APXAJCKE

HEKPOITOflE

JY)KHE ITEflArOHIIJE
KJIlrcypy KpOS paceilllHe nJIaHMHCKor lvlopHoBa, XpJIehlI y cycpeT BapAapy. Ha BHCOHO"1 KillIY OBor ITJIaTOa Aym oKyI<e peKe HacTaje y BpeMe 0 KOMe rOBOpHi'110 l.\eo HES paBHUX HeKponOJIa: Ha XYMl.\H TIporoH, He,n;aJIeKO AaHalllIher plI6apCKor ras,n;UHCTBa EYKPH, JIe}J{lI HajS3.llaAmlja OA IhEX; OKO 3 I<i'l1.Ha MJM HaJIaSe ce rp06HBH 01KonaHH TOKOM I CBeTCKor paTa (EyKplIqKH BHc)2. OKO 1,5 KM. Ha GH 0A OBHl{, Ha XYMl.\H EeJIa U;pKBa HacnpaM ylllha J eJIalllKe peKe y U;pHy JIe}J{H cJIe,n;eha HeKpollorra, a jOlll 2 Km. Ha HCTOK, nOA caMHM CeJIOM EpOA, Hel{pOnOJIa Capaj. I1ap KHJJOmeTapa jY}KHlIje 0A OBor RHsa, KO,n; ceJIa )KHBOjHO, HaJIaSH ce jOlll je,n;Ha HeKpOnOJIa OBor BpemeHa, Ha MecTy rpo60T (EeJIH KaMeHoBH). ,D;BaAeceTaK KHJIOMeTapa Ha CM o,n; OBe cKymme, KOA ceJIa Parrelll, 30BHK H rpaAelllHUl.\a, HaJIaSe ce rp060BYl HCTor Tlirra H HCToBpeMeHH IlpeTxo,n;HHM. OBU cy CMelllTeHH y Hajjy}J{Hl1jeM ,n;eJly MapuoBcKe BHcopaBHH; rrpacnpH npHcTyn y oBaj Kpaj BOAH KJIlICypOM U;pHe lIS OHor AeJIa paBHHl.\e y KOMe JIe}J{e HaJIaSlIlllTa rpyne EpOA-)KIIBOjHO, a TaKolje H rrpeKO IIJIaIDIHCKOr npeJIasa KpaBHl.\a Ha i'lJaClIBY KajMaKqaJIaHa ca jyroHcToKa, us MaKe,n;OHCKe 06JIaCTH AJIMonnja.

,D;y60Ka npeBHpaIha Ha rro,n;pyqjy HJIMpO-neOHCKOr eTHOCa TOKOl\\ VI BeI-<a CT. e., HsaSBaHa rrojaqaHHM BesaMa ca JyroM M y6psaHa KpyIIHHM nOJIMTHqKMJ'1 rrpOMeHai'lJa Kao H eTHoreHeSOM Ha,n;MohHHX jy}KHMX cyce,n;a, MaKe,n;oHal.\a, o,n;pa}KeHa cy y apXeOJIOi"Hjl1 paljarbeM jegHe HOBe, MaKe,n;OHCKO-I1JIHpCKe MaTepHjaJIHe KyJIType KacHoapxajcKHx 06eJIemja. rpylla HaJIaSa l1S I1eJIaroHHje KOjll he y OBOM pa,n;y 6HTH rrpeTpeCeHa, yrroTrryIhyje sallamaIha y BeSM Tor np06JIeMa aJIM HaM OTKpHBa H HSBeCHe MOMeHTe KojH cy npeTX0,n;HJIH HCTOj HUS HOBHX eJIeMeHaTa MaTepHjaJIHe 11 gyxoBHe KyJIType KOjM CYKl.\eCMBHO MSBHpy HS XeJIeHCKe KyJITypHe cepe MeIhajyhH HS OCHOBa ,n;OTa,n;alllIhH xaJIlllTaTCKM KapaKTep I1eJIaroHHje. HaJIasH 0 KojHMa je peq cy rp06oBH, oTKpuBaHu KOHTHHYHpaHO TOKOMnOCJIegIhHx AeCeTaK ro,n;HHa. Y 1954 rOAHHU, y jeKY BeJIHKHX rrOJbOnpHBpeAHHX H MeJIHOpal.\HOHHX pa,n;OBa y I1eJIarOHl1jH, 6HTOJbCKH Mysej je 06aBelllTeH sa pasopeHe rp060Be I{OA ceJJa EpOA (JIOKaJIHTeTI1 I1poroH-EyKpH, EeJIa U;pKBa H Capaj) U EepaHl.\H (JIOK. I1eTHJIen), Ha KojHMa je H HHTepBeHHcao. OBHMa ce npHAPYmyjy TOKOl\\ cJIeAehHX rOAHHa cpoAHe H IIcToBpemeHe HeKponone KOA ceJIa )KHBOjHO, 30BHK, rpap;elllHI1l.\a, Panelll, rp060Be Koje cy HeKOHTpOJIHCaHO OTBapaJIH MelllTaHH. ',D;oca,n;a je rry6JIHKOBaH cai'110 ,n;eo OBHX HaJIaSa sa nap Ha6pojaHHX HeKpOnOJIa nOCToje npeTXOAmr HJIH onlllHpHHjH HSBelllTajM H 6eJIelllKel, MeljyTHi'l1 Cnel.\HH'lliOCT OBor maTepHjaJIa Koja je AocaAa HSMHl.\aJIa sallamaIhHMa OHHX KOjH cy ,n;OJIaSHJIH y KOHTaKT C IhMM saXTeBa Aa ce AOTaKHeMO H Ihera y OKBHpy l.\eJIa rpyne.

Mapma -

30eUK

JY}I{HO OA neKa,n;alllIher ceJIa EyKpH (ca,n;a paSBaJIHHe), Ha 3 AO 6 K"1. sarra)J;HO OA ceJIa EpOA, npyma ce y rrpaBl.\Y 3-M HHCKH yCTanacaIllI ITJIaTO EYKPHtJKH BHc, KojH ca CBOjHX 30-40 "1. Ha,n;BHlllyje MO'!BapHY paBHHl.\y jYlliHor ,n;erra I1eJIaroHHje. U;pHa PeKa, AOJIasehH ca ceBepa, cYK06Jbyje ce ca OBOM npenpeKoM no,n;pHBajyhH TBPAe ceAHMeHTe HaTarromeHe jOlll npli OTHl.\aIhY HeKaAalllIher I1eJIarOHCKor jesepa; npaBehH orpoMaH JIYK, OHa cKpehe Ha ceBepOHCTOK Aa 6H rrpocTpyraJIa 80-aK KHJIOMeTapa ,n;yry
1 n. Ma'llOlli-.II:. CHMOCKa, HaO):lB Ha 6HTOJlCKHOT MY3ej BO c. EYKpH, BecIDlK Ha MY3ejcKo-KoH3epBaTopcKo ):IpymTBO Ha HPM, III/I, CKonje 1955, 26-30; - n. Ma'ililili-.II:, CHMocKa, B. Tp6yXOBHB., PaHOXaJlIlITaTCKa HeKpOnOJla Capaj y Epo):ly, CTapHHap H.C., XI, 1960, 199 H ):I.; E. JOCH<pOBCKa, M3BeuITaj 3a 3allITHTHOTO HCKonyBaIhe Ha e):lHa )<;aJlllITaTCKa rpo6mlI.\a 0):1 CeJlOTO )J:(HBOjHO, rO):l. 360pHHK Ha <PHJl030cPCKHOT cPaKyJlTeT, RH. 15, CKonje 1963, 287-310. Mcra MeljyTHM He cnOMBIhe ):IBa 3HaqajHa HaJla3a O.l\aTJle 3JlaTHy KynacTy HaYllIHHllY B3 rp06IDlI.\e 6p. 3, npO):laTy 0):1 MellITaHa EHTOJhCKOM MY3ejy H ):Ieo 6poH3aHe ):IBojHe HrJle Tpe6eIDlllIHor THna, 3aBe):leHy y ApxeoJI. MY3ejy, CKonje, nO):l BJl. K. 6p.

MCTO'lHH Kpaj HHCKor Be~a MapTa saBplllaBa ce Ha OKO 600 M. ceBepHO o,n; ceJIa l\\aIhOM rJIaBlIl.\oM CTpMHX CTpaHa (rOpHa U;pKBa), Koja je Kao MaJIO HaCeJbe sanoce,n;HYTa HSrJIeAa lICTOBpeMeHO KatIa ce Ha ysaHoM rpe6eHY, OKO 200 M. sarra,n;HO o,n; Ihera, yl'OrraBa M:JIha KeKpOrrOJIa o Kojoj je pe'!. rp060BH Ha OBOj IIJIHTKO cy yKorraHH H JIaKO ce HaJIaSe opaIheM. I1PlI rrOCeTlI HaJIaSlIlllTY 1963 r. SaTeqeHa cy ,n;Ba oTBopeHa II rroJIYsacYTa rp06a; TO cy ,n;y60K1I 11 rrpoCTpaHH KaMeHH KOB'!eSll-l.\1ICTe, ,n;y}J{HHe HelllTO HaA 2 l\\. 11lllHpHHe 1,10 11 1,15 l\\, npaBlIJIHO rpaljenn OA BeJIHKHX H ,n;e6eJIHX ITJIoqa, 06paljeHHX ,n;eJIHl\\lIqHO ,n;neTOM. OpHjeHTHcaHH cy y rrpaBl.\y C- J. :Hs je,n;Hor nOTHqe BpX }I{eJIeSHOr KOnJba (C:JAa Hsry6JbeHo), liS ,n;pyror nocYAa (caAa Y ApxeoJI. l\\ysejy, CKonje); TO je ,n;y6wa Tp6ylllacTa SAeJIa l.\pBeHO neqeHa, ca ne'!YpK:JcTllM ,n;ogal.\Hl\\a Ha TpaKaCTHl\\ APlllKama, yKpallleHa 60raTlli'll60jeHHM 0pHal\\eHTOl\\ Ci'llelje 60je (CJI. 2a).

lletuma -

rpaoeut1iut/a

HerryH KMJIOMeTap ceBeposarrap;HO o,n; ceJIa p;lI}J{e ce HaA AOJIIIHOl\\ rpaAelllKe PeKe AOMIlHaHTHlI rrJIaTO I1elllTa, nOTrryHo m{OMlITlIX CTpaHa, KopHlllheH I<ao yTBpljeHo Ha2 P. nOnOB, rp06HH HaXO):lKH 0):1 XaJlllITaTCKa enoxa, CmlcaHIle Ha EJlr. AKa):leMHja Ha HayKHTe, HH. 16, COcPHja 1918,110 H):I.

ceJbe O.n; BpeMeHa YKonaBaIha rp060Ba I{oje heMo .n;one rroMeHyTH .n;o y llCTOpllcKy erroxy; cy.n;ehH no He06HtIHO BeJIHKo,v16pojy Hanas a (yrnaBHoM rpLIKll H ~laKe.n;CHCKll HOBaI.\) OBO je 6llno CBaKaKOHajBehe HaCeJbe npe.n;pHMCKe erroxe y nHlpoj OKonHHll. ApxajcKll rp060Bll rrOCTaBJbeHll cy Ha ysaHO~'l rpe6eHy, je.n;llHOMrrp}IJ1asy HaCeJbY, OKO 300 11'1. lcToLIHHje. l OpaIDeM je OTKpHBeH Behll 6poj rp060Ba, BeOMa nIDITKO YKorraHllx no.n; rroBpIliHHY; OBll cy rpa~eHll o.n; BerrllKllX II .n;e6eIDIX IIJ10LIa, .n;OCTarrpaBllrrHo 06pa~eHIlx .n;neTOM (llcTe MeIliTann Ba.n;e II KopHcTe Kao ropIDe rrnOLIe H:J.n; ca.n;aIliIDIHIrp060BH1I'la Ha ceOCKOM rp06Jby, r.n;e llX je .n;OCTa eBll.n;eHTllpaHo). BOLIHe (cTpaHllLIHe) IIJ10LIe rp060Ba, Kao II Ha .n;pyrllM llcToBpeMeHH~l HeKpononaMa, HCTecaHe cy llS je.n;Hor KOMa.n;aH H1I'IIIpeclloHHpajy .n;y}KllHOM, lillpllHOM II I .n;e6JbHHoM. IIPH rroceTH HanasllIliTY 1963 r. saTeLIeHa je je.n;Ha Herrocpe.n;Ho OTBopeHa I.\llCTa o.n; npaBllnHO YKrrOnJbeHllX rrrrO'la (CTI1LIe ce CKOpO YTllcaK capKo<para), .n;Hl'rleHsHja 2,10 x 1,20 x 0,85 (0,90) M. Ys llCTy je OTKorraHaH MaIDa Ka~'leHa aHTpOrr01l'IOp<pHa CTena (BllcoKa 0,95 j~l), Koja je cTojarra Ha.n;rrraBOM YMpnora - Ha ceBepHoM Kpajy rp06a (en. 1 b). HHje HaM rrOSHaT HH je.n;aH nOTrryH saTBopeH rp06Hll Harras; o):(aTne j e HCKonaHa 6pOHS8Ha nyLIHa <pll6yna (y Apxeorr. Mysejy, CKorrje - B. cn. :I h), >KeneSHll BpX KOrrJba, BllIlie MUHHjaTypHllX 6poHsaHllx Kp'la>KHha ca KOco saceLIeHll,'l BpaToM, nap BeOMa IliHPOKllX rpHBHH 0):( pe6pacTor 6poHsaHor Jll!J)la, je.n;Ha <pH6yna HaOLIapKa.

Kpaher Bpe1l'IeHCKOr pas.n;c6Jba. HaHMe, HS nap rp060Ba pasopeHHx 1954 r., rrpHKyrrJbeHH cy sa 6HTOJbCKHMysej cnep;ehll Han8SH: 6poHsaHH Iline,,'l rpLIKo-HIDlpcKor TI1Ua, <ppar1l'leHTH6poHsaHe TaHKe rpHBHe H .n;BojHe Erne-yKocHElie, .n;eo .n;BoeeKnor KpeTaCTor MaLIao.n;>Kenesa, BpX >KeneSHor KOnJba, Kao II .n;eceTaK rnllHeHHX nocy.n;a <p}IHe lispa.n;e, paljeHYIX Ha BHTny (KpaTep, xHP;pHje, CKfI<poe, KannYrga, KOTOHll) (cn. 5 a-f, 6a).

OKO 1.2 KM ceBepOHCTO'lHO 0):( cena, Ha HllCKOMrpe6eHy BOIliKoBKa KOjH ce crryIliTa nOCTeneHO Ka KJIHCypU Up He PeKe, Ha l'rlecTy KaMeHOT{( (CnaMa), BnaCHHK je.n;He o.n; IDHBa OTBOpllO je npe nap ro.n;UHa je.n;aH rp06, LIUjH je I.\enOKynHH llHBeHTap saTU~l .n;ocneo y 6HTOJbCKH Mysej. IIpeMa HaKHa.n;HojnpOBepn rp06 je 6HO rpa~eH llCTO TaKO o.n; BeJIHKllX nrrOLIa, THlla I.\llCTe. Ms IDera rrOTHLIe: rrap paCKOIliHOYKpaIlieHlIX 6pOHsannx rpllBHH ca YKpIliTeHH1I'1 pajeBllMa (jaIDeBCKH THn), MllHHjaTypHll 6pOHS:JHH K rrp}IBeClIH y 06JIHKy rrTHlIe, CBHIDe H KpLIa}KHha ca KOCO llspesaHHM YCTHMa,Kao li MaIDHrIDIHeHll KpLIar CliBe 60je, ca KOCOHspesaHOM sa.n;IDOMCTpaHOMBpaTa, <pHHe llspa.n;e (cn. 3 a-d). JIpOZOll - EYKPU .uy60KllM opaIDeM pasopeH je 1954 r. BehH 6poj rpo6JBa, HO H pe.n;oBHa npeopaBaIDa CBaKe rO)J;HHe OIliTeTe rrOHeKli HOBll, TaKO .n;a je .n;aHac lIena rroBpIliHHa OBe HeKporrone (OKO 0.5 xeKTapa) yrra):(JbHBO 06ene>KeHa HSBy'leHllM H llSrrOMJbeHHMKOMa.n;llMa nOLIa, o.n; KOjllX cy rpon 60BH rpa~eHll. IIPH 06HnacKy TepeHa 1963 r. saTeLIeHa je Ha jyrolicToLIHoj rrepH<peplljll OBe HeKponone je.n;Ha CKOpO rrpe Tora OTKorraHa lIHCTa, rpa~eHa 0):( BerrllKllX npHTecaHI1XrrnOLIa (BeJIHKa 1.90 x 0.95 M), opHjeHTHc8Ha y npaBI.\Y C- J. IIpe1l'Ia llCK:JSy TpaKTopllcTa, BehllHa paHIIje OTBap:JHHX rp060Ba je HCTe oplljeHTaI.\l!je. Ms OBe I.\llCTe HSBa~eH je caMO MaIDll rrrllHeHH KpLIar rpy6e Hspa.n;e (cn. 5-.n;). .uOTllLIHa HeKponona rrpHna.n;ana je BeJIHKOMH SHaLIajHoM jy>KHOrrerrarOHCKOM HaCeJbY Koje ne>KH KojHX 300 M. jy>KHHje 0,U IDe a OSHaLIaBaBepOBaTHO nO'leTaK >KHBOTa Ha IbeMy3. Hu ea OBe HeKponone He1l'Ia1l'10 saTBopeHe rpc6He nerrllHe, Beh caMO nOMeIliaHe rpo6He Hanase - Cpeh01l'1HS
en. 1. AHTponoMopqJHe CTene Ca. )KHBOjHO, b. rpap:eunmlla, c. EepaHllH). - Fig. 1. Steles amhropomorphes Ca. Zivojno, b. Gradesnica, c. Beranci).

a) KepaMHKa

CBOjHM oc06eHocTHMa 60jeHo nocylje llS 30BlIKa, Kao H llcToBpeMeHHX rpo60Ba 6p. 4 li 11 liS Capaja-Bpo)]; (cn. 2b) H )KHBojHa (cn. 2c, d) LIllHHjeWIHCTBeHyrpyrry CTllnCKll II BpeMeHCKll yje)];HaLIeHy H orrpe)];eJbeHY. To cy yrnaBHoM rnOMaSHe BenllI{e rroey)];e, Me~YTHMBeOMa .n;o6pe Hspage, 'lBpCTO neLIeHe II <pI1He <paKType, >KyhKacTor .n;o lIPBeHor rrperrOMa, ca rroBpuHIHOM Koja je pe)];OBHOyrnaLIaHa; KO)];nojegHHHX rrpll,)lepaKa CTll'le ce YTllcaK BllTrra. YKpac je I1SBe)];eHlIPHO~l, ~IPKOMHIDI lIpBeHo-cMeljoM (H 6erroM) 60jOM, a 0pHa,~eHnI ce caCToje I1S paSmrLIllTI1XreoMeTpllCI<HXMOTHBa. MCTa rrpeTCTaBJba HOBI1HYHa OBOM 3 YIcfwnaBalha 6HTOJbCKOr MY3eja 1954. rop:. nOTBpP:Hna cy no)];py'ljy. HCTOBpeMeHOCT HajcTapHjHx Hana3a ca OBor HaceJba H HeKponone CBe HaBe)];eHe KapaKTepHeTHKe rroTrryHo o.n;roBapajy ITporoH; MaTepHjan y 6HTOJbCKOM MY3ejy, 3a npeTxop:HH H3BeUlTaj KepaMllI.\H cyce)];He MaKe)];OHCKeKaCHoreOMeTpHCKe rpyne B. Han. 1.

(ITaTelliI, LIaYIIlHI-\a)4. To rroTBp1)yjy II 06lliIIJ,II rrocyp;a: Ha rrpBom mecTy II OBp;e je jep;Hoyxu KpLIar ca KOCO H3pe3aHOlvl 3ap;lbom CTpaH~m BpaT", 3aTIlIvI p;y6oKe p;Boyxe rrocyp;e ca CTeIIllbeHHNI BpaTolvI LIllje TpaKaCTe p;plllKe y BHCOKom JIyKy Hap;BBIIlyjy o60p; rrOCJIep;lba eTarra }KIIBOTa OBor ayToxToHor maKep;OHCKor 06mma KOjB Ty }KHBll Y KOHTllHylITeTy op; 6poH3aHor p;06a. ITocyp;a 113 30BHKa HOCll Ha TemeHlllvla JIyLIHIIX P;plUKll rreLIypKac-re p;c,p;an<e, CJIHLIHO rrocyp;II II3 rp06a 6p. 3 Y Capajy-Epop;, TaKo1)e LIeCTa map;a MJIa1)a rrojaBa Ha KepamIII-\II cycep;He MaEep;oHlIje jaBJba ce y reO,)leTpIICFIIM TymyJIlIMa BepnIHe5, y paBHlIM rp060Bulvla y KC3aHllMa6, LIaYIIlIII-\II, OJIIIHTy7. ITpIIxBaTJbIIBO je II BpeMeHCKlI orrpaBp;8Ho NlHlUJbeIhe p;a ce OBa; crreI-\ucj:JUqHlI 06JIIIK pa3'BlIO y OBOM rrop;pyLIjy rrop; yTlII-\ajeM ey6ejcKe (xaJIKI1ACKe) TopeyTIIKe8. CJIep;ehy rpyrry Ba3a, 6pOjHO H3P;MOhHlljy, rrpeTCTaBJba crIBa Kepa~IBKa. PeJIaTlIBHO 'MHoro mJIa1)a OA 60jeHe reOMeTpIICKe, CBa I13pa1)eBI1Ha ce rrojaBJbyje y I-\eHTp8JIHoj NlaKep;oHIIjII Beh YKaCHoreOmeTpI1CKlIM paBHlIm rp060BUma H Ha HaCeJbHMa y TO Bpeme9, )Ia 6If y6p30 3ameHRJIa 60jeHY, 11 Ha HJIHpO-rreoHcKoM rrC'p;pyLIjy cap;a rrocTaje rJIaBHU rrpeTcTaBHBI< KepaMIIKe p;a 6u er3IICTlIpaJIa K?O jep;Ho op; CCHOBHI1X 06eJIe}Kja CBHX HaJIa3IflUTa OBor rrop;pyqja 6e3 rrpeKI1Aa p;o p;y60KO y pIfMCKy erroxy.

