to reinforce the towns core. The houses are built with Structural Insulated Panels that would allow quick construction and high insulation value. The north facing walls of the houses have Trombe walls that will aid in increasing the interior temperature during the cold winters in this area. The houses are raised on top of 1m piloti foundations insulating the house from the ground temperatures and giving privacy by slightly detaching the dwellings from the street level. Low cost wood sidings that will be recycled from the houses destroyed by the tsunami will be applied in the exterior. As the new neighborhood ages and tree grows, the layers of wood skin will create a vertical density that will resemble to that of a forest, which will give to the streets of Llico a fresh warm feeling.

Chile

Santiago Llico

76

Street Plan

Master Plan

77

78

79

A A

105 105
B B

100 120
C C

116 120 600

D

630

164 120

135

144

F F

300 585

285

300 585

285

Foundation Plan

1st Floor Plan

105

105

100

100

630 280 280

630

144

144

300 585

285

300 585

285

2nd Floor Plan 01 80

2nd Floor Plan 02

255

617

255

107

300

292 1185

292

300

Section A

255

617

255

107

105

100 630

280

144

Front Elevation

Section B 81

1. Parapet 2. Roof Frame 3. 2nd Floor Frame 4. 1st Floor Frame 5. Foundation 6. Trombe Wall 7. Wood Siding 8. SIP

82

Axonometric

Axonometric 1st Floor

Axonometric 2nd Floor

83

Street View 02

84 Street View 03

Radiation Heat from Walls

Trombe Walls: Trombe walls have vents at the top and bottom of the walls. The vents are operable. They are closed during the night at winter.

Su

nl ig h

80

January 2nd

The 60 new houses are located in the residential area. Lot size: 7.5m X 20m

50

April 2nd

30

July 2nd

Trombe Wall South

Street

Trombe Wall North

1m

Trombe Wall: Since Chile is located on southern hemisphere, the sun rises from North. In order to keep the Trombe wall functional, houses on the north side of the street have different entrance point.

The houses are raised on top of 1m piloti foundations insulating the house from the ground temperatures and giving privacy by slightly detaching the dwellings from the street level. 85

86

Andrea Preciado-Reynoso

87

ZIGZAG CLUSTER CONNECTION This scheme builds 60 reconstructed homes in the intersection of the roads to Arauco and Lavapie. The proposal creates a new front to the city, 7 mt. above the sea level. The geometry of the houses consists of two cubes covered with a black surface. The architecture will allow for future expansion of the houses in the form of patches in the existing building. These patches will mimic the rural cluster houses that grow in any town when they are seen from the distance, however the zigzagging black surface that runs along the streets will keep a uniform connection between all the houses. The black frontal surface is a trombe wall that always faces north and that collects the heat from the sun to raise passively the interior temperature of the dwellings. The houses will be build of SIP panels, except for the north-facing wattle and daub trombe walls.

PLACE MASTER PLAN

88

PLACE MASTER PLAN

89

House facing north for North Elevation

House facing south for South Elevation

90

91

House 1

Scale 1:100 total= 46.26 sq mt

House 1 Section A Scale 1:100

House 1 Front elevation facing north Scale 1:100

92

House 2

Scale 1:100 total= 50.8 sq mt 1.2192 sip panel 1.524 glass

House 2 front elevation facing north Scale 1:100

House 2 section A Scale 1:100

93

Sub flooring: Oriented strand board 4x8 Space joints 1/8

2x6 Wood joist @ 60 cm O/C Rim joist

White wood flooring

Wood frame for adobe

Adobe painted in black

Sip panel

2 x 8 wood joist @ 60 cm o/c 1st house-1st floor Axonometric 94

2x8 Wood joist @ 60 cm o/c

Wood frame for adobe Adobe painted in black Wood siding

White wood flooring

1st house- 2nd floor Axonometric

95

Wind rose

96

97

98

Monica Mamani

99

RURAL CUBES The aim of this proposal is to create new affordable houses for the town of Llico, Chile. The scheme suggests the creation of a new interior neighborhood between the main road and the civic areas of the town were the school is located. There are only two types of very simple cube dwellings in the new neighborhood. However, the variations in size, location, and color of the residences play with the idea of disintegration in these traditionally monotonous developments. The house sits in a foundation high above the ground indicating the wish to leave the house untouched for visual, conceptual, and thermal reasons. The elevated cube is constructed using SIP panels. The exterior is covered with corrugated metal siding, while the interior is purely white and open. The shifting and rhythms maintain the simple geometry of the residences but allows for new levels of privacy, views, and the sun to enter each building. The orientation of the building allows for cross ventilation and specific neighborhood views. The facades include different windows sizes and trombe walls. The first windows are dependent on the preferred views while the trombe walls are placed according to the sun path. The architecture becomes the basis for a larger cultural perspective on the idea of the home, seclusion, and community.

