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CELLS AND TISSUES (CAT 2114) Laboratory No. 4 Topic: Histology of Epithelium & Glands Faculty: Dr VENNILA VIJAYA SREE MBBS;MASTERS in pathology(MD)
OBJECTIVES: -Histology of Epithelium 1. Identify and describe the characteristics of epithelial tissues. 2. Identify and describe the types of epithelial tissues based on histological characteristics, organ source and correlate with the functions. - Histology of Glands 3. Identify and describe the types of glands based on histological characteristics, organ Source and correlate with the functions.
At the end of the practical session, the students should be able to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Classify epithelium. Describe characteristic features of each epithelium Describe functions of each epithelium. Able to give examples for each epithelium. Describe the types of glands Able to give examples of glands
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1. Definition: Outer surface of the body and the luminal surfaces of cavities within the body are lined by one are more layers of cells that completely cover them. such layers are called epithelia 2. Epithelia also covers ducts and secretory elements of glands. 3. Little or no intercellular substance. 4. Cell junctions are present. 5. All cells in the basal layer rest on the basement membrane. 6. Avascular-Diffusion from capillaries in the underlying connective tissues. 7. Regeneration-Continuous wear and tear.
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SIMPLE EPITHELIA Formed by a single layer of cells - Simple squamous epithelium - Simple cuboidal epithelium - Simple columnar epithelium - Pseudostratified epithelium
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ACTIVITY 5: PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM INSTRUCTION: Examine the slide of Respiratory tract/Epididymis/Ductus deferens. OBSERVE -Appears as more than one layer but only a single layer is present with all cells resting on the basement membrane. -Cells are tall and short with nuclei located at different levels. - Absorption -Secretion. FUNCTIONS:
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STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM INTRODUCTION TO STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM Formed by more than two layers of cells FEATURES: Mainly protective functions Poorly suited for function and secretions of absorption and secretions Classified based on the surface cells. Basal layer usually cuboidal. TYPES: Stratified Squamous Epithelium Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Transitional Epithelium STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM 2 types: 1.Keratinized, 2.
Non-Keratinized ACTIVITY 6: INSTRUCTION: Examine the slide of skin-Keratinized OBSERVE Transition from cuboidal basal to flattened . Divide continuously Dead keratinized cells at surface. FUNCTION: Protection-withstand physical abrasion and resist chemical injury Keratinized squamous epithelium & label the layers
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ACTIVITY 7: INSTRUCTION: Examine the slide of Oesophagus-Non Keratinized Squamous epithelium to flattened . surface layers Kept moist by glandular secretions FUNCTION: No Keratinisation on upper Divide continuously Living nucleated cell on the OBSERVE Transition from cuboidal basal
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ACTIVITY 8: STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM INSTRUCTION: Examine the slide of salivary gland duct OBSERVE -multilayered cuboidal cells Locations: Ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and Salivary glands Functions: Protection
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ACTIVITY 9: TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM INSTRUCTION: Examine the slide of Urinary Bladder Observe: Four to five cell layers thick. The basal cells are roughly cuboidal, the intermediate cells are polygonal and the surface cells (umbrella or dome cells U) are large and rounded and may contain two nuclei. In the stretched state, transitional epithelium often appears only two or three cells thick (although the actual number of layers remains constant) and the intermediate and surface layers are extremely flattened. Functions: Withstand toxicity of urine Allow great degree of distention.
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GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM 1. Definition of Gland: Some epithelial cells are specialized to perform a secretary function and present singly or in groups, constitute glands. Some glands are unicellular,eg: Goblet cells of intestine, and most glands are multicellular . Multicellular glands are 2 types (by presence of duct) 1.Exocrine :Duct present, pour their secretion on to epithelial surface. -Depending on type of secretion-Mucinous,Serous, and Sero-mucinous 2.Endocrine :Duct absent, pour their secretions into blood.
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2.
3.
ACTIVITY 10 : UNICELLULAR (MUCOUS) GLAND INSTRUCTION: Examine the slide of epithelial lining of colon OBSERVE big peculiar shape goblet cells with abundant pink cytoplasm located between the epithelial lining of colon FUNCTION Secrets mucous
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ACTIVITY 11 : SWEAT GLAND { Coiled tubular (sero-mucous)glands} INSTRUCTION: Examine the slide of finger tip/scalp cuboidal epithelium FUNCTION Secrets sweat OBSERVE Ducts with two layers of
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ACTIVITY 12 : SEBACEOUS GLAND {Multicellular ( holocrine ) gland} INSTRUCTON: Examine the slide of scalp and identify the Sebaceous gland follicle cuboidal. other cells are enlarged
Cells and Tissues Module
OBSERVE Sebaceous gland near the hair At the basement, cells are
FUNCTION
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ACTIVITY 13 : SUBLINGUAL GLAND { Mucous ( Multicellular-acinar ) gland } INSTRUCTION: Examine the slide of Sublingual gland Cells and Tissues Module
ACTIVITY 14 : PAROTID GLAND { Multicellular ( Serous ) gland } INSTRUCTION: Examine the slide of Parotid salivary gland
Cells and Tissues Module
OBSERVE
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ACTIVITY 15 : SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND { Multicellular ( Serous & Mucinous ) gland } INSTRUCTION: Examine the slide of Submandibular salivary gland
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ACTIVITY 17 : PANCREAS { Multicellular-Mixed ( Exocrine & Endocrine ) gland } INSTRUCTION: Examine the slide of pancreas of islets of Langerhan which are stained pale. hormones & endocrine hormones FUNCTION Secrets digestive exocrine OBSERVE Its endocrine part in the form
References:
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