Camo rrocyp;a H3 ParrelUa HOCH jOill 06JIIIK rrpeTxO)1He erroxe - jep;HoyxB KpLIar ca KOCO H3pe3aHom 3ap;Iholvl cTpaHom BpaTa II jClU paljeHa PYKO~~, aJIII Beh BRCOKor KBaJIHTeTa H3pap;e II yrJIa'-IaHe rroBpIIlHHe. Ba3e 1I3 ITporoHaEyKplI II Capaja-Epop;, pa1)eHe Ha BlITJIY II I13pa3BTe cyme AO /vIpEo-CYIBe 60je, Hoce pa3BBjeHe apxajcKe cj:Jop/vle. TaKBe cy rrpe CBera MaJIe xBp;pBje 1I3 ByKpn (CJI. 5c) tI Epo):13 (Kao H HajmJIa1)IIx rpo60Ba y TyMyJIy BI1CojII-BepaHI-\II), 6e3 rrpeTxop;HIIKa Ha OBOM rrop;pYLIjylO. Rao YKpac OKO BpaTa OBBX xllp;pIIja Teqe ycrrpaBHo pa3ByLIeHa I-\llK-I-\aK JIITHIIja, II3Bep;eHa mpKoM 60jom IIJIlI rrJIlITKO yrJIaLIaH01v1 CTpaJIyI-\IIAHOm TeXHIIKom; oBaj rrOCJIeAlblI HaLIIIH YKpaillaBalba jaBJba ce H Ha Tp6yxy ojHoxoe II3 rp06a 18 HeKpOrrOJIe Capaj-Bpop; (CJI. 5i), a 33 Hac je op; HecylvllbIIBo XpOHOJIOIIlKOr 3HaLIaja HCTa ce jaBJba Ha cyceAHll;)1 MaKeAoHCKHIvI HaJ1a3llIIlTBMa rrOCJIe 600-Te rOAlIHell. J eAaH APynI HaLIHH YKpalUaBalba - mpKo-CMelja cjajHa rrpeBJIaKa jaBJba ce Ha rrap rrccYAa HeKpOrrOJle Capaj-EpoA (B. CJI. 5h). OCTaJIe CI1Be Ba3e OBe rpyrre cy 6e3 BKaKBIIX YKpaca: CKIIcj:JOCIIca ycrrpam-IHm J1yqHlI,)1 APlUKaM:1 B3 06e HeKporrom~ (CJI. 5d), J-<ojlI Op;p}KaBajy jOill KaCHoreOMeTpIICKII 06J1IIK rr03HaT y KIIKJIaAcKoj KepaMlILIKoj rpYIIlI12, KOTOHII II3 o6e HeKpOrrOJ1e, ca ITporoHa-EyKpH J10rrTaCTa Earrrrllila B KpaTep 6e3 P;PlUKH H yByqeHIIM YCTHma.

Y Hailloj rpyrrH HeEpOrrOJIa 3aCTYUJbeHa je Ep03 pa3BIIjeHe II y Op;HOCy Ha 60jeHy EepaMIIEy HOBe H rroTrryHo XeJIeHII3HpaHe 06JIHEe, HaA}KHBJbyjyhH rrOrJ-lqHO 60jeHy rrpeTXOAHY Eoja ce jaBJba calvlO y rrOLIeTHOM EpaTEOM pa3A06Jby Ha6pojaHHx jY}KHOrrerraroHCKIIX HeKpOrrCJIa. Ty crrap;a BehII Aeo rp06Hor I1HBeHTapa H3 Capaja-Epop; H I-\eo MaTepHjaJI 1I3 HeEporrorre ITporoH-EyKpH, Koja .rrY}KliHOM yrrOl pe6e CBaEaKo p;0CTH}Ke liCTeE VI BeKa.
4 S. Casson, Macedonia Thrace and Illyria, Oxford 1927, 150. fig, 63; 147, fig. 56; - L. Rey, Bohemica, Albania IV, 1932, 49, 50; W. A. Heunley, Prehistoric Macedonia, Cambridge 1939, 125, 252. PI. XXIII; 3a TaKaB crryqajHfl HaJIa;3 113 oKorrHHe EHTOJba (>KHBOjHO?) B. n, raparnaHHH, 113 6poH3aHor ,l:\o6a MaKe,l:\OHHje,MY3ejl1 7, 1952, 55 H ,1:\, S M, Andronikos, Praktika 1953 (195(,). 146, fig. 7; 155, fig, 18; - G, Daux, Chronique des fouilles BCH LXXXIV-1960/II, 784, fig. 11. G G. Kallipolitou-D. Feytmam, y Arc. Ephemeris 1948/49, 85-111, fig. 23, No, 34. , D. M. Robinson, Excavations at Olynthus, part. V, Baltimoore 1933, 24, 53; PI. 24-26, 57. 8 Ibid. , W. A. Heurtley, op. cit. 105, 106; S. Casson, op. cit. 147.

3aHlilvlJbliBO je rrpaTHTH rrp0)10p CHBe EepaMIIKe II p;aJbe Ha ceBep, Ha rrp. Y cyceAHo rreOHCl<O rroAPyLIje. Y BeJIliKliM P0i-\OBCKHM TymymIMa Ha OpJIOBC.j LIYEli-KapaopmaH KOP; IIlTHrra OBa KepaMliKa jOill rroTrrYHO Hep;ocTaje; iI1e1)YTII~~y HelUTO MJIaljIIiI1, 1v13J1IIM KameHHM rp06HI1m xylvlEaMa y PaAalbII OBJIap;aJIa je y TOJ11IKOj mepII Aa je Beh paBH<.'rrpaBHa aYTOXToHoj rpy60j XaJIillTaTcKoj I<epamliI-\H jOlU pa1)eHoj pyEom. Me1)y 06JIIII-\HIvIa Ty je rroce6HO 38}IHMJbI1Ba p;plUKa y BliP;y K0J10HeTa jeAHOI' KpaTepa I1 AY60Ea jeAHoyxa IIlOJba ca MaJII1M II3BpaheHHM 060P;01vl13 eJIemeHTH EOjH HalvI olvloryhyjy i-\a ca BehoM BpemeHCEOIvI TaLIHoillhy rrpaTliMO rrpop;op OBe EepaMliEe Ha ceBep. Crre10 B. ErraBaTcKHj, I1cTopHja aHTl1'-lHoj paCI1HCHoj KepaMHI{H, MocKBa 1953, 41, 6p. 37. 11 W, A, Heurtley op. cit., 107. 12 Ch. Dugas, Exploration archeolcgique de Delos Paris 1934, 50, 52, Pi. XXIX-XXXII, fig. 49-89, 13 Ivl. H n. raparnamIH, I1cKOI1aBalba y cerry Pa,l:\albY Ha rroK. KPHBH norr, 360pHHK Ha IIITHI1CKHOT My3ej I, IIITHI1 1959, 17, 18 (crr. 23, 27; - W. A. Heurtley, op. cit., 239, No. 501, 503; p. 107 - 3a o6mlK rnOJbe ca H3BYQeHHM 060,l:\OMKOjH ce Be3yje 3a BpeMe I10crre 600-Te rO,l:\HHe.

p;ehH i'llOllleHaTBeh rroTrryHy rro6e,uy CHBe KepaMliKe Hap; cTapHj01'l1xaJUllTaTCKOM. 6aceHy EperanHHl\e rrOTBpy p;l1nl1 cy KaCHoapxajcKI1 rp060mr HeKporrone rOpHO IIone-KapaOpi\laH KOP;lllTHrra (ca apxajcKHM. HOBl\e1'l1 rrOqeTKa ca V BeKa cT.e.). CI1Ba Kepaimma ca pa3rnep;aHHX jymHorrenaroHcKHx HeKporrona rrpei'lla CBHM.06enemjliilla Mome p;a ce CTaBH y Bpe,)le op; rrOqeTKa VI BeKa rra Hap;aJbe; Mel)yTHM.,i'llHoro je TOKe 06jacHliTli lbeHO rropeKno. To Hlije rrpBopa3pep;Ha HnH cnHKaHa xeneHCKa p06a p;a 6li je rrplirrlicanH HeKOM rr03HaTHjeM xeneHCKOM Kepai\\HqKOi'll Kpyry. HarrpoTHB, HCTOBpeMeHli liMrropToBaIDI K01'l1ap;HVI BeKa p;OcnenH y MaKep;oHHjy ca jyra jSCHOce pa3nKIKyjy op; rrpeTCTaBHliKa Hawe rpyrre (apxajcKH KlmapCKH aM<popHCKOCli 3 BeprliHe H H OmIHTa, KOpHHTCKap06a li3 Bapp;apo<pl\e li Kanall13plije,

rnrp;e H3 EyKpH1S, 3aTHM KOTOHH,TlirrH'IHO 06eJIemje KOPliHTCKor KepaMHqKOr Kpyra VII-VI BeKa16; oBaj 06J1UK er3HCTHpa Ha MaKep;OHCKOi'li TJIy TOKOMVI li V BeKa (HeKpOrrOJIa y AjBaclirry, 3ejTHHnHKy, MliKpa-Kapa6YPyHY, K03aIDt )17. 3a CKH<poce Ci\1O liCTaKJIH CnHqHOCT ca HeWTO CTapHjHl)106muWM H3 JOHHje; OBOM Kpyry Tpe6a li3rJIep;a p;op;anr H 06JIHK KpaTepa ca yByqeHUM YCTHi\lali 6e3 P;pWKH il3 EyKpli - CBaKaKO orrOHawalbe rr03HaTor 06JIUKa 6pOH3aHHX rrpHMepaKa KOju ce jaBJbajy Ha HaWHi'l1KaCHoapxajCKI1i\1 aJIa3liWTliMa (Tpe6eHHwTe, I1enlJIerr-EepaHl\I1). Ty H 6H Haj3ap; MOrJIH cBpcTaTll H jep;aH op; HajJIerrWIDCH HajBpe,!l;Hlijnx Hana3a 113 Epop;a, aM<pOpHCKKBanKlTeTHe H3pa,ue (CJI. 5j), yKpaweH 60jeHHM XOpli30HTaTIHliMnapaJIeJIHHi'l1 rrpyraMa OKOrrocyp;e (CMel)e rrpyre fla cjajHoj 6nep;o-myhKacToj OCHOBH).OBaj p;eKopaTHBllli CTHJICpehei\lO H Ha llCTOBpeMeHHi'l1 a3aMa ll3 HOBOOTKpHBeHHX B rp060Ba y 'BeBl)enHjll, Ha rrap apxajcKHx Ba3a li3 JJ:eMllp Kanlije H p;pyrnx HaJIa3lilllTa OBor nop;pY'Ija18. OBaj jep;HocTaBHH H rro KOHl\eTIl\Hjli II <pYHKl\1imraJIHOCTll JIaKO npllXBaTJbHBH 60jeHli i'lIOTHB,KOjli Byqe rropeKno jom OlJ i'lIllKeHCKehepaMllKe, OmHBJbaBa li y HI13Y KaCHl-JjllxxeneHCKHX pap;HOHHl\a, 1I1e1)YTlii'1 BpeMe 0 KojeM y paCrrpaBJbaMO Op;p}KaOce cai'110jom y HeKliM rrepll<pepHIHI rpynaMa, KaKBH cy Harrp. HeKH apxajcKH 6eOTCKli Hmr rrpOCTl'IjH jOHCKHrrpHMepl\li. I1oce6Ho Hac rrpHBJIaqe OBH rrOCJIe.[(lbH- C lbHMa y Be3Y p;OBep;eHHcy y Be3Y H TaKBll HaJIa3li OBor BpeMeHa ca jom je,!l;Hor, HaMa cyce,uHor p;ena rrepH<pepllje XeJIeHCKOr CBeTa, p;ym nOHTHCKliX 06SJIa19, OqnrJIep;HO je p;a ce Ty pap;li 0 JIOKannoj }}rrpOcToj jOHCKC.j KepaMlil\li Koja er3HCTHpa yrropep;o ca pa3BlijeHHjHM rrpeTCTaBHHl\liMa pOP;')CKo-joHcKor Kpyra H p;pynlM, HO qHje 6mI>Ke orrpep;eJbllBalbe jow rrpeTcTojli. BpaTHMO ce HaIID!M HaJIa3liMa - p;a nH CMei'lIOli 3a lbHX HaBeCTli liCTO rropeKJIO? OCliM yKpacHor MOTliBa 3a TO rOBopli li KapaIGePllCTliqHa rnHHa SM<pOPHCKS H3 Capaja-Epop; Kao 60Jber YBe3eHor rrpep;MeTa. Haj3ap; li apxajcKa KepaMHKa Ha rJIaCllHl\Y, 3ajep;Ho ca 6pc'H3aHliM <plijanaMa li HeKliM 11pyrl1M rrpep;MeTliMa CBaKaKO je jOHcKa20, a p;ocrrena je TOnHKO p;aneKO Ha ceBep03arrap; HajBepoBaTHHje rrpeKO Hallier rrop;pyqja, y CKJIOrry WlipOKor cTpyjalba li3 Ereje y TOi'lIe rrpaBl\Y II y TO BpeMe. OCTaje p;a 3aKJbyqlll\1O cJIep;ehe: pa3BlijeHH HOBH 06JllilIll Kepai'lllll<e pal)eHe Ha BJuny, 3penHX apxr jCKllX 06eJIemja II rrOHHKJIllXH3 xeneHCKor KynTypHor Kpyra, npeTCTaBJbanH 6ll CBaKaKO jep;ny op; 6POjHllX nepli<pepHllX op;HOCHO JIOKaJIHHX }}nonyxeJIeHCKHx Kepai'llH'IKliX rpyrr~, CTBapaHy y HalIIei'll crryqajy H3 MaKelJOHCKOM TJIY. 3a 6JlYme JIOl\lIpalbe 3aqeTaKa HCTe CBaKaKO rrpliB.rraqe IJamlbY 6pojHe "'{aJIKHp;CKei p;pyre jOHcKe KOJIOHHje Ha X3nKlil p;UKY;li Hi'lIIIOpTOBaHli rrplll\lepl\l1 cy CKOHl\eHTpliCaHli rn3By
15 M. Flot, CVA, France, Musee de Compiegne, Paris 1924, PI. 2, 7, 26; - S. Lambrino, CVA, France, Paris, Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris 1928, No.1, PI. 15, 14, 16, 17. 16 B. EJlaSaTclmj, op. cit. 17 L. Rey, Albania II (1927),48 H A., fig. 12; HCTH,HaCTasaK y Albania IV (1932), 67 H A., fig. 1, 16; - G. Daux, op. cit., BCH LXXXIII, 1959-II, 695. 18. 113 je.11Hor apxajcKor rpo6a-IlHCTe ca HeKponone Ha jyro3anaAHoj nepH<jJepHjH reBrenHje, oTBopeHor y npoJlehe 1963 r.' nOTHqy 5 TaKBHX Ba33, AenoHHpaHHx y ApxeoJl. MY3ejy, CKonje. 19. M. Lambrino, Les vases archaiques d'Histria, Bucuresti 1938; - T. I1saHoB, KepaMHKa OT rpaA CTanHH B. Co<jJHjcMaja MY3ej, JOHHjcKa Kepa~uIKa, 113BecTHja Ha apxeoJl . .11PYllieCTBo KH. IX, BapHa 1953,41, 42; - B. rajAYKeB.lq, HeKponoilll HeKOTOpHX 6ocnopcKHx ropOAOB, 11, TaMaHcKHj HeKponon, MocKBa-JIeHHHrpaA 1959, 183. 20. M. lIapoBHh-IIellIuKaH, 0 !<apaKTepy rpqKOr MaTepHja.'1a Ha rJlaCHHIlY U nyTeBuMa lberOBor npoAHpalba, CTapHHap R. c. XI, 1960, 26, 27.

CJl. 3. K2CHO reCMeTpHCKHMeT2JlHHHaJIa3H (a-d. PanellI, e. KpyllIeSl1l..\a, f. OKOJlHHa EHTOJba, g. )KHSOjHO, h. rpa.11ellIHHl..\a). Fig. 3. Trouvailles d'objets geometriques tarbifs (a-d. RapeS, e. Krusevica, f. environs de Bitolj, g. Zivojno, h. Gradesnica).

HeWTO Mnai)11 KOPI1HTCKli aTHqKli l\PHC'<pHrypaJIHl-JrrpliH Nlepl\li y lVlliKpa-Kapa6YPYHY). Pa3JII1KS je O'IlirJIep;HS, I'll l)Y1H:YIrrplicycTBO 11"moptoBaHlix Ba3a rrOMame HaM 11a e o6jacHl-mo 6ap rrojaBy HemlX 06mIKa Hawe rpyrre. 06mIK KpaTepa ca HOJIOHeTall'laMomeMO HajJIOrliqHHje CXBaTliTli I,ao eneMeHaT KOpliHTCKor Kpyra; Ha TO yrryhyje li apxajcKli FpaTep 113 Capaja-Epop; (CJI. 5h)14, 06JlHK JIOrrTaCTeKaJI-

HOt,l Ty H Y3 gOIf>e lloBagapje .. Me!)YTlIlVlHe CMeMOHcnyCTHTHHS BHga jegH}' Ba}KHYonaclq - Ha lIlHPOI{OMlV13KegoHcKolVlnpOCTOpy na H y lleJIaroHHjH ynoTpe6a BHTJIa TOKOlVl I BeKa je TOJIHKOeKcnaH3HBHa, 'ga Ha HalIlHM V HaJIaSHIIlTHMaBeh nOTnyHo oTcycTByje (Y3 nap HSy3eTaKa) Kepa"mKa pa!)eHa pyKOM. llpHxBaTallieM BHTJIa JIOEaJIHH rpHCJapll npeY3Hmajy H pa3BHjeHHje o6mme Kao lIlTO je npHxBaheH H HOBH TeXHHCJEH nocTynaE npH H3pagH HCTe -- 3BOHEOCHBOneqellie Y3 HegoBOJbHF l1pHJIHBEHceOHHKa.

npeTclliH;) y paBHHm rp060BHlV13--D;HCTama:Ha cycegHoiVl MaEeg;)HCEOM nogpYCJjy g3JIH cy HX LIaYIIl:u:u;a, BapgapoD;a, OJIHHT22, TaKBH paBHH rpo6oBH y reBreJIHjH23, y lleJIaroHlfjH OCHMPanellla H rpagelllHHD;e jOlll KpylIleBHD;a (lIlyrrJbe mIBeHa I11'HD;a)24 Hen03HaTO HaJI33HIllTe H3 ClKOH JIHHe BHTOJba (Ep'-ralliHh - yn. CJI. 3e, f)25, Ha gacapeTCKOj TepHTopHjH PeCJHD;a(EpCJalliHh-geno)26, Ha neOHCEom nogpYCJjy paBHH rpo6oBH EOg OpHsapa 6JIHsy T. BeJIeca (nTHD;e H EP'-13lliHhH)27 H KeceHgpe y PajeD;y (nTHD;a)28 ,

OCHm Ha EepamHD;HBeJIIfKe npOMeHe ce caga 3an3lliajy H Ha MeTaJIHHMHaJIa3HMa. Ty je npe CBera nojaBa BOTHBHHX MHHHjaTypHHx nocygHD;a - jelIHOyXHX EpCJalliHha ca KOCO saceCJeHOM sagllioM CTpaHOM BpaTa H OPHHTOMOPHHX npHBecaEa og 6pOH3e, Eoja ce nOlmana BpeMeHCKH ca nojaBoM KaCHOXaJIIllTaTCKHX paBHHX rpo60B3 y lleJIarOHHjlI. Y rpo60BlIMa ca KepamHEOMpa3BlJjeHlIX apxajcKFx OPMlI 1I KacHlije OBH npeglVleTH ce He jaBJbajy BlIIlle; C gpyre CTpaHe HH lICTPallieHH XaJIIIlTaTCKlI rpo60BlI y pOgOBCKlIMTyMyJIlIMa (BepnIHa, BIfCOlJ-BepaHD;H, OpJIOBa LIyEa-KapaopMaH) He nosHajy OBe npeg"leTe. CaMO y xaJIlIlTaTcEoj HeKpOnOJIli llaTeJIH cpeheMO TaKaB jegaH KpCJalliHh Me!)y OCTaJIHMHaJIaSHM321, HO KOjlI ce yEJIanajy y gocTa lllHpOE BpeMeHCKHOKBHp; lICTIJje CJIyCJajH ca HelIlTO gpyEQHjOM nocyglID;OM H3 rpo6a 3 y TylVlyJJy BIfCOjlIBepaHD;H (CJJ. 4h). OCTamr 6pOjHH HaJJa311 jaBJbajy ce CKOpOlICTOBpeMeHOIf TO, OCHMnap Heogpe!)eHHX HaJJasa,

MaJre rpo6He xyMEe EOg Pagallie (nTlID;e If KpCJa}KlIfw:)29 H Oplisapa EOg KOqaHa (EpCJalliHh)3. JOill gaJbe Ha ceBep, Beh Ha gapgaHcEoj TepHToplIjH, TaEaB je rpo6HlI HaJIaS

P. Amandry, Collecti:m Hdene Stathatos, Les bijoux anStrasbourg 1953, 66, tab. XXVII, fig. 172; XXIV, N2 4~3. 23 R. Popov, Hallstatzeit1ische Graberfunde aus Gewgeli, Prahi:t. Zeit:chrift IX, 1927, 66, 67 (nTHI\e H I<pqa}l{l'h). 24. H. BeHegHI<OB, EapraJla, Pa31<Onl<H H npoyqaBaHHja I, Coqmja 1948, 93. 25. OBaj H3BaHpegHH npHMepal< CJlyqajHo je gocneo y 6HTOJhCI<H MY3e; H3 OI<OJlHHe, e3 6JlH}I{HX 6 nogaTaKa 0 MecTy H npHpogHHaJla3a. 2G. B. JIaxToB, CI<HI\a XpOHOJlOrHjeCTapl1jer }l<eJI.gc6a lvlal<egOHl1je, A,IU-IIpeHcTopHcl<a CeKI\Hja, OXpHg 1960,.123.
22.