100

Llico, Chile Master Plan

101

OPTION 1: HOUSE TYPE A

FIRST FLOOR PLAN HOUSE TYPE A SCALE: 1:100

SECOND FLOOR PLAN HOUSE TYPE A SCALE 1:100

102

FRONT ELEVATION HOUSE TYPE A SCALE: 1:100

LONGITUDINAL SECTION AA HOUSE TYPE A SCALE 1:100

103

OPTION 2: HOUSE TYPE B

FIRST FLOOR PLAN HOUSE TYPE B SCALE: 1:100

SECOND FLOOR PLAN HOUSE TYPE B SCALE: 1:100

THIRD FLOOR PLAN HOUSE TYPE B SCALE: 1:100

104

FRONT ELEVATION HOUSE TYPE B SCALE: 1:100

CROSS SECTION BB HOUSE TYPE B SCALE 1:100

105

House Type A Axonometric Legend

1.Corrugated Metal 2.Wood Roof Framing 38X140mm (2X6) 3. Floor Sheating 4. Wood Framing Second Level 5. Floor Sheating 6.Wood Framing First Level 38X140mm (2X6) 7. Footing Foundation 8. Sip Panel 9. Internit 6Mm 10. Corrugated Metal Siding

106

House Type B Axonometric Legend

1.Corrugated Metal 2.Wood Roof Framing 38X140 Mm (2X6) 3. Floor Sheating 4. Wood Framing Third Level 5. Floor Sheating 6.Wood Framing Second Level 38X140 Mm (2X6) 7. Floor Sheating 8. Wood Framing First Level 38X140 Mm (2X6) 9. Footing Foundation 10. Sip Panel 11. Internit 6Mm 12.Corrugated Metal Siding

107

Panel Connection Isonometric 1. Foam Expansion Slot (Vertical Wire Chase) 2. Eps 3. Osb Splines Nailed 203Mm On Center 1. Electrical Chase 2. Rim Joist 3. Foundation 4. Floor Joist

Foundation Connection

108

Sunpath Diagram Concepcion, Chile

Prevailing Winds Diagram Concepcion, Chile

109

110

Additional Studies

Alfredo Anda, Ph.D. Mauricio Gonzlez

112

113

114

115

116

117

Opcin 1

6.00

6.00

25.00

118

Planta Baja Sitio = 150 m2 ; Vivienda = 60 m2

25.00

N
N

3.20

Varia. No mas de 70 cm.

3.20

Varia. No mas de 70 cm.

3.30

1.60

9.38

2.10

9.38

1.88

Planta Baja 30 m2

4.08

1.60

2.00

1.20

Primera Planta 30 m2

6m
N

3m

.5 m 0m +5 nivel del mar

1:100

Corte A-A

119

Opcin 2

6.00

6.00

25.00

120

Planta Baja Sitio = 150 m2 ; Vivienda = 60 m2

25.00

3.20 1.45
A

1.45
Varia. No mas de 70 cm.

3.20

Varia. No mas de 70 cm.

3.30

1.60

9.38

9.38

1.60
B

1.20

2.00

4.08

6m

6m
N

3m

3m

.5 m 0m +5 nivel del mar

.5 m 0m +5 nivel del mar

1:100

Corte A-A

Corte B-B

Planta Baja 30 m2

4.08

Primera Planta 30 m2

121

122

Expostsismo Yumbel Feria Emprendimiento para la Reconstruccin Sustentable

Construccin con Madera y Barro

123

Alfredo Andia Mauricio Gonzalez

Lucille Malacouti

Daniela Motta Andrea Preciado Joseph Kim Kevin Gurley

Relvy Moronta Monica Mamani Johana Bohorquez