BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, PILANI (RAJ) I Semester 2004-05 EEE C432 / INSTR C481 MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION

Comprehensive Examination Duration: 3Hrs Date: 4/12/2004 Max Marks: 40 __________________________________________________________________ Note: Attempt all questions. Parts of the same question must be attempted consecutively. Q.1: You are assigned the task of measuring the blood pressure and blood flow in the femoral artery of an anesthetized dog lying on the operation table. Design a system to do this by (a) describing the transducers, if any, you would use; and (b) specifying all necessary instrumentation. Draw appropriate diagrams to illustrate your answer. [2+4=6M] Q.2: In a typical biomedical application, it is required to use a single turn rotational potentiometer. Assume that the total resistance of the pot is RP and that of the load is RL. If the supply voltage is VS, derive an expression for the load voltage, VL as a function of variable angular displacement () for the loaded potentiometer. What condition must be satisfied so that non-linear error is kept to the minimum/ [4+1=5M] Q.3: An inductance transducer, shown in Fig Q.3, has to be used for measuring the respiration rate of the patient. Each coil has an equal number of turns. With pressures p1=p2, the distance between the center of each coil and the diaphragm is D. For small displacement, d, of the diaphragm from its center position, the reluctance of each coil is given by: = 0 + k(D d) depending on the direction of displacement, where 0 and k are constants. The transducer is connected to a bridge as shown and there is no load on the bridge output. Derive an expression for V0. [5M] Diaphragm

p1 D V0 D p2 R VS R

Fig.Q.3 Q.4: Derive an expression for the following ECG leads in terms of standard leads

I, II, or III. (a) aVR (b) Avf. [3+3=6M] Q.5: Suggest the design of cardiac emergency equipment. What modules it must contain? What functions/facilities it must have? Illustrate with the help of appropriate diagrams. [5M] Q.6: (a) Discuss with the help of block diagram the visual and auditory evoked potential system. (b) Explain the functioning of EEG telemetry system. [3+3=6M] Q.7: (a) Distinguish between Thermometry and Thermography. (b) Discuss the design of an autoanalyser for analyzing large number of samples. (c) A patient has a cardiac output of 4 liters/min, a heart rate of 86 beats/min and a blood volume of 5 liters. Calculate the stroke volume and the mean circulation time. What is the mean blood velocity in the aorta when the vessel has a diameter of 30 mm? [1+3+3=7M] ***