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TOnOJlKa, lJlaCHl11<Ha MK.II: Ha HPM, CKonje 1954, 54-57. '8 H. BeHegHI<OB, op. cit., 93 (Ha3I1B ceJla rge je HdjeH npegMeT Y3eT npeMa HHBeHTapHoj I<IbH3HH3 1943 r., y ApxeoJl. My3ejy, CKonje). 29. I bid., 94; - M. H .II:. laparnaHHH, PagaIba, 40. 30. H. MHKyJlqHh, MOrHJlH og OpJlOBa LIyKa I<aj KapaopMaH, 360pHHK II, llITHn 1961, 54 (H Han. 15 Ha HCTOj cTpaHH)

y MojaHI..\H.\la KOg CKOrrJba (KpqamHI1)31 11HaJIa3 Heogpe1jeHCr KapaKTepa H3 OKOJIHHe KyMaHoBa32. OBa rpyrra rrpegMeTa y Hallioj JIHTepaTypH CTaBJbeHa j e onpaBgaHo y OKBHp a3e Ha -e33; lVle1jyTHMi'llC'ryhe j e H3BplllHTH H 6JHlme Bpeil1eHCKO orrpegeJbHBaThe YHYT?P OKBHpa OBe cpa3e. OCHlVl 06eJIemj3 epa,j1HKe H gpynlx rpo6HHX HaJIa3a KOjH gaTHpajy MaI<egoHcKe npHMepKe rrolIlHThaHHX 6pOH3H, jegHa og cHrypHl1jHX ocrrOHHX TOClaI<3 y OBOM ClVlHCJIYje H BeJIHClaHCTBeHaOCTaBa H3 <'Pepe y TeCaJIHjH, Me1jy C1HjHx 2.000 6POH3H cpehe,j1o H 6pojHe Hallle 06JIHI<e (rrpHBec,-\H y 06m1KY rrTH,-\a, cygHhH ca KOCO 3ace<IeHH!\1BpaToM H gp.)34. II EeKHThOH, ThHXOBHaJIa3aq, rOBopehH 0 ThHMa Kao CHTypHO HKCHpaHHi'll 06JIHIJ;HMay XpOHOJIOlllKOM cMHcrry, CTaBJba HX Ha rrpena3 VII y VI BeK; OBe 6poH3e n03HaTe cy TaKo1je y OrrHMrrHjH, .II:eJIHMa, H3 XepaHoHa y Aprocy, y TerejH H g3Jbe35. IICTH ayTop HarJIa1ll8Ba OBe 06rrHKe I{aO rrcce6Ho 06eJIe}Kje reo1I1eTpHCI{OrCTHJIa TeCaJIHje (lllTO cy YOCT3noM rrpHi'lleTHJIH H ilPyrH rrpe Thera), Maga ce OB3 rpyrra CHTHHX 6pC'H3H

T?MO jOlll Y BpeMe MJIaIje a3e KyJIType nOJba ca ypHaMa, OgHOCHOrrpe HCTeKa cpegThOeBpOrrcKe a3e Ha-B37. Beo KOjH o6am-lja Te jOlll MarJIOBHTe paHe gyxoBHe Be3e rpqKe ca cpe)JTheeBpOrrcKHM rrr.gpyqjeM gOBeo je H go H3BeCHHX rroKyUIaja rrOBe3HBaTha /\lHGrO KacHHjHx goraIjaja ca HCTHi\l; Ty i'llHCJIv,i'110 MajepoBy Te3Y 0 gaJbeil1 Ha HaCTaBJbaIhY (IV H V a3u) 3arragH06aJIKaHCKHx cTpyj3Tha y Erejy, ogpa}KeHHX y apXeOJIOrHjH HCTHMHaJIa3HMa)}HJlHPCKHX 6pC'H3Hy MaKegoHHjH H rpqKoj C jegHe CTpaHe H EocHe H Xep,-\eroBHHe C gpyre38. H>HxOB BOTHBHH I{apaKTep H rrpHcYCTBO CKOpO HCK.il,yqHBO Y rpo60BHMa KOg IIJIHpa H rpClKHM CBeTHJlHlllTHMa Hgy CBaKaKO y rrpHnor TherOBOMTYM3C1eThYPOH3H HCllOg XeJIeHCKHXXpa1\10BaKao 6 rrOKJIOHe HJTHpCKHXBepHHKa; Ty MeIjyTHM He Tpe6a 3a60paBHTH HHTH pa3BojHH CTerreHXTOHCKcrKyJITa KC,g IIrrHpa, rge je 06jeI{aT KyJITa jOlll rp06 cBpxa H y rrpBoM H gpyrO,\l cJIyLJaiy je HCTOBeTHa. BpeMeHcKa pa3JIHKa I{Oja nocTojH y ThHXOBOj rrojaBH H3MeIjy 06a rrr,gpyClja, Kao H o6eJIemja Koja orrpegeJbyjy

jaBJba Kao JIOKaJIHa H3paga H gaJbe Ha jyry, CBe go IIeJIOrrOHe3a3 6. 3a HH3 rpqKHX HaJIa3a, yrRaBHC1\\ orlI'IX Hcrrog HajCTapHjHx xp3MOBa, HeocrropHO je rrpHXBaTJbHBa H 3HaTHO Beha CTapOCT; HeKH og OBHX 06mIKa ce, Haj3ag, rroBe3yjy H ca rr03HaTOM eI<CrraH3Hjoil1 XeJIHOJIaTpHCKHX eJIeMeHaTa H3 HCTOqHOrraHOHCKorpeJIHrH03Hor Kpyra, rrOTeKJIHX Oil Hana3 H3 paBHor rpooa-J.\HCTe, OTI<pHBeHOr y nponel:ie r., qysa ce y rpa,l:\CI<OMMy3ejy y CI<onjy. ". H. BynHl:i, AHTH'lliH CI10~\eHHl.\H, l10MeHHKCAH XCVIII, C 1949, 271, cn. 1. 3 M. raparuaHHH, Pa3MaTpalha 0 MaI<e,l:\OHCI<OM xanwTaTy, CTapHHap H. c. V-VI, 1954, 31. . Y. Bequignon, Recherches archeologiques a Pheres de Thessalie, Strasbourg 1937, 67 H ,1:\., PI. XIX, XX. " Ibid., 71. ". Ibid., Han. 5 Ha CTp. 71.
31.

196

ThHXOBO rrOpeKJIO, yHoce g,xTa CBeTJIa y OBO HaH3rJIeg 3arOHeTHO nHTaThe. 3agp)f{l!MO ce npBO Ha 06mrn:y lITHI.\e H Kpqamh?: KBamneT H3page, H3pamajHoCT H BeJ1HLJHHa Kao 11Heynopegl1Ba 6pojHa npeBara npHMepaKa TeCaJICI<0MaKegoHcKe cKynHHe gaje OBOj CBaKH npHOpHTeT y OgHOCy Ha OBaI<Be npegMeTe H3 gy6HHe HJIHpClHIX 3eMaJb3. 06m-lK KpLJara ca KOCO3aCeqeHHi'l1BpaT0M je n03HaTa C'rapa erejCKa TeK)BHHa, KOjH BamH H Kao HajoMHJbeHHjH 06JIHK y TeCaJICKO-MaKegoHcKoj Kepai'lmqKoj rpynH reOllleTpHjcKor CTHJIa. OH, jacHo, HHje HJIHpCK"HH npeJIa3H MeIjy HOCHO,-\e XaJIllITaTCKe KyJIType MaKegoHcKor nOilpyqja og ayToXT::J37. E. Sprockhoff, Nordische Bronzezeit und fruhes Griechenturn, Jahrb. RGZM 1, Mainz 1954,37 H ,1:\.; - G. Kossak, Studien zum Symbolgut der Urnenfe1derund Hallstattzeit Mitte1europas, Berlin 1954. 38. F. Mayer, Zu einigen bosnisch-herzegowischen Bronzen in Griechen1and, Germania 34, 1-2, (1956), 69 H ,1:\.

HHX H cyceA2 ca jyra. H Haj3aA, BpeMeHCKa pa3nIma: Aa.jbe Ha HJIHpCKOM 3arraAY, Ha rJIaCHHljY HarrpliMep, rrpHBeCljH OBHX 06JIHKa jaBJbajy ce TeK HerAe KpajeM VI BeKa, rrpoAy)KyjyTIH )KHBOT H Y HapeAHOM BeKy3 9. Yero HeKH 06JIHljH, J<ao rrOCYAHlja Y 06mmy tJ:alllHlje iIa TSHKOj H03li li 3aKJI0l1ljeM ca IITlitJ:jliM rrpOTOML~la, 3aTBapa'l 3a aMOpe li HeKH ApyrH HHCy yorrlllTe HJIH CKOpO HliKaKO HalllJIH rrpHMeHy Ha HIDIpCKOM 3arraAHOM EaJIKaHy. Ty C rrpaBOM CMelllO HCTaTIH rrp06JIelVlaTH'lHOCT HJIHpCKor rrOpeKJIa OBHX 6POH3H Koje rpyrrHllle HaBeAeHli aYTOp, KaAa HH jeAsH 0A THX 06mIKa He BOAH AHpeI<THO rrOpeKJIO H3 XaJl111TaTCKor 60caHCKor je3rpa. H3BeCHH 06JIHljH 6ecyMlbe cy AOCrreJIH jOIll p3HHje y Ereiy H3 CpeAlbe EBporre; oBAe, y "HJIHpH3HpaHoj" errOXH reOi\leTpHCKor CTHJIa HCTH

Bepl'3arraA; a OBO HOCH Y TO,'l rrpaBljy 6alll Bel'iYlHy liJIliPCKHX 6pOH3li, Ac-raAa HenG3HaTHX XaJIIilTaTCK}Ul HmIpHiVla. Beh je MepxapT HajaBlIo H3BeCHe HHAliljlije y npeoKpeTy 3anaAH06aJIKaHCKHX cTpyjalba Ka ErejH. rOBopehli 3a 6pOH3aHe YKpace-aJIepe li3 nC'APy'lja Ereje, C rrp2BOM yO'laBa orpOMHO BpeiVleHCKO 3aocTajalbe 60caHCIUIX HaJIa33 y ('AHOCy Ha rptIKe, a }ICTH H3CTaBJbajy 6alll Tp3AHljHje opHaMeTaJIHHX 1I1OTHBa erejcKHx rrpCTX0AH}IKa40. CaAa y HerrpeKHAH01l1 cTpyjalby AocrreBajy C',DaTJIe Ha HJIHpCKH ceBep03anaA nopeA jOlll xaJIIilTaTCI{}IX 3aTBapa'la 3a a1l1Jpe, jOHcKe KepaMHKe H 6pCH3aHor lICocyl)a, rrpHBccaKa y 06nIIKY rrTHlja H nxy,n;Hlja, 3aTHM neJIOnOHeCKliX HraJIa41 H HH3 ,n;pyrHx npe,n;1IleTa yCTBapH HalllHx apxajcKlix KOjliX heMo ce ,n;OJle iloTahH, MeTaJIHHX HaJIa3a.

Cn. 6. KacHoapxajclili

Ha.na3Io1 By><pIol,b. Ba6Io1Ho,c. LIemlroBo, d, e. Bena UpKBa-BpoJ\). (a. (a. Bukri, b. Babino, c. Cepigovo, d, e. Bela Crkva-Brod).

Fig. 6. Trouvailles

archaiques

tardives

ce pa3BHjajy Kao rrpoAyKT HH3a JIOKaJIHHX, XeJIeHCIiliX paAHOHlilja. OBliM opmal\la nO'lHlbe Aa ce npHAPymyje ljeo Hli3 HOBHX, nOHliKJIliX OBAe, y ErejH HJIH Ha l\laJIOa3HcKoj 06aJIH H, AOK ce ljeHTpaJIHa H jY~<Ha rptJ:Ka 6p)Ke oCJI06al)a OBe enoxe, liCTa 1I1eTanyprnja ljBeTa li AaJbe Ha ceBepy rp'lKe. ETHH'lKa nOl\lepalba HerAe TOKOM VII BeKa H3 ceBepHe Tecamlje y rrpaBljy 1I1aKeAoHCKor nOAPytJ:ja C jeAHe CTpaHe Kao H CHJIHH pa3Boj XaJIKHAHtJ:KO-rraHrejCIwr pyAapcTBa H MeTanypnlje C APyre cTpaHe CBaKaKO cy AonpHHem'! AS ce OBe 6pOH3e CliJIHO palllHpe H Ha MaKeAOHCK01l1 Tny, A>cTH)KyTIH Ty CBaKaKO li KYJIl\lHHaljHjy. Pa3Boj GBOr )KaplililTa Ha 1IlaKeAoHCK01l1 ceBepy H npOl\leHe Koje cy Ty HaCTaJIe, CBaKaKO cy HajBHllle AOrrpHHeJIH H jaKo1l1 CTpyjalbY Koje caAa HaCTaBJba AaJbe Ha HJIHpCKH ceBep H ce39 A. Benac-B. Covic, Glasinac II, Sarajevo 1957, 45, tab. XXXX, 11; XXXXII, 13, XI, 12, 13.

,n:BojHa HrJIa-YKOCI-IHlja, TOJIHKO KapaKTepliCTH'lI-Ia 3a lllHPOKO MaKep,oHCKO H HJIHpCKO rroAPytJ:je AO XpBaTCKe Ha 3arraA, He nojaBJbyje ce TaMo npe VI BeKa; y HJIHpCKH1Il rpo60BliMa HanpoTliB, tJ:eCTa je jOIll y IV BeKy H KacHlije42. HajcTapHjH 1I1aKeilOHCKW rrpHMepI.\li, jOIll jeAHOCTaBHHX OPMH Kao OHH H3 K03aHa, PaAalbe43 HJIH Ty1l1yJIa BHcoli-EepaHI.\H nplinaAajy CBaKaKO jOIll npBOlll HaneTy; pa3BHjeHHjloI, n0TnyHo 06JIHKOBaI-IH rJI3CHHatJ:KH THrr n03HaT oBAe H3 HalllHX apxajcKHX rp060Ba y )KHBOjHY, IIporoHy-EyKpH, H3 rpo6a 25 TyMyJIa BHcojHG. 3, 41 3a 1953, 118,
4

RGZM

v. Merhart, Ueber blecherne Zerbuckel (Faleren), Jahrb. Mainz 1956, 81, 82. rrpIolMepKe BocHe v. P. Jacobsthal, Greek Pins, Oxford IoI3 119.
137.

42

Ibid.,

". Ibid.,

fig. 403; M.

.n. raparnamIH,

PaJ\alba, 29,

CJ].

73.

EepaHl\H, oneT H3 Pa,n;afue, ,I:(. OpH3apa KO,n;T. BeJIeca, op;roBapajy 11 HaIllH Hl\.!"Ia3H paBHHx apxajcKHX rp060Ba H3 T-IaYIllHl\e HJIH IIaTeJIH, HcnyfuaBajy BepOBaTHO npeTelliHO - npunap;ajy Bepo:saTHo Beh paHoM VI BeKy, 0p;H0CHO paHH VI BeK. HaHJ'lre, npe):l Kpaj HCTor BeKa nOTnyHo ra npeJIa3Y npcrxO,IJ.HOr y oBaj. 3aJ'lrefuyje MJIaI)H, )}Tpe6eHHIllKH nrn, KOjH npo,l:lylliyje ):IeIIocJIe KpaTKe nojaBe OBHX rpUBHH, rp060BH ca KeJilJ,mr'iHO H y cJIe):leim BeK (Tpe6eHHIllTe, Pa):lOJIHIllTe H paillHKOill 3penwx apxajcKHx 06eJIellija n03Hajy caMO je,IlaH Pequl\a OKO OXpH,iJ;a, KapaopMaH-IIInrn, CT06H, ,I:(eJ'lmp CHpoMaIllHHjH 06JIHK KOjH je 3aJ'lreHHOnpBe, a npolliHBeo KalIHja, Ba6nno y ,I:(eMHpXHcapy, l.IaYIllHl\a u 3ejnIHJIHK CBaKaKO lIe;) VI BeK npe HO IllTO ra 3ailrefuyjy cpop;He y ,I:(OfuOj MaKegoHHjH). rpHBHe ca 31\lHjCKUMrJIaBaMa Ha 3aBpIlleTl\HMa. To cy IIopeKrro OBnJ'lr urrraMa 6ecyMfue Tpe6a Tpa}KHTH y TaHKe npOCTe rpHBHe pal)eHe ('Ip;6poH3aHe lliHl\e ca HeIllTO 3ap;e6JhaHH"1KpajeBHMa (Ke-jH cy qeCTO 11yKpIllTeHH), J'llOlliM. A3HjH; TaKBH paHu npHMepl\H cpehy ce y <PpHnrjH U gaJhe Ha HCTOK(Gcrdion, Pazarli, A1isar, Bogaz-Kjoj, ):Ia p;ereHepHcaHlI npeTCTaBHHl\H CBOjWX pacKoIllHHjHX npeTJazj1ikaja44. JegHHG og TaillO OgHOCHO npeKo JOfuaHa illOrrre xop;HHKa, HrrH IllTO je BepoBaTlillje, op;pa3 je,D;HOrHOBor, cy gocrreTH OBaKBe UIrre, 3ajegHo ca p;pyroJ'lr rpqKOM porraKor H HeXaJIIllTaTCKor YKyca. 60ill, go Y IllHpOKO CKHTCKO nop;pyqje ceBepHor IIpHqepOBaj HaKHT p;aJIe cy HeKpCnOJIe Capaj-Bpo):l (rp060BYI HOJ'lropja45, Kao IllTO cy p;ocnerre H Ha HaIllY TepHTopHjy. 8, 13, 19) H rpo6 2 H3 )KHBojHa, IIporoH-ByKpH, Tpe6eIheHo npeHOIllefue npeKo MaKegoHHje ,D;aJhe Ka ceBepoHHIllTe) jep;aH op; HajcTapHjHx rp060Ba - 27), apxajcKe 3anap;y YKllana ce BpeilleHCKHy nOMHfuaHOcTpyjafue. IICTll- l\HCTe H3 reBrerrHje53, nap ilmal)Hx rp060Ba TyMyJIa BHCOjUHa, nojaBa cTapujer rrraCHHa<IKOr nrna Ha 60CaHCKHJ'l1 BepaHl\H. HaJIa3HIllTHMayHeJIa je H3BecHY HecyrrraCHHl\Y Mel)y HCTpaY nerrarOHCKHM apxajcKHM paBHHM rp060BH"1a cpehy lliHBaqe: Majep He npOHaJIa3H Ha rJIaCUHl\Y HH jep;aH ce u ,D;BaTIUIa <pH6yJIa. HaOqapKa H3 rp06a 8 y CapajycurypHu 3aTBopeHU HaJIa3 3HaqajaH 3a p;aTHpafue, 3aTO ce BpOA H rp06y 1 y )KHBOjHY, 3aTH"1rpa):leIllHlIl\H, CBaKaK0 n03UBa caMO Ha Harra3 113 .uOfue ,I:(OJIHHe(ca paHOJIaTeH- cy nOCJ!ep;fuH H3p;aHl\H OBor HajTHrrHqHHjer xarrIllTaTCI<Or CKUJ'lr<pu6yrraJ'lra) H qaK ):IOnyIllTa Behy CTapOCT erejcI<uJ'lr 06rrHKa <pH6yJIe. nyqHa <pH6yJIa H3 rpa,n;eIllHHl\e (crr. 3h), HaJIa3UMa46. EeHal\ H t.IOBHh y n03HaTOJ'lrKaTarrory HaBop;e Kp~jlf,e je,D;HOCTaBHe 3pap;e, YMHoroille yillafuyje fueHy THH caMO je):laH ycaJ'lrJhemr u np06JIeillaTUqHH Harra3 (H3 KycanOJIOIllKY Bpe,n;HOCT;qeTBplacTa XOpH30HTarrHo H3ByqeHa qa) BHCOKOy CBOjOj <pa3H rJIaCHHal\ IVa, ):10KHX Y CJIe- nJIOqaCTa Hora rope KOHKaBUO H3pe3aHa, 36rrHlliyje je CIDlq):Iehoj <pa3H JIOrHqHO HeMa47; TeK y <pa3H IVc TaKBe yKO- Hllill HCToBpeilleHll1\rHJJHpCKHiIl<pH6yrraMa y BOCHH H CpCHUqe cy qeCTe, IllTO nOTnyHo op;rOBapa HaBe):leHHM36H- 6HjH54 HJIU H3 o6rrHllilbeM Tpe6eHHIllTY (Tpe6eHHIllKH Balf,HMa y l\eJIHHH48. KpajeM VI BeKa nojaBJhyje ce OBp;e THII JIyqHHX <pH6yJIa)55, Kao H TaKEOM npHMepKY H3 PaH Tpe6eHHIllKH THn KOjU ):IOCTHllieKYJIiVlHHal\ujyy crr:):Iafue. rJIaBa HaIller IIpllillepKa y 06rrHKy IllapHHpa TaKol)e ):IehHM BeKOBHJ'lra. He ):I03BOJhaB3paHHje ,n;aTYlpafue0):13perror apxajcKor p;06a. II CJIe):lehH 06JIHK, HaYIllHHl\a ca KyrracToM rrraBOM, rOCT je CBaKaKO H3 UCTor npaBl\a49. lvlap;a ce OBaKBH rPOEHE KOHCTPYKUHJE 3aBpIlleTl\H Ha apxajcKoJ'lr HaKHTy nojaBJhyjy y ErejH Beh CBH Hanpep; 06yxBaheHH rp060BH rrpeTCTaBJhajy paB0):1VII BeKa na Hap;aJhe, KO):lHac je <pHI<CHpaH paBHll1\r y apxajcKHM rpo60BHilra VI BeKa ()KHBOjHO, rpo6 16 U 19 He rponOBe, crr060,n;HO yKonaHe nc-p; nOBpIllHHY 3eJ\lJhe. Y Capajy-Bpo):l) H HCTOBpeMeHHM nOCJIep;fuHMrp060BuJ'lra To cy MaCHBHe H BeOMa rrpOCTpaHe l\l'ICTe, rpal)eHe O,IJ. ,n;e6JhHXHCTeC3Hl'IX rrrroqa IIpaBHrrHMx HBHl\a; 60qHe C'rpayKonaHuM y TyMyJI BHcojH-BepaHl\H (rpC60BYI 25, 42 B. CJI. 4 d-g). To je BapHjaHTa ca iIlaCHBHOJIHBeHOillrrraHHl\e cy pe):lOBHO H3 je,n;Hor KOMap;a H H~mpeclioHHpajy BOM y 06rrHKy IllUJhaTe Kyne, MHoro npocTHje y Op;HOCy CBOjoM BeIDlqHHOill. HaHMe, ,l:lylliHHa rp060Ba op;pacJIHx Ha 6pojHe Y1paCKOIllHO pal)eHe IllynJhe npHMepKe ca 060OC063 H3HOCHY npoceKY OKO 2 ill. H mIIlle (AO 2,5 "1.), "1. H ,l:ly6HHa 0.60 - 0.90 M. Ta ):10Mca HCTeKa apxajcKor nepJ:op;a H HeIllTO KaCHlJje. OCHJ'lr IllHpHHa 0.90-1,20 3rraTHor npUMepKa H3 )KuBojHa (CI1. 3g) OCTarru HaIllH npHHeHOpillaJIHa IllHpHHa H p;y61iHa cy HajMapKaHTHHja 06eJIe}Kja Koja Beh Ha npBH norJIep; H3p;Bajajy l\HCTe OBcr Mepl\H cy 6pOH3aHU. 3aHlIMJhHBa je U nojaBa rpHBHH jafueBCKor TIUIa nepHO,D;a O,D;CJJHqHHXH3 KacHH;Hx aHTHqKHX pa3,D;06Jha. Mel)y HaIllUiIl HaJIa3HIllTlliIra (BYKYPHqKH BHC, PaneIll .....:.- MOlli,n;a 6H H"1 Te p;liMeH3Hje OIIpaBp;arre Ha3HB rp06HHl\a - Ha je,n;HoMrrpHMepy (rp06 1 H3 )KlfBojHa) y rp06CJI. 3-a). OBa BaplljaHTa rpuBHH ca yKpIllTeHHM KpajeBIIHHl\H je caxpafuHBaHo y nap Y3acToIIHHx HaBpaTa IIeT oc06a. Ma, KOjy je Beh M. rapaIllaHHH H3P;Bojuo Kao je,llaH norpa,l1fue HCTHXce6aH 6aJII<aHCKH06JIHK50, yCKO je OrpaHHqeH 6pOjHO H IIoce6Ho Tpe6a HarrraCHTH H COJ1H):\HOCT TepuTopHjarrHo, a U3rJIep;a CBaKaKO H BpeMeHcKw. CJIy- nJIoqe Koje cy 06pal)eHe p;rreTOM H rpy6Jhe HJIH <pHHHje qajHH Harra3u, Kao npHiIlepl\H H3 XyMe K0,IJ.reBreJIHje UJIH H3paBHaTe, qeCTO cy caBpIlleHo yKJIOrrJheHe, <pyre 3aMa3aHe rJIHHJ"1 H o,D;ajy H3rJIep; capKo<para. To HX TaKol)e H3BaHpep;HH nap U3 OKOJIHHeIIpHrrena HHCy iIlHoro ynoop; Tpe6JhUBP.' 3a 6rrullie BpeMeHcKo onpegeJhHBafue 360r He- jacHo 1f3,D;Baja KacrmjHx rp060Ba-l\HCTH OBor nop;pyqja. TIOTrryHU H3rrrf'p; HeKpOnOJIe npyllia Capaj-Bpop; H y nocTojafua ):IpyIUX HaJIa3a; 3a npul)'lepKe W3 IIaTeJIH TaKol)e He,llOCTajy OCHOBHHne-p;al\u 0 Harra3Y Kao 3aTBopeHoj l\e- 3HaTHO "1afuoj MepH H HejacrmjHM 06pHcHMa IIeIllTa-rpaJIHHH51. lvlHoro BHIlle HaM rOBopH fueHa nojaBa y rp06y ,n;eIllHHl\a H IIporoH-EyKpH; KapaKTepHIlle HX BeJIHKa ry12 HeKponOJle t.IaYIlllll\a, uaKO jOIll y 3ajep;HHl\H ca CTa- CTHHa rp060Ba 36HjeHHx Ha perraTHBHO M3rrOJ\lnpoCTOpy. PHjOl)!MaCUBHOM BapujaHTC'M qeTBpTaCTor npeceKa52. TOille 0pHjeHTal\Hja je P;B0jH3: C-J H 3-M, ca rrpeBarOJ'lr IIpBor IIpaBl\a. HOBHHy, Be3aHY Y3 OBe rpc60Be, IIpeTCTaBJha H IIojaBa IIpHMHTHBHlIX aHTponoMop<pHlIX CTerra. OCHMIIOMe". P. Jacob"thal, op. cit.. 139." HyTor npHMepKa H3 rpap;eIllHHl\e H ca apxajcKe HeKpOIIorre .s. A. Furtwangler, Die Bronzen und diei.i brigen kleineren Funde von Olympia, Olympia IV, Berlin 1890, 207. KO,n;)KHBo;Ha nOTHqy ,D;BeTaKBe: jep;Ha je H3pe3aHa Crrnq". "F. Mayer. op. cit., 69. ". A. Benac-B. Covie, op. cit., 30, 34. ". Ibid., 45. '9. P. Amandry, Collection Hellene Stathatos, Objets antiques et byzantine, Strasbourg 1963, 202; 3a Hana3e ca Klmpa, H3 Eq,e3a, yll. Han. 2 H 1 Ha HCTO;cTpaHH. '0. M. raparnaHHH, Pa3MaTpalba 0 MaK. XanUITaTY, 31. 51 L. Rey, Bohemica, Albania IV, fig. 11. 50. M. raparnamlH, op. cit., 31.
50. I1cKonaBalba Apxeon. My3eja H3 CKcll;a 1951 r., M2TepHjan y CKonCKOMMY3e;y. HPr6jaBJbeH. 5 . A. Benac-B. Cwie. "p. cit., 4:; .- n. rancrn2HHH. KaTanor MeTana I, I1paHcTopHja, Hap. MY3ei Eeorpal1 1954, T. XLIX, 5, 6, 8, 15, 17. 55. B. JIaxToB-J. KacTemu.\, JIHXHHI1I, OXPHI1 1957, T. VIII, IX, 1-8; XVII,S.

HO nplmepKY H3 rpa)];eUlHHIJ;e, Ha )];pyroj je CaillOype3aHa KOHTypa '-IOBeqjHx pailreHa, BpaTa H 1'naBe (CJI. la)56, Y OBO Bpeilre nO,llH1'uyTa je H 18KO H3pe3aHa creJIa Ha)]; 1'p060M III Y BHcojll-BepaHIJ;1 (CJI. lc), je)];HOM 0)]; noCJIe)];IbHXrp060Ba YKonaHllx y oBaj TyMyJI. OBaj J1pllilrepaK, KOjH iom CTO)H ycnpaBHo in situ, HOCH OKO "JIMIJ;a" Ha 1'JI8BHKpyr ype3aH illeCTapOilr. Kao H Y3 nOMeHyTll 1'p06 y rpa)];eillHllllHH OB)];e CTeJIa CTOjH Y3 1'JIaBy nOKojHHKa.

y BOXe"'1HIJ;H, '-IaYillHIJ;H, reB1'emljH57. Kal\1eHll KOBqe3HIJ;HCTeje)];aH cy 0)]; HajqeillhHX 06JI1-IKa1'p060Ba H Ha xeJIeHCKH",r HeKpOnOJIaMa KacHo1'eoMeTpncKor H apxajcKo1' l1epvIO)];a,npeTCTaBJbajyhH )];aJbIJ TOK lliliBOTa OBor 06JIHKa ll3 reo",reTpHjcKo1' nepHo,[{a. CpeheMo HX, OCHMHH3a TecarrCKHX Hana3HillTa n Ha HeKpOnOJIH VII-VI BeKa y EJIeY3HIDr, TOKOilr I BeKa y BeoTHjH (Tanagra, V Orhomenos, Ritzona), EOJIH)];H58, Ha ATHIJ;1159 )];. Ii OB)];e H

CBe OBe ocmme paBHHX apxajcKHx HeKpOnOJI3. KOHTpaCTl'rpajy pO,[{OBCKllM TyMyJIHMa npeTXO)];He enoxe )];0 Te Mepe )];a TO He Tpe6a noce6HO HCTHIJ;aTH. IIpeJIoM je cyBHille oillTap n jacaH. IicTYrna H nOCJIep;IbH 1'p060BYI yKonaHH y Tyil1yrry BHCOjH 3HaTHO ce npH6JIHlliyjy CJI060P;HOyKonaHllM paBHHM rp060BHilra na lIIeIbajy qaK H CBOj npB06HTHH Cil1HCaO iI1ap;acy jOill yKorraHH y crapy XYllIr{y,oBp;e cy JIOl\HpaHH jep;HHo 36(,1' cTapHjHx KyJITHHXTpap;HIJ;Hja,HHaqe opHjeHTaIJ;HjollI BHille He rIOKa3yjy oHaj JJ;YlliHH 3aBHCHll O,llHOC 1<alleHTpaJIHOllI1'p06y pO,llOBCKOr TapeillllHe, CMHcao c li3 Kojer je H npOll3Hillao OBaKaB 06mIK TyllIyJIa. OTKpHBeHll MaTepnjaJI rOBopH 3lJ H3BecHY ynope)J;HY e1'3HCTeHIJ;njy paBHHx apxajC1<HX rp060Ba H nOCJIe)J;Hollx rp060Ba YKorraHllx y TyMyJI; H Ha cyce)J;Hoj Bep1'HHll YKOrraBaIbe y TyMyJIe e1'3HcTHpa He1')J;e140 cpe)J;HHe VI BeKa, Ka)J;a rroTrryHo yCTyrra MecTy paBHHM 1'p060BllMa. Haj6JIHllie aHaJIOnrje H8mHl\1 paBHHM He1<pOrrOJIaMa cpeheMo y cyce)J;Hoj )XOIbOj Ma1<ep;oHHjll, Ha KaCHoreOMeTpHC1<llM )J;06pHMp;eJIOMH HCTOBpeMeHHM HO HeKpOrrOJIa",ra

YOqaBaMO npOMeHe y KBamlTeTY rpa)];lbe IJ;nCTll: HacynpoT cTapHjllM rrpocTHM H HenpaBHJIHHMllHcTa",ra 1'eoMeTpHjC1<01' nepno)J;a (Fera, Tirins) ca)J;a npeBJIa1)yje 06JIHK C8 npaBHJIHHi\1, 06pa1)eHHM nJIO'IaMa, Kojn ce Beh npH6JIHllinO nmy capKo<lJa1'a KJIaCn'-IHOr nepHO)J;a. Ii HCToBpeMeHa )J;B0jHa OpHjeHT8l.lHja ca npeBarOM je)J;H01'HITH)J;py1'o1'npaBlla pacnpocTpalbeH je y OBOBpeMe y cycep;Hoj )XOlbOj MaKe)];OHHjH (BoxeMHlla6o, K03aHll H HeillTO lIIJIa1)1i HKpa- Kapa6ypyH, 3aTHM OJIHH161)n )J;aJbe M Ha jyry, Ha XeJIeHCKllMHeKpOnOJIaMa()Xpa<lJH)62,aTYIHCKIi )XmrnJIOH VI-IV BeKa, KOpllHT63).

51. L. Rey, Bohemica, 40, 42; - S. Casson, op. cit., Annual ofBSA XXIV, 1919,7 H A.; - Hana3HMa H3 resrenHje H3 BpeMeHa I CBeT. paTa npHApy>KHJla cy ce 4 HOBa rp06a OTKonaHa 1951 r. H 2 rp06a 1963 r. To cy npaBHnHe UHcTe-capKo<jJa3HOABenHKHX06paneHHx nnoqa, opHjeHTaUHje C-J, ca Hana3H"a 6POjHHX Ba3a (60jeHa "pxajcKa KepaMHKa nOKanHa:) H 6poH3aHHM HaKHTOM; npeHeTo y Apxeon. My3ej y CI<onje. sa. E. r. KaCTalbaH, rpyHToBHe HeKpononH 60cnopcKHx ropOAOB (peA. B. rajAYKeBHq), MocKBa 1959, 264, 265. S. G. Daux, op. cit., BCH LXXXII, 1958-II, 681 (Ntrafi). ". 06e CTene HaljeHe cy, Ha}/{ajlOST,y ceKyHAapHoj ynoTpe6H, 60. L. Rey, Bohemica, 40, 42. o;lByqeHe Y HenocpeAHO cyceAcTBo apxajcKe HeKponone H lbHMa 61. D. Robinson, Excavations at Olynthus, part. XI, Balti06nO>KeHH rpc60BH pHMcKe enoxe C HOBue" IV BeKa (HeKponona m:)ore 1943, 139. Kepano); y TO cy BpeMe BpeOBaTHO OAHeTe, 3a HCTy CBPXY, CBe 62 B. Hall. I10A. 59. nOKpHBHe nnoqe apxajclilix rp060Ba - 3a HCTOyn. E. JOCH<jJ:)BcKa, 63. E. KaCTalb~H, op. cit., 256. op. cit., 287.

!1:cToBpeMeHa rrojaBa Beher 6poja HeKporrorra pa3rrre)J;aHor nJIIa H IbMXOBa pe.llaTHBHO rycTa KOHl\eHTpal\Hja y jylliHOM )J;erry llenaroHje (OCW,l HaBe)J;eHHX HeKpOIorra TaKBH cy H rpo60BH Ha HaJIa3HllITlINla JIaCTajl\a ceno ,J:(parOlll, CT. l\pKBa BHCTpHl\a, BenH KaMeIba BepaHl\H64, HaMehy je)J;aH KpyrrHHjH rrpo6rreNL !1:3BecHa yrrope)J;H3 er3HCTeHl\Hja TyMyna XaJIIllTaTCKe Ky.llType H paBHHX apxajcKHxrpo60Ba KojwrrocerrynKpanHoj KOHl\errl\HjH rrpeTCT3BJbajy HelllTO HOBO, HHje caMO 0)J;pa3 H3BeCHor KOH3epBaTH3Nla Te erroxe, rrpHBpeMeHor OTrropa yKopeIbeHHX Tpa- . )J;Hl\Hja rrpei\la je)J;Boj HOBHHH; aKO OBe paBHe rpo60Be, CKOHl\eHTpHcaHe y jy<HOrrenaroHcKc.j CKyIIHHH, rrGBellieNlO 11 ca OCTaJrnM H3HeTHM MONleHTHMa rrpC')J;opOM MaTepHjana ca 0p;m1K3Ma KapaKTepHCT}l'.JHBM 3a N13Kep;OHCKO rrop;pylJje Kao H HeKHM yOLIeHHM KpyrrHH1\'l rrpOMeH3Ma y THrry HaCeJba Hallie 06JIaCH1 (Ha llITO heMo ce jCllI OCBpHyTt!), )J;aKrre 6P3HM H CKOpO rroTrryHHI\t xerreHH3Hp3IbeM I\laTepHjaJIHe KyrrType - l\eo T3j OlliTpH rrpenoM H HaCTane rrpOMeHe He 6H MorrrH 06jaCH}ITH caMO rrojaLIaHHM Be3aMa ca jyrOM. Taj KOHTpaCT crapoI', XaJIlllTaTCKJr H HOBOI', apxajcKor, MorrrH 6H aH3norHO yOLIeHHNl 36HBaIbHMa y cyce)J;Hoj ,J:(C'lbOj MaKep;oIDljH ca HajBehHM rrpOl\eHTC'M BepoBaTHohe 06jacH11TH HOBH,)l eTHl1LIKHM rrpHnl1BOM )J;OJIaCKOM JIHHKa y xanlllTaTCKO rrO)J;pyLIje JYlliHe llenarOlIHje, llITO 6H ce 11 BpeMeHCI<l1 rroTrryHo rrC'Knarr3no ca C'HHX rrap OCKy)J;HHX HCTOpHCKHX rrO)J;aTaKa KojHMa paCrrOJI:lllieMO 3a oBaj NlOMeHaT. OBO I\taKep;OHCKO rmeMe rrpo)J;pno je C jyra, H3 cyceJ],He Eop.o;aje, y jylliHH p;eo I13llIe KOTnHHe H Ty ce HaCTammo, rrOTLIHHHBlllH p;eo cTapOCep;eJIaLIKOr rrenarOHCKor ClaHOBHHlllTBa HJrn l1X rroTHcHyBlllH p;aJbe Ka ceBepy 65; C.BaKaB eTHHLIKH pacrropep; 3HaMO H H3 cnep;ehHx Bel<OBa. To je 6HO nOrHlJaH HaCTaBaK lllHpeIba 1vlaKep;oHal\a y IbHxOBOj HOBOj xanlllTaTcKoj P;OMOBHHl1 y KOjy rrp<:'p;Hpy ca ceBepa TecaJrnje Herp;e TOKOM VII BeKa; jep;Ho op; rrpBl1X oCBajaIba H3 l\eHTpanHo-MaKep;oHcKe paBHHl\e 6HJJO je BepOBaTHo H OHO Y rrpaBl\Y Eopp;ajeG6, 3aTO ce no HCTeKy VII BeKa HJrn rrOLIeTKC'MHapep;Hor H JIwHKecTH Mory OLIeKl1BaTH Beh Ha Trry cBoje HOBe P;OMOBHHe. lloMeHyrrH CMO rope p;a y OBO BpeMe rrap;a 11 BerrHKa rrpoMeHa y Tl1rry HaCeJba Ha pa3rrrep;aHoM jY)KHOnerraroHCKOM rrop;pyLIjy. HacyrrpOT paHl1juM CYPQBUM H HerrpucTyrr3LIHU1\'lXaJIIllTaTCKHM rpap;HrrUlllTHMa, paUlTpKaHHM yrrraBHOM no Bl1COKUM rrrraHHHCKHM rraCHlllTUMa, cap;a HULIe l\eo HH3 HOBHX, CMelllTeHHX Ha rrocrrep;lbUM H HajHHlliuM orpaHl\I1Ma 11 rrepmpepHHM Y3Bl1llleIbl1Ma Hap; caMOM paBHl1l\Om; Ha p;OXBaT cy Berr11KHX rryTeBa ,D;ylli paBHHl(e H 60LIHHX )J;orrHHa, 3 oBaj rrOJIOlliaj je CBaKaKO y Be3U H ca KopeHWTl1jOM 113MeHOM y rrpI1Bpep;Hoj CTpyKTypU CTaHOBHHlllTBa (eKcrraH3Hja 3eMJbOpa)J;Ibe Ha paLIyH p;OTap;alllIber CTOLIapcTBa). To cy rrpe CBera HaCeJba Y3 rrOMHIbaHe ap"<ajcKe HeKpOnOJIe a apXeOJIOlliKH MaTepujarr Ha Ibl1Ma yrryli.yje Ha HCTH nOLIeTaK lliHBOTa. YCTO, nOMUIbaHe HeKpOnOJIe no npaBl1rry cy Y3 rJIaBHU npHcTyn HaCeJbY, y.uaJbeHHX p;o 200 - 300 M. op; OBHX; Taj KapaKTepHCTl1LIaH OP;HOC 3aLIyljyjyhe je npaBUJIaH TaKO p;a ce npHJlli1<OM KOHCTaTHpaIb2 H3 TepeHy II')iep;HHHX o.u OBHX HaCeJba JIaKO Morao HKCHpaTl1 11 norrollia; HajCTapnie HeKponorre, O}IHCCHO 06pHyTO. CBa OBa HaCeJba npop;ylliyjy lliHBOT H Kp03 crrep;ehe BeKOBe p;y60KO y aHTHLIKy enoxy.

OOpMJbeHe HOBe KyrrType ca jClil KaCHoapxajcKH1\t c6errellijHMa, Kcja je nOTBpljeHa H HU30M HCT<Bpe'\leHHX Harra3a Ha MaKC'p;OHCKOM H CyCC'P;ROM HrrHpo-nec HCKC:'II rrop;pyLJjy.

Ha nap )J;aJbHX nerrarOHCKHX rpo6Hl1X HaJIa3a H3 llenmena-BepaHl\H, Berre UpKBe-Bpop; H HeKpOrrOJIe nop; cerrOM Ba611HO MO)Kemo npaTHTH p;aJbH cTynaIb xerreHH3HpaIba MaTepHjarrHe KyrrType, op;pallieH y npOl1rry Beh

H 68

rp06HHM KOHCTpyKl\HjaMa HaBep;eHHX nerrarOHCKHX HaJIa3HllITa BeOMa Marro 3HaMO. HeKporrona KOP; cerra Ba6HHO, 6JIl13y aYTorryTa BUTOJIa-l(HLIeBo YCTBapH BemIKor npaHcTopHcKor H aHTHLIKor rryTa KOjU je U3 lleJIaroHl1je BOP;HO npeKo OBor nop;pyLIja 3a l1JIIrpCKe 3eMJbe Ha ceBep03anap;y H ceBepy, cacfJjarra ce H3 rp060Ba rpaljeIDIX op; KaMeH}IX nrrOLIa-l\HCTHG7. Op; rp06HHx Harra3a Op;aTJIe nOTHLIe jep;aH 6pOH3aHl1 llIrreM rpLIKO-HJIHpCKOr THna, 6POH3aHe p;BojHe HrJIe-yKoCHHl.\e >>Tpe6eHHllIKor THna U neprre
67. IloAallM 0 OBHM rp060BHMa, paCKorraHHMHenle 1948-50 rOAHHe, ca"lyBaHH y TepeHCKOM3arrHcHHKy OA rroceTe HaJIa3HIllTY 1952 r. (eKHrra ApxeoJI. My3eja y CKorrjy); OAaTJIeje Ta~a rrpHKyITJbeHO3a HCTH MY3ej H HeKOJIHKO HaJIa3a, Koje je ca"lyBao MeCHH y"lHTeJb.

lvlaTepHjaJI ca OBHX HaJIa3HIllTa y 6HTOJbCKOM MY3ejy.

F. Geyer, PWRE Ibid., 699, 701.

XIV,

1, s. v. Makedonio:l, 652.

Ha rJIaCHHI.1y74. OBaj 06H<faj rr03Hajy H HJIHpCKe HeKporrOJIe y AJI6aHJijH75. CrraJbHBalhe cpeheMO y OBO BpeMe (O,i:\HOCHOTOKOM V BeEa) H Ha rrO,i:\PY<fjy Jy>KHe ByrapcKe, Be3aHO - CJIHt.IHO HeKporro.rra Ha 6JIaroj XY1\lI.\H nBeJ1a I.1pKBa HacrrpaM HJIHpCKHM HaJIa3HWTHMa H ,i:\aJbe 3a TyMyJIe, Kao crreywha J eJ1aWKe peKe y UpHy, OKO 2 KM. 3arra,i:\HO O,i:\ ceJ1a I.1HepH'-IHOTpa<fKO 06eJ1e>Kje76. Bpo,i:\, je,i:\Ba je Ma1be oCKy):\Ha rr0,i:\aI.1HMa. O,i:\ IDI3a rpoCrraJbHBalhe H Heo6H<fHO BemIKe (H MaJle) KaMeHe 60Ba pa30peHHx rrpoKOrraBa1be1l1 je,i:\HOr KaHaJ1a caMO je H3 TaKO je,i:\HOr, CKeJ1eTHOr, Ca<fyEaH ueJ10KyrrHH HHBeHTap: CJ1H- KOHCTpyKI.1Hje o,i:\pmaJ1e cy ce KaKO y IIeJ1aroHHjH H Ha cyce,i:\HH1\l OKOJ1HHMHaJ1a3HWTHMa ):\0 y Bpe,\leHa rrpeKaHa I.1PHoqllirYPHa ojHoxoa, I.1pHOepOpHHCOBaH CKHepOC J1a3a PaHor y II03HO pHMCKO I.1apCTBO, HcnylhaBajyhH 6e3 H ,i:\eo BeJIHKe aMepope ca Tparomma HCTor epHpHHca, CEH O,i:\ Bem13 epHHe rJIHHe CBeTJ10>KyTe 60je68 (c.rr. rrpeKH,I:\a erroxy 0):\ CKOpO ocaM BeKOBa. Jow je rrpHJ1H<fHO HepaCBeTJbeHa H3HeHa,i:\Ha rrojaBa OBor HaqHHa caXpatbH6d, e). Balha y OBO ,i:\068. Ha rro.o:pyqjy Y3 ceBepHy rpaHHI.\Y '{eneHrp06 Ha IIeTHJ1erry, 6Jiaroj rra):\HHH He,i:\aJ1eKO ayToCEe KyJITypHe cepepe Ha BaJIKaHY. HaHMe, 3a 1by 6H 6HJia rryTa BHToJIa-IIpHJIerr H OKO 2.5 KM. jy>KHO 0):\ ceJIa Be,l:\eJ1HMHqHO rrpHXBaTJbHBa pa31'1'1aTpa1baKoja je Hep;aBHO paHI.1H, TaKoqe HHje OTKorraH y I.1eJIHHH; OKOJ1Ha KaMeHa y je.o:HOM pa,l:\y 113HeO !{O,l:\ Hac CpejoBHh rrojaBa KOHcTpyKI.1Hja OCTana je HeHCTpa>KeHa a caMO je y Cpe,i:\HCrraJbHBa1ba Koja je Be3aHa yBeK 3a nepHO,i:\e BeJ1HKHX rroWlheill AeJ1Y HCTe KOHCTaTHpaH rp06HH rrpHnor. Ii3BaqeH Tpeca y KYJITypH je,i:\He 06naCTH, Koja HHje O,l:\peqeHa yBeK je CBaKaKO HajBehH ,i:\eo HCTor: y BeJIHKOM 6pOH3aHOM XPOHOJIOWKIUI MO'\1eHT01\1 J.ITHYCJ10BJbeHaMHrpaI.1HjoM HJIH H KpaTepy (KOjH je 6HO nOKnOIIJbeH BepOBaTHO Kpy>KHOM caMO yTHI.1ajeM ca CTpaHe, Beh peBonYI.1HjaMa y rrpHBpe,i:\KaMeHOM nJIO<fOM HaqeHoM nOKpaj lhera), 6HJIH cy cKyrrHOM, .o:pywTBeHoM H KyJ1TypHOM norJ1e,l:\y77. JbeHH OCTaI.1HH3rOpeJUiX KOCTHjy nOKojHHI.1e H HaKJ'iT; y Y BpeMe Ka):\a ce jaBJbajy HaBe,i:\eHH rp060BH ca crra6JIH3HHH KpaTepa nemaJIa je BeJiHKa 6pOH3aHa aMepopa H JbHBalheM CTBapHO cy YOqJbHBe TaKBe npoMeHe: y rrpH,i:\eJIOBHHajMalhe TpH ,i:\pyre 6pOH3aHe rrocY,i:\e, Kao H je,i:\aH Bpep;HOl'rl norJ1ep;y ojaqaHa eKOHOMCKa 6a3a H OCJ106aqa1be rmIReHH CKHepOC, c60jeH I.1pHHM epHpHHCOM: (cn. 7-12).69 npOH3BO,i:\HHX BHwKOBa, Wl0 YCJ10BJbaBa 110TeHl.\Hpa1be TpHaKHT ce cacTojao 0,i:\ 3JIaTHe MaCKe, TpH npHBeCKa H ,i:\Be rOBaqKHX ogHoca ca rrpHMaMJbHBHM jymHHM rrapTHepOM HaywHHI.1e 0,1:\HCTer MeTaJIa, 3aTHM ,i:\Be Hrne ca nJiO<faCTHM xeneHCliliM cyce.o:J.IMa; y APywTBeHoM Cl'rIHCny - Heje,llHaKa ["JIaBa.\la, ,l:\Be epH6yJIe, ,i:\Be rpHBHe H ,l:\Ba rrpCTeHa CBe pacrrop;eJia Harnor npHJIHBa MaTepHjaJIHHX ,i:\06apa lhH0,1:\cpe6pa, 6poH3aHe rrHHI.1eTe H mlCKe 0.0: 75 Hpyrma aMXOBO KOHI.1eHTpHCa1be y pyKaMa nojeAHHal.\a H aHaJIOrHO opepHa KOMa,i:\a hHJIH6apa. TOMe OWTpO ,i:\HepepeHI.1Hpalhe je,i:\HHKH yHyTap npe>KHBeJ1e POl\OBCKO-TIJIeMeHCKe 3aje.o:HHI.1e. Ii Haj3a,l:\, rrpOMeHe y KyJITypHOM Cl'rlHCJIy: WHpOKO npHXBaTalhe CBHX TeKOBHHa ,i:\aJ1eKOHap;l'rlohHe XeJ1eHCKe I.1HBHJIH3aI.1Hje, qHjH je O,l:\pa3 rroce6HO YOqJbHB Ha npe,i:\MeTH.M.a maTepHjaJIHe .YJ1Type. rp060BH H3 Bene UpKBe-Bp<,,i:\ H BepoBaTHo Ba6HHa jow cy CKeneTHH, KOjH ce H8,i:\oBe3yjy Ha orrHcaHH 06mIK MeqYTHM Y3a CBe QBe npOMeHe CTOjH je,i:\Ha CTaJIHO apxajcKHx paBHHX rpc60Ba VI BeKa; oBaj THrr mHBH H rrpHCYIHa qHlheHHI.1a, Koja je .o:06PHM .o:eJIOMH Y3pOt.IHHK ,i:\1Jbe Ha OK0JIHOM rr0,i:\pY<fjy MeqyTlinl Beh y cBOjOj 3aBpwOBHX; MHCJ1HMO Ha XeJ1eHCKYI.\HBHJ1H3aI.1~1 0 KOHTaKTHMa jy, HOj epa3H: I.1HCTe Ha MaKe):\OHCKHM HeKporronaMa KO,i:\ I<oC 1bOM. 0,1:\ lhe ce rrpHxBaTajy H rrpHBpe.o:He H APyWTBeHo3aHa, 3ejTHHJIHKa H 1\tlHKpa-I<apa6ypyHa70 HJIH neoHcKoj rrOJ1HTJ.IqKe epopMe 1-' C8,i:\pmHHa; HH.je JJH 3aTO H 06H.t.Iaj HeKporrC'JIH MapKoB I<aMeH KC',I:\IIITJUIcKor HOBer CeJ1a71 CrraJbHBa1ba y ,i:\aTOM cTeneHy xeneHH3Hpa1ba rrpJ.IxBaheH rrpeTCTaBJbajy rrOCJIe,i:\lhe rrpHMepe OBor cenyJIKpaJIHOr 060):\ jy>KHHX cyce,l:\a? J1HKa npe 1berOBe rroTrrYHe 3aJ\leHe CnaJbHBa1beM. YBH,i:\OM y HaqHH CaXpalh.HBa1ba Tor BpeMeHa KO.o:jy>KHHX cyce.o:a, MaKap H ,l:\eJ1HMH'-IHHM, ,i:\0J1a3Hl'r1O ,i:\o jegEe rpo6 H3 IIenmerra-BepaHI.1H Ca,i:\pa>KB80 je Beh crraKpynHe K01\lIIOHeHTe, MO>K,I:\a H rrpecy,[\He, 3a pewaBalhe JbeHOr rroKojHHKa. Ha>KaJIe'CT HajBehH ,i:\eo OBe rpo6He OBor TIp06JIeMa. IicnIHa je ,l:\a cy TaMO 06J1Hl.\H rpo60B8, KOHCTp)'KI.1Hje OCTao je HeHCTpa>KeH, HO y OBO BpeMe jaBJba THrrOBH lhHXOBe rpa)l1be H HaqHHH caxpalhHBalha ca,lla jow ce I.1eo HH3 aHaJIerHHX CrraJbeHHX rp060Ba Ha OBOMH ffiHpel'rl 3aMpwemljH H CJIOmeHHjH HO HKa)la paHHje; HCTOBpellleHa OKOJIHOM rro,l:\pY<fjy, <feCTO ca <fY,i:\HHMH BeOMa CJIOmeIDIM, nojaBa H er3HCTeHI.1Hja Hajpa3J1HqH1HjHx BH,i:\OBa CBHX THX BehHM HJIH MalhHM Ka1\leHHM KOHcTpYHl.\HjaMa (Tpe6eHHwTe, eJ1eMeHaTa qeCTO Ha je,l:\Hoj HeKporrOJlH cTBapajy H3Y3eTHe 72. ,Uel'rIHp I<annja, KapaopMaH KC',i:\ IInma I CrraJbHBalhe ca,i:\a TeWKohe. IIoce6Ho je rrHTa1be rrojaBe 06Ht.Iaja CrraJbHBalha Y3HMa l'rlaXa .0:0 .o:y60KO y HJIHpCKe 3eMJbe Ha ceBep H cey OBO Bpel'rle. 3a.o:OBOJbHheMO ce caMe je,l:\HH1\l 0,1:\HajBHwe Bep03arra,i:\; Ha ,i:\1Hawlhoj Cp6HjH TaKBH cy Harrp. I<apara<f KO.o:I<oc. MHTpOBHI.\e HJIH ATeHHI.1a KO,u '-Ia<fHa73, y BOCHH npHXBaTaHHX TIOI.\Hpa1ba OBor' e6Hqaja YHYTap XeJIeHCKe KCHHe, MHWJbelhe KaKBO je jow Ha rrOqeTKY OBor BeKa H3Heo H H. DragendOlf; HOCH0I.1H OBor 06Ht.Iaja 6HJ1H 6H 78 ' 6 MaTepHjaJI y 6HTOJbCKOM MY3ejy; 3a nop:aTKe 3aXBaJhyjeM MaJIOa3HCKH rpI.1H . Her,lle O,i:\ Cpe,l:\HHe VI BeKa, Ka,i:\a oBaj 06Hqaj HarJ10 IT. Ma'lKHhy, Tap:albeM p:HpeKTopy oBor MY3eja, KOjH je HCKonao HaBep:eHe npep:MeTe. Y3HMa Maxa rra Ha,i:\aJbe, rpo6He KOHcTpYHl.\Hje rrOJIaKO Ha6.. HHje HCKJhY'leHO p:a HCKonaHH npep:MeTH npep:CTaBJhajy nywTajy paH.Hje epopMe Koje cy HMaJIe ca,i:\a rrpe)liliBeny caMo p:eo rp06He l.\eJIHHe; 3a OBe HaJIa3e yn. H IT. Ma'lKHh-n. CH- CBPXY; BeJIHKe OCTpBCKe HeKpOnOJIe, Kao OHe ca Tepe 79, MOCKa, Haop:H op: JIOKaJIHTeTOT BHCOHH Kaf BHTOJIa, BMK.IJ: III (3-4, CKonje 1955, 75-78) npeTxop:}I!1 H3BeUITaj. 74 A. Benac-B. Covic, Glasinac 2, 40, Hall. 114; 48; - E. 1 G. Daux, op. cit., BCH LXXXIII, 1959-II, 695; - L. qOBHh, ITorpe6HH 06H'lajH npaHCT. CTaHOBHHKa rJIaCHHa'lKOr nop:Rey, Albania II (1927), 36; Zeintinlik; Ibid., 48 H p:. (Mikra-Kapyqja, r3M H. c. XV, CapajeBo 1963, 57. raburun). ". n. CpejoBHh, ITpaHCT. HeKpOnOJIa y n. BPlhHJ.1H, 102, 11. H. MHKYJI'lHh, HJIHpCKH apxajcKH rp060BH 113 OI<OJIHHe Han. 11. IIInma, CTapl1Hap H. c. XIII-XIV, I 97-2C9. ". B. Filov i dr., Die Grabhligelnekropole dei Duwanlij in ". Ibid. (nperJIep: aHaJIorHI1X I<OHcTpyKl.\Hja). Slidbulgarien, Sofija 1934, 190, 191, 229. ". n CpejoBHh, ITpaHcTOpHCI<a HeKpOnOJIa y n. BPlbl1l.\H, ". n. CpejoBHh, op. cit., 111. rJIaCHHK My3eja ARMO, IV-V, ITpHIIITHHa 1960, 105; HCTH, ". H. Dragendorf, Theraische Graber, Thera Bd. II, Berlin KoparaJI - Koc. MHTpoBHca, Arh~ol. pregled 2, Beorpap: 1960, 1903, 83 H p:. 73, 74; - M. 'Byi<Hl1h, YI!mpcKe xyMKe y ATeHI1l.\H,qa'laK 1960. ". Ibid.

0;:1 CTaKieHe rraCTe ca pa3H060jHH1\l Ol{U,H?,la (CJ1. 6b), cpe6pHe Haywmu.\e (6 i1J'1)f{H 06J1HK Ha>KaJ10CT HerrC3HaT) , :>heJ1e3HH BpXOBH KOrrJba H ,i:\p.

.n.

CaMOTpaKe80, TeHoca81, llnycTpyjy pa3HOBpCHOCT y BapHjaHTaMa OBEX KORCTpyKI.\Hja. 06wmj CrraJbHBalba HHje rroIllTegeo HH rp1.IKO KorrHO; KpajelVl VI H TOKOM V BeKa KpeMaI.\Hja je rr03HaTa H Ha ATHI.\H (EneY3HHa, LJ:paqm82), rra H y caMoj ATHHH (Ha LJ:HIIImoHy H rp060BHMa gym IIapejcKe ymII.\e83). KpelV18I.\J1ja ce caga jaBJba H Ha KacHoapxajcKHlVl HeKpOrrOJIaMa Boc<popa H ceBepHe I.\pHOMOpcKe 06aTIe (HllM<pej84, BOjKOBO KOg KepLIa85, IIaHTIlKarreJa86) rge ce BpeMeHOl\\ yKopeHllJIa a Be3aHa je 3a gona3aK xeneHCKHX KOnOHHCTa yrnaBHc,iVI J01baHa. CrraJbHBa1be U3 JOHHje rrpeHocH ce H Ha cycegHy TpaI{O-MaKegoHcKy o6any; KOHCTaTOBaHO je y OJ1llHTY (McT01.IHa HeKporrona 87), MIIKpa-Kapa6ypyHy, 3ejTHHJ1llI{y88. LJ:aJbH rryT OBor 06H1.Iaja y 3ane1)e o6aJIe (Ha rrp. CTpHlVIe89) II go rroiVIeHYTHx TpaLIKHx H HJ1llpO-rreOHcKHx HeKporrona ca KpeMaI.\1IjoM caga je naI{O CarnegHB. OBO 6P30 H naKO rrpHXBaTa1be lVlOme gorrycTHTH caMO BHCOKH CTerreH xeneHH3Hpa1ba CrraJbeHlIX nOKanlIIIX rrpBaKa, IllTO yocTanoM rroTBp1)yjy H rpo6HH Hana3H Y3 HCTe. IIo1.IeB og rope, oBaj 06H1.Iaj ce rrOCTerreHO IllHpHO y IIIIIpOKe Mace - Hana3H og V BeKa rra HagaJbe jaCHo rOBope 0 rroTrryHoj rro6egH HOBOI' cerrynKpaJIHOr o6nHKa. JOill OCTlJje mITa1be cg KOIDIKor je 3Ha1.Iaja 6HJIlJ caMa Be3a ca ErejoM, OgHOCHO gHpeKTHO rrpllXBaTa1be OBor 06H1.Iaja H3 cycegHor xeneHCKor CBeTa y OgHOCy Ha YHYTpdIll1bH pa3Boj CBeCTiI OgHOCHC rrocTojehe MOTHBe H rrpegHcrro3liI.\Hje KojH cy rrpHrrpeMHJ1ll TepeH 3a rrpHXBaTalbe HOBHX gyxOBHHX Kao H COI.\HjanHHx 06J1llKa. TunO/102uja Mamepujalla YOLIJbHBe cy gaJbe rrpOMeHe H Ha MaTepHjany rrpHJIOmeHOM y rp060Be OBor BpeMeHa, rroce6HO Ha MeTaJIHHM Hana3HMa. IIperJIC'gaheMo yKpaTKo KepaMII1.IKH <pOHg li3 OIIlicaHliX rp060Ba, KojeM BpeMeHCKa H T1:IrrOnOIllK1:I ogrOBapa II rrap HajMna1)IIx rrocyga II3 Harrpeg pa3rnegaHe HeKporrone IIporoH-ByKpII. CKII<pOCII II3 IIeTIIm:rra-BepaHI.\H U BeJIe UpKBe-Bpog rrparragajy jegHOM TIIrry, IIgeHTII1.IHU rro CKOpO CBHM geTaJbFMa; rrpeBy1.IeHli cy crrOJba II II3HYTpa I.\pHliM <pllPHIICOM - rrpurragajy rrpeTxogHIII.\ll OBor Ha1.IIIHa YKplJIllaBa1ba KojII ce jaBJba Beh rrpeg UCTeK apxajcKor rrepIIoga II y oBIIlVl KpajeBIIMa90, a KOjII he gomIIBeTII CBOjy rryHy a<pIIpMaI.\IIjy TOKOM KnaCII1.IHOr II p::moxeneHIICTII1.IKOr rrepIIoga. OBaKaB 06J1llK IIMajy II I.\PH0<pIIpHIIcoBaHII CKII<pOCII ca BIIIlle cycegHlix Hana3IIIllTa: caBpeMeHII rrpHMepaK H3 Tpe6eHIIIllTa 91, HeillTO Mna1)II KOMagII II3 PagonHillTa 92, 3ejTIIHJ1llKa, MIIKpa- Kapa6YPYH93.
80

Ha}I{anOCT, OBe CKt1<poce HeMomelVlO cIIrypHO Be3aTIl 3a HeKll og rr03HaTHjnx KepaMII1.IKIIX I.\eHTapa jep CBa o6enemja HHcy jegHHcTBeHa, a HII Hajy6e,!l;JbHBIIja. 3arramaMo HaHMe cnegehe: 06J1llI{ peJIaTIIBHO Ha j6J1llm!1, IIi'lla jy aTIILIKIl I.\pBeHo<pIIrypHII CKll<P0CII V BeKa 94; gpIllKe cy MaCIIBHe, anII HeMajy oKpyrny <popmy Kao aTIILIKe Beh ce npII6mImyjy 06J1llKy genTa. YCTO II Tp6yx ce cym;lBa HagOJIe HeillTO BIIIlle HO I{Og aTII1.IKIIX Ta ,!l;Ba apXaII1.IHa eJIeMeHTa TOIDIKO cy KapaKTepIICTII1.IHa 3a apxajcKe CKII<poce KOpIIHTCKor l{pyra ga HX He lVlOmeMO rrpeBH,!l;eT1l95. 11n8K, pa3J1llKyjy ce op, caBpilleHIIjIIx HMrropTOBaHIIX I<Oil'wga 06a H8BegeHa Kpyra, ca KojIIiVla ce, Kao IllTO je cnY1.Iaj ca HaJIa3IIIllTeM Mm,pa-Kapa6ypyH, Hana3e 3ajegHO. OCIIlVI 06JIIIKa Ha TO ynyhyjy II gpyra o6eJIemja IICTHX: BpCfa II 60ja rnIIHe, apxaIILIHII Ha1.IIIH II3page, cJIa6a <paKTypa II CBeTJIa 60ja ne1.Ie1ba :1 noce6HO Beoma cna6 II npIIJ1llLIHO rrOCTaH <pIIpHIIC Ha HaIllIIM CKV<pOCHMa C8CBIIM ce pa3JIIIKyjy og ageKBaTHIIX eneMeHaTa aTII1.IKIIX Ba3a, Koje y OBO BpeMe Beh cpeheMO Ha oBOM rrogpY1.Ijy (I.\PHo<pIIrYPHII npIIMepI.\II y Tpe6eHIIIllTY II MIIKpa-Kapa6ypyHy, HeillTO :vwa1)II I.\pBeHo<pIIrypHII y ByKpn, LJ:eMIIp Kanllju H HII3Y MaKegOHCKIIX Hana3IIIllTa). Pa3JIIIKa je CTBapHO BeIDIKa II TOJ1llO Y01.IJbHBa ga HeMa MeCTa Cyi'll1bII p,a ce OBe Ba3e npIInIIIlly aTII1.IKOM Kpyry, HeW); aTII1.IKoj nOKaJIHoj pagIIOHliI.1II96 IIJ1ll ga onOHailla IIcTy97. Pa/lUOHIII.\a OBUX 6ecyM1be je nOKaJIHa, g01beMlJKegoHcKa, lVle1)YTIIM CTIIn orroHarua1ba HIIje 1.IIICT. 11 I.\pHo<pIIrypHa ojHoxoa II3 Bene UpKBe-Bpo,I:\ rrprr1.IH1baBa CJ1ll1.IHe rroTeIllKohe. IIpBo 06nIIK: IIaKO y OCHOBHIIM I.\pTaMa MHoro rrogpamaBa aTIILIKIIM I.\pHocjmrypHIIM ojHoxoMa ca HCTeKa apxajcKcr nepIIoga98 HII3 eJIelVleHaTa By1.Ie K8 pOgOCKo-j OHCKOM Kpyry; TaKO, KpyTO II3,D;IIrHYTa TpOJ1llCHa yCTa HaJJ KojHMa ce gIIme ny1.IHa gpIllI<a II Koja CBOjHM CKOpO rrpenOMJbeHHM 1.IenOil'l 3ma3II y 1bIIX, MHoro cy 6JIIIma pOgOCKIIM ojHoxaMa VI BeKa. Y npIInor OBOMe IIge II ja1.Ie pa3BIIjeHo paMe II IllIIpII Tp6yx, HacyrrpoT aTII1.IKoj II3JI;ymeHIIjoj <pOPMII99. Me1)YTIIM Beoma cna6 I.\pTem II rpy60 ype3aHli geTaJbII Ha 60jeHIIM <pIIrypai'll3 yrryhyjy caMO Ha MHoro je<pTIIHIIjy, JIOKanHy II3pa,rry, BepOBaTHO Ha HeKy II3 HII3a mIIKCXeJIeHCKllX pagIIoHIII.1a rrpII06anHIlx rpagoBa XanKIIgHKa. 11 cna6 KBanIITeT <pIIpHIIca, cna6a LIBpcToha 3HgoBa II CBeTJIO myTa 60ja rJ!IIHe OBe Ba3e CJ1ll1.IHOrrpeTxC'gHIlm CKII<p0cllMa - rOB ope 0 TOMe y rrpllnor; yCTO OCTaje ga KOHCTaTIIpall10 II oBge II3BeCHY CTII)JCKy HejacHohy. OCHl'il Ha KepaMIII.\II OBaKBa CTIInCKa MeIllaBHHa jOlii je II3pa3IITIIja Ha meTanHIIM rrpegMeTIIMa. LJ:oTahII heMo ce rJIaBHIIX rrpeTCTaBHIIKa OBIIX. BeJIIIKII 6pOH3aHII KpaTep 6e3 gpIllKII II ca yByLIeHIIM YCTIIMa, KOjH HOCH Ha paMeHY arrnIII.\IIpaHe nnaCTIILIHe rroJIy06JIU1.IaCTe II. mIIBOTH1bCKe yKpace, 3aTIIM BeJIIIKa gBoyxa aM <Pop a og IICTor MaTepIIjaJIa, 1.IIIja je Hora yKpaIlleHa ype3aHIIM mOTIIBOM XaJIKIIgcKe KIIMe a TopgHpaHe ,l:lpIllKe 3a", B. EJIaBaTcHHj, op. cit" 48, 6p. 81. ". Ibid., 6p. 80; yn. H 60jeHe HOpHHTCHe npm,epHe H3 HeHponOJIe MHHpa-Kapa6YPYH - L. Rey, Alb2nia II, 48 H A., CJI. 12. 96. Cl1rYPHo onpeAeJbeHI1 HMnopToBaHH aTHqHH HOMaAH, ItaJIaH{eHI1 HaCeJbY11 HeHpOnOJII1y JJ:eMHpKanHjH, jeABa ce pa3JIHHyjy y OA H3H3eTHO6pojHHX Ba3a aTHHCI(HX MajCTopa 113o6m])I<1f>l1x aMq,HnomrcHHX paAHOHHl-\aV H IV BeI<a; 3a HCTeB, JJ:. ByqHOBl1h-ToAOPOBHh, AHTHqHa JJ:eMHp KanHja, CTapHHap H. c, XII, 1961, 229 H A., CJI. 29-80. 97. JIoHaJIHO nOApa}J{aBa1f>e aHTHqHoj HepaMHllH nOqH1f>eHnal{ AocTa HacHl1je - yn. Hanp. rpo6He Ba3e H3 K03aHa KOA G. Daux, BCH LXXXIII, 1959-II, 695 H A. ". B. EJIaBaTcHHj, op, cit" 50, 6p. 95. 99. Ibid., 6p. 94; M. Flat, CVA, France, Musee de Compiegne, Paris 1924, PI. 2.2; 3a HCToBpeMeHe aHTHqHe npHMepHe yn. HCTHCB., PI. 12.4,6,13, 16; AaJbe, CVA, France, Paris - Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris 1928, N2. 1 (S. Lambrino), PI. 45, 6, 7; N2. 2; PI. 62,11,12; 65.3-7; 66.1--4; CVA, Belgique, Bruxelles (F. Mayence), Paris 1926, PI. 6.1-6; 5.1-10.

G. Daux,

op. cit"

BCH

LXXXII,

1958-II,

681 (Samc-

thrace). G. Daux, op, cit" BCH LXXXIII. 1959-II, 723. ".l1cm, BCH LXXXII, 1958-II, 681; BCH LXXIX, 1955-1,
81

G. Zehetmeier, Leichenfe-brcnnung und Leichenbe,tatim alten Hellas, Leipzig 1907, J.C5 11 A. ", JI. CI1JIaHTeBa, HeHpOnOJI HI1Mq,eja, HeHponom, 6ocnopCHI1XropoAoB (peA, B. rajAYI{eBwI), 14. 85. C. KanOllJl1Ha, HeHpOnOJI B pajoHe nOCeJIHa 11M.BojHoBa 6ml3 KepClH, HeHpOnOJII1 6ocnop. r., le8 11 A. 86 E, KaCTa1f>aH,op. CiL, HeHpCnOJIH 6ocnop. r., 260. 87 Ibid. 88. L. Rey, op. cit., Albania II, 45, 49. ". G. Daux, op. dt., BCH LXXXIII, 1959-II, 717, 718. '0. Ibid.; B. Filov H dr., op. cit., 93, Abb. 115, 116 (QPHOq,l1pHHcosaHe Ba3e H3 MyuroBHlle, ca npeJIa3a VI Y V BeH). 91. B. JIaxToB-J. KaCTeJIHll' op. cit" JIHXHI1AI (1957), Ta6. XVIII, 10, 11. 92. lb. ITonoBl1h, PaAOmmlTe, 360pHHH paAOBa Hap. MY3eja EeorpaA I, 1958, 6p. 74, Ta6. I (rpo6 XIX). 93, L. Rey, op. cit., Albania II, 39, fig. 13 (rpo6 C); I1CTH, EeorpaA I, 1958, 6p. 74, Ta6. I (rpo6 XIX). Albania IV (1932), 72, fig. 9 (rpo6 XXIII).
8a

tung

BplllaBajy rrJIaCTHqHOM naJL)leTOM ca 3M1'Ijai\la y BO.rryrail1a }J;OJIe O}J;HOCHO }KHBDT1'IIhCKHM rJIaBaM.a Ha ropIheill KpP.iy) HajH3pa3HTHjH cy npeTCTaBHHI\H MeTaJIHOr rrocy1)a H3 rp06HHI\e y IIenlJIerry. OBe Ba3e nOTrryHo O}J;rOBapajy aHaJIOrHH.l\1Harra3H.'Ila lI3 Tpe6eIDIlllTa100 no CBHM }J;eTa.JbHi\la na <iaK H AHMeH3Hjal'ila. M He Cal'ilO OHe CTBapHO CKOpO CBH MeTamrn: npe}J;MeTH H3 OBor rreJIarOHCKor rpo6Hor HaJIa3a, npe CBera HaKHT, Hl'iIajy cBoje BepHe rraHpaHe Me1)y pana3M.)18 H3 Tpe6eIDIlllKlIX KHellieBCKHX rp06HHI\a. ,Uo6ap }J;eo OBHX rrpe}J;illeTa HOOI Kao yKpacHH eJIeMeHaT 3l'illiCKe rJIaBe 3HaK OHor 3arOHeTHor npOH3BO}J;Hor I\eHTpa HIDI YMeTHHqKOr Kpyra KojeM rrpHrra}J;ajy 06a HaJIa3HlllTa, HO HOjH jOlll Hl1je cHrypHo H,1:\eHTHcPHHoBaH. 3aTo, rOBopei'm o C}J;JUIKaMaMaTepujaJIa lI3 IIeTIIJIerra nOKpeheMo yCTBapH OHe rrp06JIel'ile 1(0jH cy UCHpCJIU OTHpHheM Tpe6eHUlllTa; HCTHHa, 360r cJIa6e HCTpallieROCTH llI1Iper HJIUpo-neOHCHor II MaKep:OHCKor nO}J;pyt.Ija OCTao je Tpe6eHHlllKU HaJIa3 }J;yro ycaill.JbeH, YCJIe}J;Tora Ba.Jb}J;a H TomIKO pa3JlliqHTHX MHlll.JbeIha no pa3HHM mITaIhHMa Koja je rroKpeHyo oBaj H3Bar-rpe}J;HU r-raJIa3. OCUi\l Tei\le.JbUTOr npHKa3a HCTor, 06jaB.JbHBat.I OBor Harra3a B. <PHJIOB H3Heo je U IDI3 3ana}KaIha KOjUX je Bpe}J;HO }J;a ce p;OTaI{r-rei\lO, 6e3 063upa Ha HeKa oTcTynaIha y IherOBOi\l TYi\lat.IeIhY HCTHX. He l'ilHCJIUi\lO nOHOBO pa3rJIe)laTH nnTalbe OP;p}KUBOCTHIherOBor MHlll.JbeIha 0 HOpHHTCKOj npOBeHHeHI\Hju 6por-r3aHHX Ba3a H cai\l <Pm10B

TaBe 6p. 79, iI'lOTHBHnOTOCOBor I\BeTa H xepanp;H'i}{a rpyna naBOBa Ha yKpaCHilla II p;p)104. HaBo}J;ehH IDl3 3HaJIOrHja H3 jy}!<He MTaJIHje 0,1:\KOjHX HeIDI Hep;Boj6eHo rrOTUt.Iy H3 Tai\lOlllIhUX XaJIKHp;CKUX KOJIOHHja, TaKo1)e rrpHi\lehyje H Ha Tpe6eHHllIKHl'i1 rrocyp;ailla rrOHeKH XaJIKH)ICKH ejreMeHaT H y jep;HOM. illOMeHTy rrpOTUBHO OCHOBHUj H)Ieju p;orrylllTa XaJIKHp;CKO nOpeKJIO :H3BeCHOM 6pojy 6pOH3aHHX rrocyp;a105. ,Ua 3aK.JbYQU,)lO jOllI jep;HoM IherOBOill orraCKOill rrocTojaIbe p;Be pa3IDIQUTe CTUJICKe rpyrre Ha nocyp;ailIa H3 Tpe6eHHlllTa; HapOt.IHTO je YOt.I.JbUBaTa pa3JIUKa KOP; opHaMeHTaJIHUX MOTHBa: Ha rrpe}J;i\1eTIiM.arrpBe rpyrre (KOjH cy nerrllle H 60.Jbe u3pa1)eHU) jaB.Jbajy ce HCK.Jbyt.IHBO 6HjbHH JllOTHBH, IHnnt.IIDI 3a xener-rCI<y YilleTHOCT. Ha rrpep;illeTHMa }J;pyre rpyDe HMaMO reOl'ileTpHCKe i\lOTHBe t.IHje je rrOpeKJIO jacHo - TO cy MOTHBHxanllITaTCKe, MaKep;OHCKO-}IjmpCKe Yi\leTHOCTH, p;aKne Herpt.IKe106. OBH rrpep;JlleTH HajBehui\1 p;enOill Beh cy orrpep;eIDlJIU rro}J;py<ije IhUXOBe npOH3Bop;Ihe. .i\tle1)YTHMIhHX je HeMoryhe U3p;BojunI op; rrpe,D;1)leTa npBe rpyrre (rpt.IKHX), jep pa3IDu<a y TeXHHt.IKoj H yMeTHHt.IKoj H3paJJ;H HHje HrraK TonHKO BeIDlKa p;a 6H ce MOrJIU OKapaKTepHcaTH Kao )>BapBapCKa lIMHTaWija rpt.IKHX H lilTO CBe 6pOH3aHe rrocyp;e 06ejy OBHXrpyna Hoce Kao OCHOBHO o6eJIe}Kje 3i\lHjcKe rnaBe rIa JJ;pllIKaMa 06eJIellije je}J;Hor Yl'ileTHllt.IKOr Kpyra HJIH 3HaK je)IHor npOH3BO}J;Hor I\eHTpa Y3 KOjH cy Be3aHH, lUTO je H <PHJIOB Beh yOt.IH0107. He}J;Boj6eHo rrocTojaIhe He MaJIOr 6poja jOHCKHX O,!:\HOCHO XaJIKH}J;CKHX eJIeMer-raTa yKa3yjy Beh KojHM npaBl.:leM Tpe5a HCTpa}KHBaTH. Me1)YTHM 3a nOI\llpaIhe caMor rrpoU3BO}J;Hor I\eHTpa 3arOHeTHor 3J)lHCKOr CTHJIa rrOMa}Ke HajBHllIe 6allI pacrrpOCTpaIheHOCT IherOBe MapKe. 3i\lHCKe rJIaBe Ha rpHBHaMa, cPH6yJIaMa, 3aBpllIeTWiMa yKpacHux rajTaHa, lllHrrQHI\a H }J;p. yrryfiyjy OBe rrpe}J;MeTe y HCTy CTHJJCKy rpyrry KOjOj rrpHrrap;a H rrocy1)e. OBH rrpe}J;MeTH MeljyTHM rrOTeHI\Hpajy aI<O He JIOKaJIHO rropeKno a OHO JIOKaJIHj U3pa.ny H rajeIhe OBor CTHJIa Ha HallIeM rrop;pyt.Ijy. rpHBHa ca 3MlICKHMrJIaBaMa Ha 3aBpllleTWiMa pacrrpoCTpaIheHa je CKOpO HCK.Jbyt.IHBOHa OBOMrrOilPj'ijyl08. J~BJba ce Kao }J;HpeKTHM HaCJIe}J;IDlK rrpOCTHX TaHKHX apxajcKHx rpHBHM ca 3ap;e6.JbaHHM KpajeBHMa KojH ce ca}J;a MO}J;eJIUpajy y rJIaBy 3MHje, a Koje CMO yOt.IHJIU Ha neJIarOHCKHM H }J;pyrHl\l cyce}J;HHM HaJIa3Hl'iIa TOKOMVI BeKa. Beh Ha rrpeJIa3Y VI y V BeK HOBa rpHEHa je }J;ocra t.IeCTO: Ha XHJI}J;Ht.IKHiIl Hana3HlllTHJlla109, H3Y3eTHO 6pOjHH npHMepI\U H3 Tpe6eHHlllTa, HallI IIeTHJIen-BepaHI\H, }J;a.JbePa}J;OJJHllITe, .I(eMHp KannjallO, Peqnu:a, ,Ue6ap, IIpHJIerrlll. OB}J;e ce He caMO o}J;oMahHJIa Beh rrOCTaJIa je}J;aH 0}J;OCHOBHHX06JIUKa HaKHTa KOjH ce, O}J;plliao H y cnep;ehHl'il BeKOBHMa. O}J;aB}J;e OTnoqHIhe H cBoje }J;a.JbellIHpeIhe Ha ceBep, y }J;y6HHj HJUlpCKHX 3eMa.Jba (Harrp. MpaMOpaI\ y Cp5HjHl12). M3BaH Halller rrop;pyt.Ija BeQMa je peTKa1l3; HrraK rrojaBa OBHX 3MHCKHX

Cll. 9. 3JIaTHa MaCKa (peKoHCTpYKUHja). (reconstruction) .

npH3Haje r-rerrocTojaIhe KOpHHTcKe 6pOI:3aHe HHp;ycTpHje apxajcKor nepHOp;a Kao H TO p;a r-reMai\lO jOllI r-rH jep;ar-r ICOpHHTCI<H 6pOH3aHH cyp; C KOjHi\l JllOlliei\lO ynopep;uTH Tpe6eHHlllKe rrpHMepI<e101. Hu IherOBe aJIy3Hje r-ra pa3BujeHo I<OpHHTCKOrpHqapCTBO rroce6HO KpaTepe ca KOJIOHeTaMa, KaO H i\lHOrO MJIa1)e HeKpOlcopHHTua102 r-rei\lajy peaJI10. B. Filow, op. cit., JOl, 102. HHjy OCr-rOBY.Beh je M. BacHh y jep;HOi\l OCBpTy nOBOp;Ol'il 105 Ibid., 105. KIhHre <PHJJOBa OllITPO pearOBaO r-ra IherOBe 3aK.JbYQKe, 106 Ibid., 100. 107. Ibid., 103. jacHo yI<a3yjyhH Ha r-rH3 eJIeJlleHaTa rrOpeKJIOi\l ca jyroHCToKa 108. IlopeKllo OBor MOTMBa MeJjyTMM,CBaKaKOje CTPaHO, OpHH3 MaKe}J;OHHje H XaJIKHp;HKa103. jemamlO; yn. P. Jacobsthal, Greek Pins, 73, fig. 64 (Khamiali Me1)YTHi\l H <PmIOB j e yOt.IHO I\eO HH3 jOr-rCHHXeJIeTekke) R fig. (47, 3aTHMP. Amandry, CoIL H. Stathatos III, Objets i\leHaTa Ha Tpe6eHHllII<HM rrap;HHaMa (o6JIHH Hare KpaTepa antiques et byzantins, 239, fig. 141 (tumul Sedmoro brace). 109. P. Am,ndry, CoIL H. Stathatos I, Les bijoux antiques, 6p. 63, ccPHHra-yKpac ca KpaTepa 6p. 68, BOJIyTe Ha P;plllI\U PL XXI, XXII. 110. ]b. IlonoBMfi, Pa,11oJililllTe, Ta6. X; BefiH 6poj OBaKBllX rpHBHH nOTHQe R H3 rpo60Ba VI-IV BeKa y JleMHp KanMjR - RCTe 100. B. Filow, Archaische Nekropole bei Trebenischte am y ApxeoJi. My3ejy y CKon.roy; He06jaBJbeHO. Ochrida-See, Berlin-Leipzig 1927, 52, Abb. 49-52 (N2. 68); Abb. 111. H. ByllHfi, Je,11aHHOBHrp06 KO,11 pe6emllllTa, T rCHJl XI, 59-62 ( -0. 71). 101. Ibid., 104. CKOnJbe 1932,40; B. flaxToB, CKHl.\a XpoHollonlje, 126; - Jl. ra10'. Ibidem. . pal1laH>lH, KaTallor MeTalla, IlpaMcTopMja I (1954), 63, T. XLI, 2. 112. M. rapalllaHl1H, Halla3 H3 rBo3,11eHor ,1106ay MpaMOpl.\y 103. M. BacHfi, HeKponOlla y OKOJIHHH OxpH,11a, CpncKH KlbHH np06lleM I1JiHpa y Cp6HjH, MY3ejH 2, Eeorpa,11 1949, 126, 130. )f{eBHHrllaCHHK XXXV, 1928, 221 H A.; 299 H A.; 3a maJbelbe je 113. IlpRMepUH H3 ,11YBaHllHjaHanpHMep (E. <PHJiOB HAP., ca~1OUlTOje HCTHayrop, nOBe,11eH HeKHMcy6jeKTHBHHMHH,11HUHjaMa, oBaj Halla3 HeonpaB,11aHo CMecTHO ~1Horo HH)f{e y XPOHOllOlllKOill JlYBaH.illij, 44, 45, Cll. 51, 52), npnna,11ajy jOlll nepHepHjM OBor CMMclly. perHOHa; 3a Haila3e ,11aJbeHa MCTOKY yn. Han. no,11 108.

eJ1e.\'leHaTa Ha TaKBHill HaJ1a3HMa iIa IIOHTy HJlli AHaTOJ1HjH Ha:'rlehy 3aKibyt.JaK 0 jOHCKOil'l Co):\HC'CY OpV jeHTamIO!\'l rropeKJIY. CJIyt.Jaj je H):\eHTHt.JaH rrp06J1cMy H HeKHX ):\pyn-.X 06JlliKa OBe rpyrre rrpe):\MeTa ():\BojHe HrJIe Ha rrpHi\lep HnH illaJIOa3HCKe <pH6YJIe), KOjH, MaLIa CTpaHor rropeKJ13, CBOj rrYHlI pa3Boj H Hajrmlpy yrroTpe6y ):\OCTH}Ky 1-13 iIlaKe):\OHCKO-HJllipCK01\1 rrpOCTpaHcTBy; Ty cy Hajt.Jewhe, Haj6poi1-lHje, Kao KyJITypHO 06eJIe}Kje HajKapaKTepHCTHt.JHHje, Me!)yTHM ca THilie He Tpe6a 3aillelbHBaTH H rrojaill rrOpeKJIa caMor 06JIHKa.

3MHjcI{e rJ1aBe Ha 6pOH3aHOM rrocyljy OBor BpeMeHa cpeheMO y jow je):\Hoj 06JIaCTH rpt.JKor CBeTa, Jy}KHOj MTaJIHjH. OBaKBe rrocy):\e Kao Tpe6eHHWKe, tIeCTO H,lIeHTHtIHe HaWHM rrpHi\'lepl\HMa, rr03HaTe cy ca BeJlliKOr 6poja Tai~lOWI-hHX HaJIa3HlliTa (JIeoHTHHH, KHille, CaJIa KOH3}IJTHHa, TIoMrrejH, IIecTyM H ):\p.)1l5 . .II:~6ap ):\eo OBHX Be3aH je 3a HaJ1a3HWTa XaJIKH)J,CKOr rrOpeKJla. CTHJTCKOill aHaJll13CiI'l ):\OJIa3H ce )J,O yrJlaBHOM HCTHX l1H)J,Hl\Hja1l6. Haj3a)J" H XaJIKH):\CKa KepaMHKa l<aO t.JecnI rrpaTHJIal\ OBe apxajcKe TopeyTHI{e 3aCJly}Kyje rrcce6Hy rra}KlbY 3a lbcHO 6nH}Ke C):\pe!)HBalbell 7 .

Cn. 10. EpoH3aHlr HpaTep, TIeT>IJIen.Petilep.

Fig. 10. Cratere de bronze,

0):\ rroce6Hor 3Hat.Jaja 3a OBO rrHTalbe je H 3MHjcKa rJIaBa Ha <pH6yJ1ail'l3 MaJ10a3HCKor .nma. HajcTapHjH rrpliMepl\H OBHX jaBJbajy y rOpwrqHY Beh }<pajeM VIII BeKa a y cJ1e):\eha ):\Ba BeKa wHpe ce H3 <'PpHrHje u y cyce):\He rpt.JKe rpa,rroBe (JhIH,l:\OC, E<pe3)1l4; OB):\e Me!)ynIil'l jow llliCy ):\CCTHrJIe cBOj rryHH pa3Boj HHTH HMajy Ha HC3H J:(eTaJb y 06JlliKy CTHJIH3HpaHe 3i1'IHjcKe rJ1aBe (y6at.JeH y Me!)yrrpocTop H3i1'le!)y ):\Ba JIOrrTaCTa YKpaca Ha H03H), l<OjH ):\o6ujajy Tel< Ha illal<e):\OHCKOM TJIY.
McnIHa, Me!)y rrpBlIJ\1 rrpHl\lepl\lIJ\la KojH cy Ha HaweM rro):\pyt.Jjy jaBJbajy Beh Ha HCTeKy VI BeKa, il'lHorn cy jOlli 6e3 OBor ):\eTaJba (HalliH rrpH!\'lepl\H H3 IIeTHJIerra, H3 rpo60Ba IX H X Ha Tpe6eHHwTy H ):\p.); OH rrocraje o6aBe3aH Ha rrpHMepl\Hilla OBor rro):\pytIja H3rJIe):\a He3HaTHO KacHHje. (.II:eMHp KaIDIja, KapaOpil'l3H KO):\ llITHrra, IIITHrrcKo HOBo CeJIO, 6pOjHH rrpHMepH Ha Tpe6eHHIlJTY, Pa):\OJIHWTe, Ol<. COJIYHa) H Kao TaKaB er3HCTupa Ha <pli6yJIail'l3 OBor rro):\pytIja):\o rrOt.JeTKa rr03Hor XeJIeHH3Ma (UpKBHWTe-EepaHI.\H, )KHBOjHO, Tpe6eHo KaJIe, BOJIKOBO, 1.IerurroBo, OXPHLI, TIpHJIerrel\, BapOlli, TIpHJ1err, CT . .II:ojpaH H ):\p.).

3a rrpecyp;aH 3Hat.Jaj XaJll{H):\e y O)J,HOCY xanKH)J,Ht.IKOHa -lI13Kep;OHCKO rrop;pyqje TOKC'M rrpBe rronOBHHe rrpB' ,r MHJ1eI-mja CT. e. rOBope HCTOpHjCI<H rrop;al\l-I. C lbOM YCTBapli H rrOt.IHlbe rrpaBa XeJ1cHH3al\Hja OBHX I<pajeBa, Map;a YAeo I{OjH je )J,ana y KyJ1TypHOill pa3Bojy OBor rrop;py'Ija j\'lO}KeMO Ha OCHOBy apXe0J10WKOr MaTepHjaJ1a H rrocTojehHx TpeTHpalha 0 OBor rrpc6J1eMa cal'110 p;a HaCJIyTHMO. Pa3BHBwH ce Me!)y rrpBHMa ep; xeneHCKHX rronHca y MohaH rroMopcKH TproBat.JKH rpap;, Xammp;a rrpep;Y3HMa rrpBa C'P; CBHX KC'noHH3aTopCl<e aHl\Hje: H3 OBor ey6ejcK:::>r rpap;a nOt.JeJIO je Beh y IX BeKy 3arrceep;albe 06ana JOHcKor l\tlopallS; TOKOM VIII BeKa HHt.Jy lbeHe KOJIOHHje Ha 06anaMa CHl\HnHje H MTanHje, HO HCToBpeMeHo H HH3 KOJIOHHja-MaTHl\a Ha MHoro 6nH}K j, cycep;Hoj o6aJlli BeJIHKOr Tpat.JKor rrC'JIYOCTpBa Koje y lbeHy t.JaCT Beh TpH MHJIeHl1ja HOCYI liille XaJII<H,l.\HK119. To 6H 6HnH rrpBH cHrypHH xeneHCKH p;OWJbal\li Ha OBOj 06aJIH - yKOJIHKO He pat.JyHaM::J Ha OHHX nap cTapHjHx rpap;OBa HI1KJIHX Ty rro rrpe)IalbY jow y MarJ10BHTa BpeMeHa nocne TpojaHCI<Or paTa (EHea, CKHOHe, TopOHe)120, HO KojHMa je JIereHp;a 3ac3)J,a jep;HHa nOTnopa. TJKOM VII BeKa XaJIKH!)aHHMa ce rrpHp;py}Kyjy H KOJIOHHCTH ea AH):\poea HHqy rrOJIHCH AKaHT, CTanlpa, CaHe H p;p.121; 3a OBO rrop;pytIje rrOt.JHlbe p;a ce 3aHH1'IIa H TIapoc H p;oyrH JOlbaHl1122, Me!)yTH1'II e-CHOBHH TOH p;ajy My H lIaJbe XanKHljaHH t.JHja P;OllIl1Hal\Hja je OB)J,e H3pa3HTa, CBe )J,O lbHXCBor l-IaCmIHOr YKJlarralba y 1'IIaKe):\OHcKy p;pn<aBy Cpe)1HH01'll IV Bea CT. e.123. 3a pa!)al-he <pH3HOHoMHje pa3rJ1ep;aHe 1'IIaTepHjaJIHe KyJIType 6HO je CBaKaKO rrpecyp;aH H op;Hoe I{OJIOHa Ka ayTcXTOl-lHlIla. 3a pa3JIHKY 0):\ BehHHe OCTaJlHX CJIytIajeBa rp;e ce XeJIeHH p;yro o):\ynHpy CBaKOM !Vlewalby ca BapBapHMa, OB):\e yOt.IaBaMO H3pa3HTH MHKCXeJ1eHH3aM. CTora H MewoRUTH KapaKTep Harrpe)J, pa3rJIep;aHHX Harra3a ynopep;a er3HCTeHl\Hja rptIKHX H p;oMahHX eJIe1'lleHaTa H lbHXOBO ea}KUMalbe rrocTaje il1HOrO jacHHjH. Beh je TYKH):\HP; 3a6eJIe)f(HO HH3 j\lelliaHHX{( rpap;OBa XeneHa H rrOJIYBapBapa: rpa):\oBH: Tis, Kleone, Akrotooi, Olcfiks H Dion Ha xanKH):\Ht.IKOMrrOJ1yocTpBy AKTe HanpHMep, HaCeJberm cy OCHM
lIS. B. Filow, op. cit. (Trebenischte). 102, 103; - P. Sestieri, An undergrund Shrine at P2estum, Archaeology, AlA, vol. 9 no. I (AlapT J 956). n 11 A. 116. G. Vallet-F. Villard. Un atelier de Bronziers: sur l'ecole du cratere de Vix, BCH LXXIX, 1955-1, 50 11A; - J. Charbonneaux, Les bronzes, grecs, Paris 1958, 88. 11'. G. Valier-F. Villard, op. cit., 73; 11CT11, ceramique La grecque de Marseille, 1960, 141. "'. Wilamowitz-Moellendorf, Homerische Untersuchungen, n. 172 - npeNla 1. Degmedzic, Amantini, VAMZ III, sv. II, Zagreb 1961, 143. 119. Oberhummer, PWRE III, Chalkis, 2080; I1CTI1,Chalkidik, 2069, 2070. "0. PWRE 1/1, CB. Eneja, 1009; III A, s. v. Skione, 529; - VI A, s. v. Torane, 1797. 121 PWRE III A, 2125; - II, 2229; - I, 1147. 122. 1. Venedikov, Paros und Chalkis in der Fri.ihgeschichte 'Thrakiens, Klio 39, 1961, 31 11 A. 123. Oberhummer, PWRE III, Chalkidik, 2073, 2074.

1". Chr. Blinkemberg, Lindos, fouilles et rechereches 1902-1914, I, Les petits objets, TIn. 8.ill, 116; - G. Hogahrt, The arhaic Artemision, PI. V, 3,4,5; XI, 16, 22; XVII, 4, 10, 11.

KOJIOHa H IIeJIa3rlIMa, KpeCTOHHMa, EH3aJITHMa, E~OHliMa124. ,I!;a ayToxToHH ,n;OCTa 6P30 l1pWmaTajy XeJIeHCKe TeKOBHHe rOBOpu H mlIlIe ~PYrliX nOilaTaKa. TaKO, HajMoliHHjH rpa~ Ha XaJIKH,n;HT-IKOMnOJIyocTpBy IIaJIeHe OJIHHT, ~O cy~60HocHe rO)J;HHe 479 (nepcHcKo pS3apalhe) je 60TUejcKH, MaKe~oHcKH125. HJIH pa~1O KOBalhe HOBl\a - ynope~o ca rpqKHM ry cy U TpaKo-MaKe~oHcKe I{OBHlil\e, Koje ce CKOpO HU no qea\Y He pa3JlliKyjy UJIH u3~Bajajy O~ npmu[. HaHMe, o~ nOCJIe,n;lhHX ,n;el\eHlija VI BeKa ,n;o OKO ro,n;HHe 480 (nepcucKa oKynal\uja), ~a ce OrpaHH"lU!\lO caMO Ha oBaj paHU nepHO,n;, OB,n;e Kyje cpe6pHH HOBal\ 6JIH3Y 30 nOJIHca (O~HOCHO Heynope,n;HBo Behu 6poj, Y3MY JIU ce y 06311P U OHe BllIlIe ~eceTHHa jOlli Heo,n;peljeHlix eMucuja iIIaKe,n;OHCKor HOBl\a, KOBaHor o,n; 6e3HMeHUX rpa~OBa Tora no,!!pyqja) 3aUCTa H3Y3eTHa KOHl\eHTpal\llja Ha TaKO OrpaHUqeHOM npoclopy12G. OBO 06uJbe cpe6pHor HOBl\a rOBOpu U 3a BeOam jaKe n paHe TprOBaqKe Be3e ca lhUXOBHi\\ 3aJIeljeM, 1',n;e je HOBal\ II HaJIa>KeH. OCHM OKOJIHOr TpaKO-1\laKe,n;HOCKor no~pyqja, ca Kojer nOTllqe BehnHa OBaKBHX HaJIa3a, HOBl\ll OBor BpeMeHa CTU>Ky II ~aJbe Ha ceBep, y neOHCKe II llJIHpCKe 3ei\lJbe (TpM060JIH AKaHTa ~o ~aHallilher Illnma M KOCOBa IIoJba, UCTOBpeMeHU apxajcKH npH1\\epl\U 1'pa~a Ihne (?) U MeH,n;a ,n;o CeBepHe IIeJIaroHlije127. OHU HaM yje.v:HO noTBpljyjy U npaBal\l1peHOllielha U JIOl\Hpajy nOpeKJIO ,n;pyrHx l1peilMeTa pa3rJIe,n;aHe rpyne. H Haj3ag, Kp03 OBaKO paHy nojaBy orpOMHor 6poja KOBHlil\a cpe6pa, ca KOjHM MO>Ke il8 ce ynopegH 1\\aJIO Koja 06JI3CT y OKBHpy XeJIeHCKe KOUHe, 1\\O>Ke ila ce HaCJIyTu HelliTO 1\11-101'0 Ba>KHlije: OCUa\ 3aBHgHe eKOH01\lCKe Mohu OHa HaroBeIlIhyje U jaKy MeTaJIyprujy. H3BaHpe,n;Ha PYilHa 60raTCTBa XaJIKu,n;HKa ca 3aJIeljeM IIaH1'ejcK01\l rOpOM 6uJIa cy CBaKaKO ,n;Q6pHM ,n;eJIOM Y3POK KOJIOHU3Upalha OBe 06JIaCTU128. XaJIKH,n;cKu KOJIOHHCTU KOjU cy qyBeHll ey6ejcKy TopeyTllKy npeHeJIU y Jy>KBy M Cpe,n;lhy HraJIHjy (ETpypUjy), ,llOHeJIH cy je JIOrUqHO U Ha XaJIKM,n;liK; CBaKaKO 3aBH,n;aH npOl\BaT MeTaJIypruje (u y CKJIOny HCTe noce6Ho 3JIaTapcTBa) y OBOj 06JIaCTU, Koja je noqeJIa BepOBaTHO jOlli Oil cnellll<pUqHUX 06JIUKa l{aCHOreoMcrpucKUX 6POH3H ,n;a 6u KpajeM apxajcKo1' nepllo,n;a ,n;OCTU1'rra U HajBUllie ,n;OMeTe, a l1po,n;Y>Kurra ,n;a 6pUJbHpa M Kp03 Hape,n;HH nap BeKOBa, 6ecyMlhe je ,n;erro OBUX MajcTopa129. OClli\1 3rraTapCTBa TO Ba>Kli He 1\Ialhe U 3a 6poH3any TopeyTliKy; 3a KaCHoapxajcKe nocyp,e 1I3 Tpe6eHUIlITa, IIcrMrrena-Ee-

paHlll'I, HOBOI' IIa3apa, CBaKaKO ce He MO>Ke BHIlIe rOBOPMTlI Kao 0 npOll3Bo,n;liJ,\a KOpUHTCKHX lIJIU JIaKe,n;eMOHCKHX pa,D;HOHHl\a. IIpecy,n;aH 3Haqaj J omlje, noce6HO Ey6eje 3a TpaKO-l\\aKe,llOHcKy o6arry He Tpe6a nOHOBO ,n;a UCTUqel\lO. ,I!;OBOJbHO je nOTceTHTll Ha onIlITHja KyJITypHo-eKOHOMCKa 36MBalha Ha llillpeM xerreHCKOM no,n;pyqjy TOKO,'\ VI BeKa, Ka,n;a npllMaT y CBa.xOM ncrJIe,n;y npuna,n;a Jomljll 1I Ka,n;a ce XaJIKH,n;a np06uja y npBe pe,n;OBe KaKO y 06rracTH Ereje T31<O 1I Ha lITarrCKOM 3ana,n;y, nOTHcKyjyhH CBe BlIllie KOpHHT, qHjH je 3Haqaj y II norrOBUHH VI BeKa HarJlO onao130. BpojHe aHaJICrnje 06JlliKa 1'13Jomrje ynyhyjy yrrraBHOi'i\ Ha OBy 06JIaCT Kao H3BOPHY 3a i\\aKe,n;OHcKy TopeYTHKY, i\Ieljynil\l OBUl\\ ce HapaBH_O He HCKJbyqyje nocTojalhe JIOKaJIHHX pa,n;HOHHl\a - BehHHa" Ifpe~i\1eTa ca TpaKC-m3l{e):(OHCKor U UJIlIpCKO-neOHCI<or no,n;pyqja, CBaKaKO H omlx 3a Koje ce C6H<IHO npe,llllOCTaBJba ,n;a cy npOU3Bo,n;H rpqKHX ropeyTCKHX l\eHTapa, paljeHa je BepOBa-r}1O y" OBHi'i\ pa,n;HOHHllama, o,n; xarrKHgcKHx TopeyTa U rrOKarrHMX MajcTopa HHcnHpHcaHHx jOHcKHM y30puMa. O,n; npe,n;li>e rpyl1e npe,n;MeTa, MeljYTHM y CKJIony HCTHX HaJIa3a, pa3JIHKyje ce nap 06rruKa KojU ByKy nOpeKJIO H3 je):(Hor ):(pyror ,n;erra rp<IKor CBeTa. Ty cnaga urJIa ca nJIOqaCTOM 1'JIaB01\I.. n03HaTa ocnM H3 HallieI' HaJIa3a IIeTlIJIerr-EepaHllll U 1'3 Tpe6eHlllliTa (rp060Bu IV, VII-X), Pa):(oJIHIlITa131, OJIHHTa132, CBaKaKO nerronOHeCKor nOpeKJIa. Crre,n;ehH npe,n;MeT BepOBaTHO lICTe npoBeHlleHllHje je rpqKO-UJIlIpCKH lliJIeM, n03HaT U3 HaIlllIX HaJIa3a EYKPM 1I Ea6uHo aKO noljeMo o,n; qeCTO UCTUl\aHOr MllillJbelha ,n;a cy OBH IlIrreMOBU H3paljUBaHU y rpqKHl\1 pa,n;HOHlIllaMa Be3aHlll\\ 3a KOPUHT7 a 3a nOTpe6e ceBepHHx, BapBapcKMX cyce,n;a133. IIojaBy OBUX npe,n;mera ~opcKor nOpeKJIa Ha 1I1aKe,lloHCK01\1TJIy He Tpe6a,n;a 36ylhyje; HaJIa3ehH ce Ha CpeilOKpahH H3Meliy JOHlIje 1I rp<IKor KonHa, aIOrJIa je XarrKrr,n;a ,n;a npMMa U npeHOClI eJIeMeHTe U OBor eKOHOMcKo-KyrrTypHor Kpyra. TOMe y npllJIOr u,n;e H HaJIa3 HaBe,n;emlx IlIJIemOBa y ErejcKOi\l 6aceny nuH,D;Oc H IlIJIeMOBlI ~ocrrerru CBaKaKO nocpe,n;cTBoM J OlhaHa ,n;o ,n;aJIeKOr Kepqa lIJIH ArreKcaH,n;pHje134.

Y Be3U ca vBMMa CBaKaKO je U MaKe,llOHCKa rpyrra HaJIa3a OBUX lliJIeMOBa, KOjy YOqaBamO yrrope,n;o ca 6pojHMjOM 3arra,n;Hom 1'pyn01\l ,n;y>K Hallie ,n;aJIMaTHHCKe 06arre M lheHOM 3aJIeljy. Epoj HaJIa3a 1\IaKep,HOCKe cKynHHe jow yBeK pacTe 3601' peJIaTHBHO crra6e HCTpa>KeHOCTH OBor no,n;pyqja: 3ejTHHJIUK, Kapudjilar, Trilofon-Messiemri y ,I!;OlhOj Ma124 Ibid., 2073. KegomljM, HaBe,n;eHH EyKpH 11 Ea611Ho y OKBlIPY IIeJIa'2> Ibidem. rOHMje, Tpe6eHUIlITe, oK0rrllHa OXPHil:1, PeqUl\a U TeToBo '06. H. MylllMOB, AHTHqHHTe MOHeTHHa EarrKaHcKHja norryl'epUTopnj11. IIojaBa OBor OCTpOB, Coqmja 1911, CTp. 353 (AKaHT), 370 (Eepra, EH3arrTIl), Ha gacapeTcKo-neHecIMHcKoj 377 C.UepoHH), 378 c.uHKeja), 379 (Ere), 380 (Enea), 384 (Eion), llirreMa 1I Ha MaKen;OHCKOM HOBl\Y V BeKa (AJIeKcan,n;ap I, 385 (Edoni; 6aCHJlej reTa), 386 (Zeeleni; Ihne), 391 (Kanca), 392 rpa,n; OpTal'opMja)135 rOBop11 HajMalhe 3a o,n;oMaheHOCT Tor (JIeTe), 394 (MeHge), 396 (Neapolis), 397 (Ossa), 398 (OrrHHT), 399 (OpecKH), 407 (Potidia), 442 (6p.695-TepMa), 408 (CKHoHe), 06JIHKa Ha OBOM Trry. CBaKaKo cy npeKo UCTor ,n;ocneJIH y 3ana,n;HY Cp611jy 413 (CepA1Hrre; TopoHe), 436 (Tirissa; Tinteni), 442-446: BeJ1HKH OBaKBlI llirreMOBH 11 ~aJhe Ha ceBep, 6poj jOlll HeOgpe!jeHHx apxajcKHx eAIHcHja MaKegoHcKcr nogpyqja (TpCTeHlIK, Pa>KaHa) Ka):(a 1I lICTOBpeMeHll KOpUHTCKU npu447 (6ac . .uOlUlMOCH Mocec). l\lepaK ,n;ocneBa Ha cyce,llHll rJIaCHHal\. 127. 3a npHMepaK H3 KapaopMaHa-lllTHn yn. MOj pag y CTaIIOBO,n;0M nogyHaBcKor HaJIa3a OBaKBor IlInel\la (Ocna pHHapy XIII-XIV, CJI. 11; - H3 oKOJlHHeI1pHJlena (l1pHJlenel\?): Muresului) YKa3arra je A. MO>KOrrHh U Ha npaBal\lherOBOr TeTpa60Jl rpaHa Ihne (?) y npHJlenCKOM MY3ejy, a CTaTepa rpaga MeHga H3 I1pHJlem.\a y 36HPl\H ApxeoJl. My3ej y CKonjy. ,n;orraCKa, 1\I0paBCKo-Bap,n;apcKo,'1 MarMCTpaJIol\l136. Ha UCTU " . BHllle HHgH1.\HjarOBope ga je OBO pygHO 60raTCTBO npHnyT, a y Be3U npeHollielha rpqKUX apxajcKux npegMeTa ByKrro na>KlbY erejcKHx CTaHOBHHKajOlll npegrpqKe (axejcKe) I.\HBHJlH3aI.\Hje;TparOBe OBI1X Be3a HaJla3HMO H3rJlega H y KyJlTy Kag,\Ia - Hcnog nOJlHTHqKOrH peJlHrH03Hor 3Haqaja lberOBe YJlore .30 Oberhummer, PWRE III, Chalkis, 2C82; - G. Vallet, KOg Hajjy>KrmjHx HJlHpa Mory ce Ha3peTH H eKOHOMCKH MOTHBH Rhegi,n et Z2ncle, Paris 1958, 218 H,l.\. lberOBor gOJlacKa y OBe KpajeBe (yn. H 1. Degmedzic, op. cit., 154 '3l. ]h. ilonoBHR, PagOJUllllTe, Ta6 VIII (rpo60BH V, XIX). H g., 161). Y Ta paHa BpeMeHa OCHOBaHH H rope nOAIHlbarm rpacy 13'. P. Jacob3thal, op. cit., 23, 24; fig. 81-91. ,l.\OBHHa XaJlKHgHKy: Enea, Torone, Skione. 133. M. Garasmin. Grcke>-ilirski slem iz Razme, Ve,nik mu'29. Y HOBHje BpeMe ce y cMHcrry JlOKaJlHe npoBermeHI.\Hje Mazeja JNA 4, Beograd 1957, 37. 13'. Ibid., 42. KegoHcKor HaKHTa rB03,l.\eHOr g06a - lberOBe H3page Ha xarrKH13'. H. 1vlylllMOB, op. cit., Ta6. XLV, 3,4; LIV, 7, 8,19. gHqKo--naHrejcKoM nogpyqjy H3pa3HO H P. Amandry, CoIl. H. Stat13'. A. Mozsolics, Acta Arheologica Hungarica V, 1955,49,50. hatos I, Les bijoux antiques, 71, Han. 4 Ha HCTOj CTparm.

Ha rnaCHHal(, YKa3ana je He,r:(aBHO H M. ITapoBHh- ITenUIKaH, ynope,r:(o ca ,r:(yHaBcKoM ,r:(OJIHHOM (Koja je y OBOM paHOM pa3,r:(06Jby, lVlHCIDIM, CBaKaKO HeOnpaB,r:(aHO nOTeHl(HpaHa) H :n6apCKO-3ana,r:(HOMaKe,r:(OHCKHlVl rryTeM, ,r:(a ra TaKO Ha30BeM0137. Y Be3H OBOr nOCne,r:(lDer }KenemI 6H ,r:(a H3HeCeMO HeKOJIHKO OnaCKH. ITpe CBera nOHOBO ,r:(a HCTaKHeMO "llHlDeHlI1-lY, KOjy nO,r:(Bna"llH rrOCne,r:(lDH ayrop, ,rra rp"llKH npe,r:(MenI Ha rnaCHHl.\Y caMO y je,r:(HOM KpaTKOM paHOM pa3,r:(06Jby nOKa3yjy Be3e ca lITanCKHM rp"llKHM l(eHTpHMa, ,r:(OK TprOBlIHa ca Jor-llljOM, a KacHHje ATlIHOM HMa oTCy,r:(aH 3Ha"llaj 3a,r:(y}Kll neplIO,r:( lDerOBor pa3BHTKa. H HJIHpCKH MaTepHjan ca rnaCIIHl(a HlVIa l(eo HH3 rrapanena ca HaillHM rro,r:(pyqjeM TO yO"llJbHBO MOllieMO ,r:(a rrpaTHMO O,r:( RaCHoreOMe-rpuCKor-apxajcKor ,r:(06a 1vlaKe,r:(oHuje, orraCKe Koje CMO ce Hanpe,r:( ,r:(OTHl(aIDr. IToCJIe XaJIillTaTCKor je,r:(HHCTBa rnaCIIHl(a, ,r:(06por ,r:(ena ,r:(aHailllDe Cp6Hje H 1vlaRe,qOHllje, OBe Be3e ,r:(06Hjajy HOB ClVlHcao :n ca,r:(plliHHY rrocne BeJ1HKOr

Bor IT~13apa, npH yna3Y OBe ,r:(OJIlIHe y 3arra,r:(HOMopaBcRy He MalDe 3aHlIMJblIBa ATeHHI.\a KOp, LIa"llKa. O,r:(aTne ce Hana3ll ill11pe Ka TpcTeHllKy, PalliaHlI, Cpe,r:(lDeM ITop,yHaBJbY, rnaCllHl(y. Ta je apTepllja BeOMa lliliBa 11 y Hape,r:(HllM BeROBllMa: Repa1l'111Ka KJIaClIqHOr II xeneHllCTl!'IKOr rrep110,r:(a cpehe ce yqeCTanO ,r:(ylli ,r:(eOH11l(e ITenarOImja-ITOJI0311, rra II y cyce,r:(Hoj KOCOBCKOj ,r:(eOH11l(H 11 116apCI{OM ,r:(onlIHom ,r:(aJbe Ha ceBep138. HacyrrpoT OBOM yHyTpailllDem {{ lIJIllPCKOM rryTy, eTHlI"llKlf rrepmpepHa MopaBCKo-Bap,r:(apCRa JI11Hllja p,eJIyje 3a CBe OBO Bpeme "lly,r:(HO 3anOCTaBJbeHa 11 HeKomyHIIKaTlIBHa. OCHlVl HaJla3a apxajcKc-XeJIeHllCTlI'-Il(Or BpemeHCKor OKBHpa y 'uOlDeM IToBap,r:(apjy (reBremrja, MapBIIHI.\U, ,UeMlIp Kamlja, CTo6lI), oBaj Hll3 ce Beh y cpe,r:(lDei\l IToBap,r:(apjy ry611. Beh ceBepHO neOHCKO rro,r:(py"llje rroKa3yje jaKy nORaJIHY TeH,lIeHl(y Ha lVIaTeplljany p,omllHllpa CKOpO llCKJbY"llIlBO CllBa RepaMI1Ka (o6naCT Beneca, OBqe

rrpeOKpeTa y KynTypHom cTpyjalDy ca,rra 113 cyrrpoTHor, jyrOI1CTO"llHCr CMepa, ,r:(a 611 ,r:(ocTlIt'ne KynMI1Hal(l1jy Ha IICTeKY apxajcKor rrepl1o,r:(a; Ta,r:(a HajnaRille MOllieMO ,r:(a qHIKCl1paMO II apTepHjy KOjOi\l cy TeKJIe Te Be3e, crrajajyhH HcnpBa ,r:(Ba y,r:(aJbeHa xanillTaTCKa rro,r:(py"llja je,r:(He l(enl1He rnaC11Hal( II MaKe,rr.OH11jy, a KacHlIje If3nalliyh11 rnaClIHal( 1I ycrryTHY ,r:(y60Ky lIJIHpCKy yHyTpailllDoCT y,r:(apy HlI3a KynTypHlIX 11Mrrynca 1I3 erejcKor 6aceHa, KojlI ce npeHoce rrpeKO i\laKe,r:(OHCKO-lIJI11pCKOr rro,r:(py"llja. HalIMe, lI3 lI~BopHor xanK11,r:(11"llKO-,r:(OlDeMaKe,r:(OHCKor rro,rrpy"llja, ,r:(eOH11l(OMKacHlIje ErHal(lljcKe i\larHCTpane, ,r:(0crreBajy OBaKB11 Hana311 ,r:(0roplDeMaKe,r:(OHCKlIX HaJIa31IillTa; TO"llKe )KllBOjHO, BpOil, ByKp11, BepaH1(lI, Ba61IHO, qllIKcnpajy l(eny rrenarOHC:Ky ,r:(eOH11l(yilO ceBepo3ana,rrHor rrpena3a 3a KH"lleBcKy KOTJIHHY. ITpeKo OBe ,r:(ocrreJIH cy KacHoapxajcKlI HaJIa311 y cyce,lIHll ITonor: KHellieBCKa rp06HHl(a y TeToBy, nmeM 113 OKOJIHHe 11CTor; TeTOBCKlIiy\ npeBojeM (Bellana) npeKO llIape ,r:(ocrrena je rrp1I3peHCKa TpKa"lllJl(a y Herrocpe,r:(HO cyce,r:(CTBO cBoje TeTOBCKe ceCTpe, MeHa,r:(e, Mel)yT11M ca,r:(a Beh Ha KOCOBCKO-lVleToxlIcKoj paBHlIl(11. OBaj naHal( HaCTaBJba HerrpeKlI,r:(HO 1I ,r:(aJbe Ha ceBep, rrOTBpl)eH CBe lICTOBpemeHlllVI KaCHoapxajcKllm Hana311ma: rrOMlilDaHli TplIo6on AKaHTa 113 OKOJIHHe ITplIllTlIBe, rp"llK11 rrpe,lIMeT11 y rpo60BIIMa KO,r:(Kapara"lla - Koc. 1vllITpOB11l(a, y cKnorry H6apCKe ,r:(OJIHHe BeJIH"llaHCTBeH11 rpo6H11 Hana3 KO,lI Ho-

ITone13 9, 6aceH cpeglDe 11 roplDe BperanH11I.\e140). CJIHKa je HCTOBeTHa 1I ,r:(aJbe Ha ceBepy, y cyce,r:(Hoj jYlliHOj ,rrapgaHcKoj ',Tep11ToplIj11), CIIBa Kepam11Ka ca H113a Han23ll11ITa CKonCKe 11 KymaHoBcKe 06naCTlIl41.

,UoTah11 heMo ce jOll je,r:(Hom KapaKTepa pa3rnep,aHe maTep11janHe Kymype KaCHoapxajcK11x o6enellija O,r:(HOCHO HeKHX rrojaBa Koje je npaTe. ITojaBy XaJIKlI,r:(CKO:"'CTlIJICKHX
J. Todorovic, Hisar-Suva Reka, Arheol. preg1ed 4, 1962, ByqKOBllh-Top;opomdi, XeJIeHllCTllqKa KepaMllKa 113 6alhe, CTapllHap H. C. XII, 1961, 123, 124. 139. KepaMllKa ca Hll3a JIOKaJIllTeTa Tor l1op;pYQja cKyllJheHa peKOrHOC1.111palheM, y ApxeoJI. MY3ejy y CKOllJhy. 140. 3a He3HaTaH OP;HOC rpQKe (aHTllQKe ca 110QeTKa V BeKa) KepaMllKe y op;HOCy Ha MaCllBHY CllBY J10KaJIHy, y BeJ1lIKllM rpo6HllM KOHCTpYK1.111jaMay KapaopMaHy KOP; llhll11a BllP;l1 MOj pap; y CTapllHap XIII-XIV, 197-209. . 141 ByqKOBllh-ToP;oPOBllh, op. cit., CTapllHap XII, 123, HaBOP;l1 11 Hepe3e KOP; CKOllJha Kao HaJIa311lliTe::jBTllQKe q:JHpHlICOBaHe KepaMllKe; HallOMlllheMO p;a 6POjHll KepaNiijiQKll MaTeplljarr ca Tora HaCeJha l1oKa3yje y HajBeheM llp01.1eHTY CTporo JIOKaJIHe op;JIllKe; BpeMeHCKll IIp;e TaKolje p;OCTa KacHllje op; ell0xe 0 KOjOj pacllpaBJhaMO. KepaMllKa 113 OpeOBll1.1e KOP; IIpellieBa (llCTa CTpaHa HaBep;eHor p;eJIa) je Tllll11QHa JIOKaJIBa CllBa Koja KOll11pa xeJIeHCKe 06JIllKe, llCTa KaKBa ce cpehe 11a p;eceTllHaMa HaJIa311lliTa lleoHCKO-p;app;aHCKor l1op;pyqja, 110QeB op; llCTeKa apxajcKor llepllop;a P;O p;y60KO Y pllMCKy ell0XY.
138.

35, 36; JOlliaHllQKe

.n.

.n.

.n.

erre,\\eHaT8 y 3ajeP;HJ11.\'1 ca nOHeKHM ,o:OpCKHM H Beh 05J111KOBaHI1M ayToxTOHH.'\ apxajcInDI eJ1eMeHTI1,'Ia ca Kojuma ce cranajy YI1HetuI je,o:Hy XOlOreHY KyJ1TypHy lieJ1HHY, HeMO}Ke1\\OBMIlle TpeTHpanI Kao CJlyqajHo cyEo6JbeHe rp1{Ke H Herp1{Ke. 3Ha1{CIbe OBHX Tep;\lHHa CBaKaKO je npe}KHBeJ10 a CMHcao CBe 3aje,o:IDII.\e Heynope,o:HBO ,o:y6JbI1, yCJ10BJbell HI130.\\ ,o:OTl1l.\aHHX nojaBa y CEJ10,1y onIllTer XeJleHM3HpaIba OBcr no,o:pyqja. Kao TaKB3 CJ1C'meH8 noj8Ba mome OBa MalepIljaJ1Ha KyJ1Typa ,o:a ce npaTH y OBH1\I KpajeBHMa Kp03 HeIllTC ,o:y}KH BpeMeHCI<H nepHO,o:. YyeCTaJ1a nojaBa C6J1HKa jOHcKor nOpeKJ1a 1IJ1Y!noje,o:HHHX jC,HCl{HXenemeHaTa Ha npe,o:MeTHlYla pa3rJ1e,o:aHe rpyne ca HCTeKa VI BeKa H n01{eTKa cJ1e,o:eher, nOKJ1ana ce BpeMeHcKH ca HaJ jaYHM eEOHOMCl{I)-KyJ1TypHHM npOI.\Ba1'0,\\ XaJ1IOI,o:l1YI{I)-,o:rlbe1\\aKe,o:-:HCKcr no,o:py1{ja; HajJ1enUIH H Haj6oraTl1jH HaJ1a3H nOTH'-IY H3 THX HeKOJ1l1I<O ,o:el.\eHHja. 06~ OBe n,_'j2Be Bepc'BaTHo lYlemeMO nocMaTpaTM y Mel)yCC,5HOj 3aBHCH':'CTIl, HO J\w,n:a ce npB" n0JaBa o,o:pa3HJ1a y ,o:pyrc,i, CBaKaKO ,o:a HHje 6HJ1a H npecy,o:Ha 3a lbY. DojaqaHH jC.HCKH npHJ1HB CMeJ1H 6H 1\\om,n:a ,o:C-BeCTHy Be3Y ca nepCHCKH,\\ npHT11cKC'M Ha jOHcKe M3J10a3HCKe rpa,o:oBe, npe rrcTnyHe oI<yrral.\Hje HCTC1{HOerejcKor no,o:pyqja H npey3HMalba XeJ1eCnOHTa y lbHXOBe pyKe, l\Iel)yn\1\\ H3pa3rlTHjH rrpCH3Bo,o:H 1\lHne3HCKHX HJ1H KH3HqKHX pa,o:HoHHu:a KojI1l\1a 06Hnyjy nOHTHCKa HJ1H HaM a cyce,o:Ha TpaLIKa (jymHc6yrapCKa) Hana3HIllTa, I1rraK cy H30CTamI Ha HallleM no,o:pyqjy; XaJ1KH,o:cKe Tpa,o:HI.\Hje y CKJ10ny nOKaJ1He 1epeynme cy HCKlbYt.I11Be. 'uc'TaKHI11\10 ce 11 nl1Tafta roplbe Bpe1\\eHCKe rpaHHl.\e Tpajalba OBe K8CHoapxajcKe l\IaTepl1jaJIHe KyJ1Type, yKOJ1I1KO yorrlllTe 1\\ome1\\O ,o:a 3aXTeBaMO cPHKCHpalbe je,o:He o,o:pel)eHHje BpeMeHcKe 101{Ke. DpBe KpynHe npoMeHe y mHBoTy OBe I{ynType ycne,o:HJre cy ,o:ocTa 6P30: ncore KpaTl{QTpajHor HajcjajHujer np0I.\BaTa HCTe, KOjH 6H ce BpeMeHCKH npY}K80 H Ha npBe ,o:el.\eHHje V BeKa, ,o:"J1a3H je,o:aH HarnH npeKH,o:, 06eJ1emeH ,o:ymHM Bpel\leHCKHlVI Xll jaTycC1\T, KOjH 03Hat.IaBa yje,o:HO H HecTaj3.lbe HH3a 06mIKa OBe 1\WTepHjamIe KynType. Bpe1\!eHcKH Haj6nHma H no cM11cny 11CI0BeTHa OB01\! npenolVlY je,o:11HO je ,o:y60Ka nOnl:lTlIt.IKa II eKOHOMCKa KpH3a 80-TllX rO,[(I1Ha Tora BeKa, ycne,o:mm nocne KcepKCOBor GCBajalba TpaKo-MaKe,o:OHcKe 06ane, Ka,o:a llC10pl1ja 6eTIem11 H113 6YPHlIj11x paTHHx ,o:oral)aja 11 Ha TOMe no,o:pyt.Ijy a HYM113MaTI1Ka npeKlI,o: (y Behl1HH cnyt.IajeBa 3ayBeK) eMllclIja HOBl.\a H113a nOJ1Hca OBor perll0Ha. DpeOCTaIDI, BehH ,n:eo OBor BeKa 111\\a Beh HOBH KypC: ,o:aJbHM nOJ1HT11t.IK111\\ a3BojeM p OBlIX 06naCT11 nOCTa je nonpUIllTe HOBI1X cyK06a )J;OMatmx H CTpaHI1X 11HTepeca. OClIM nOn11TI1t.IKlI oja1{ane ,o:Olbel\laKe,o:OHCKe KpaJbeBHHe I<oja CTpeMH Ka nplI1\\a1\\Jb11BOJ\l xanKH.o;Bt.II<OJ\1 IIC.,o:pyt.Ijy, ca,n:a cTyna OB)J;e y npBI1 nnaH jOlll je,o:Ha BeneCl1n8, AnlHa. DOIllTO ce rrpeTxo,o:HO jow H8 Ca1\101\\Kpajy npeTxo,[fHor BeI<a 06pa'-IYHana ca CTape-1\! 1\\aTHI.\0M OBor KOJ1C'HHjanHor rro,o:pyt.Ija, XanlOI)J;OM 11 nOlnyno je nOTt.II1Hlma142, CH8}KHa 11 BI1TanHa ATHHa OTnOt.rHlbe CHamH11 n0J1I1T11t.IKW, eI<OH01\1CKI1 11 y Be311 OBHX KonCHlI33TOPCKl1 npo,o:op Ha XaJ1KH,o:Ht.IKO-naHrejcKo nO,lJpyt.rje. IbeHa p06a nocTaje y nocne.o;lbH1\l ,o:eI.\eHHja1\\a V BeKa ,o:01\IHHaHTHa Ha lllHPOK01\\ TpaKO-MaKe,o:OHCKOJ\1 H cyce,o:HOJ\1 lInHpo-neOHCK01\\ no,o:-

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Cn. J2.

OrpHnl..la Oi-\

ImnH6apa, I1enmerr. d'ambre, Petilep.

Fig. J2. Collier

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L~s perturbations profondes survenues au cours du VIe siecle sur Ie territoire de I'ethnos illyro-peonien, provoquees par les rapports intensifies avec Ie sud et hatees par des changements politiques importants, ainsi que par I'ethnogenese des Macedoniens I~urs vois ins merjjionaux, eurent pour consequence la formation d'une nouvelle culture d'aspect archalque recent. Cette etude a trait aux decouvertes recentes [aites en Pelagonie du sud. Tout en completant nos connaissances du probleme, ces decouvertes revelent toute une serie d'elements qui devanc;;aient ce changement substantiel. II s'agit tout particulierement des necropoles pres des villages de Brod, 2ivojno, Rapes, Zovik et Graddhica. L~s tombes presentent une nouveaute typCllogique pour Ie territoire en question. L~s tombes d~viennent de larges et profondes cistes creusees dans Ie sol (tombes en surface), construites de plaques larges et regulieres, Ie plus souvent travaillees au ciselet, et dont I'aspect general se rapproche du sarcophage. L' orientation est pour la plupart nord-sud, parfois est-ouest. L'inhumation est de regie, les squelettes sont en position allongee. II est important de noter qu'au dessus des rombes s'elevaient des steles grossieres d'aspect anthropomorphe. Les inhumations a ciste sont connues dans cette region au cours de la phase precedente 'Hallstatt C), bien que leur technique de construction soit nettement plus grossiere et de qua lite inferieure, recouvertes d'ailleurs par de larges tumuli. Ces derniers fournissent la preuve d'un mode d'inhumation bien regie. Toute~ les inhumations sont radialement disposees autour de la tomb: centrale, tandis que Ie tumulus est entoure d'un mur circulaire. Ceci est sans nul doute Ie reflet d'un sysreme socia I ou la gens jouait un role proeminant. Des changements du type d'habitant surviennent aussi a I'epoque des tombes plates pelagoniennes. Les transformations sont surtout no tab les dans Ie caractere du materiel decouvert dans Ies tombes. La periode archalque est surtout marquee par l'hellenisati0n de la ceramique. On voit apparaltre au debut meme de cette periode une ceramique peinte inconnue jusqu'ici de l'age du Fer de cette region. Cette nouvelle poterie de breve duree, est Ie representant Ie plus septentrional d'un groupe ceramique dont on suit I'evolution clans la region voisine et conservatrice, thessalo-macedonienne, au cours de l'epoque geometrique retardee.L'introduction des tombes en surface - cistes - coincide chronologiquement avec I'apparition de petits bronzes, en premier lieu des pendentifs en forme d' oiseaux et de cruchons. inconnus des tombes sous tumuli. Ces bronzes se rencontrent dans toute une serie de necropoles chronologiquement paralleles, situees sur Ie terriroire illyro-peonien ou macedonien. IIs sont frequents et generalement plus anciens en Grece, ou ils constituent I'un des aspects typiques du style geometrique de la Thessalie jusqu'au Peloponnese du sud. La diffusion e, idente de ces elements parvenanr de la Thessalie septentrionale vers Ie nord, cOIncide chronologiquement avec les mouvements ethniques du groupe nord-thessalien, ou plus precisement avec I'arrivee des Macedoniens dans leur nouvelle demeure". (~es elements, auxquels s'ajoute la ceramique peinte du groupe thessalo-macedonien, penetrent en Pelagonie du sud vers la fin du VIle ou au debut du VIe siecle av.n.e. I1s correspondraient en effet a I'arrivee de la tribu macedonienne des Lyncestes dans leur nouvelle patrie." Au courS du VIe siecle, la ceramique faite au tour du sud pelagonien epouse deja les formes archaiques. Selon ses caracteristiques, elle represente l'un des l1ombretL"X groupes locaux et peri-

pheriques, deja a moitie hellenises. L~s formes typiques des objet~ de parure sont les epingles doubles, les boucles d'oreille coniques et les bracelets en fil de bronze a extremites renforcees. De meme que sur Ie territoire voisin illyro-peonien, I'usage de I'incineration est introduit en Pelagonie (Petilep-Beranci) vers la fin du VIe siecle. Uincineration est liee a de nouvelles constructions tombales, parfois tres complexes. L'l cremation s'etend vers Ie nord, parmi les Illyriens. Elle a ete egalement reconnue en de nombreuses necropoles de la Thrace. Cette coutume est sanS doute parvenue des regions grecques, probablement ioniennes,' d'ou e1le s'etend sur Ie continent grec et Ie littoral ponti que et thraco-macedoni en. Les riches trouvailles des tombes de Petilep-Beranci SOnt identiques a celles de Trebeniste.'oo Leurs analogies se trouvent en Macedoine et en Chalcidique. La vaisselle de bronze et rout particulierement interessante et ne pourrait etre attribuee a la toreuti que corinthienne. Au contra ire, B. Filov avait deja remarque route une serie d'elements ioniens sur ces vases de bronze, dont il attribuait un certain nombre a I'industrie de Chalcis.,o6 En faveur de cette opinion temoigneraient de nombreuses trouvailles identiques de l'Italie du sud,ll' apportant de nouveaux indices sur la toreutique du type chalcidien.116 Uncertain nombre de vases de bronze de Trebeniste et de Beranci, techniquement et artistiquement inferieurs, sont decores de motifs geometriques "hallstattiens". De meme que les vases de bonne qua lite, leur lieu de production se place vraisemblablement dans les colonies chalcidiennes de la Chalcidique. Les vases des dem{ groupes ("grecs" et "hallstattiens") ont les anses decorees de tetes de serpents, - element indiquant un centre ou une region de production. Les tetes de serpents en tant qu'element decoratif apparaissent aussi parmi les objets de parure (bracelets, fibules du type "as iatique"). L~s trouvailles de bijotL"X sont tres frequentes et representent maintenant Ie trait principal du nouveau groupe archaique recent de ce territoire. La plupart des objets de ce groupe ont une origine ionienne 06 orientale (epingles doubles,.- fibules,ll- perles de verre bigarees), d'autres formes sont peloponnesiennes ou plutot doriennes (epingles a plaque,132 casque greco-illyrien'33). La ceramique de cette epoque, representee pour la plupart par des produits locaux, fait preuve d'un melat:lge d'elements divers. Au cours de cette periode archalque receme,. Ja Chalcidique et ses colonies ioniennes, surtout chalcidiennes, a completement pris la situation entre ses mains. Sa granrle importance commercia Ie et sa force economique enviable, se voient confirmees par Ie nombre exceptionnel d'p.teliers de monnaies d'argent,l," apparaissant tres tot, et dont les pieses se rependent dans les regions septentrionales illyriennes et peoniennes par I'intermediaire de la Macedoine. Grace au caractere mixhellenique evident de ce terriroire,l" des elementes grecs varies se maintiendront parallelemenr avec les elements autochtones. L~ur symbiose aboutira a la formation d'une entite culturelle unique. Un nombre considerable de ces elements se maintiendra sur Ie sol m9cedonien et illyro-peonien jusqu'a I'epoque hellenistique, pour s'infiltrer progressivement au cours des ages parmi les Illyriens du nord.