Beruflich Dokumente
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Mark Fowler
Note Set #16
C-T Signals: Generalized Fourier Transform Reading Assignment: Section 3.7 of Kamen and Heck
Ch. 2 Convolution
C-T System Model Convolution Integral D-T Signal Model Convolution Sum
Generalized FT
This section allows us to apply FT to an even broader class of signals that includes the periodic signals and some other signals.
But first we start backwards with the delta function in the time domain. Q: What is the FT of (t)? A: First think it through! (t) is the narrowest pulse And a narrow pulse has a broad FT So the narrowest pulse should have in some sense the broadest FT Now work the math:
F{ (t )} = (t )e jt dt = e j0 = 1
(t) 1
(t)
t
...
F{(t)} = 1 ...
(t) 1
1 2()
So we now know:
X ( ) = 2 ( )
DC = 0 Hz
Now we can get another pair by using this last result and the real modulation property: Multiply by cosine
1 2()
Frequency Shift Up & Down
cos(0t ) 1
1 [2 ( + 0 ) + 2 ( 0 )] 2
Note: This says you only need the components at +0 and -0 (i.e., exp{j0t} and exp{-j0t}) to build cos(0t)
F{cos(0t)}
-0
cos(0t ) [ ( + 0 ) + ( 0 )] sin(0t ) j [ ( + 0 ) ( 0 )]
2 ( 0 )
F{e j0t }
0
Here if
0 < 0
Here if
0 > 0
Here if
0 = 0
Note: This says you need only exp{j0t} to build exp{j0t}!!! Duh!!!
Note that we have now used the FT to analyze cosine and sine which are PERIODIC signals!!! Before we used the Fourier Series to analyze periodic signals Hmmm it seems possible to use the FT instead of the FS!! FT of periodic signal: i.e. the FT subsumes the FS!
x(t ) =
k =
ck e jk0t
FT of a Periodic Signal
k =
X ( ) =
k =
2c ( )
k 0
2 ( 0 )
Note: the FT is a bunch of delta functions with weights given by the FS coefficients!
X ( )
c4
c3
c2
c1
c0
c1
c2
c3
c4
40 30 20 0
0 20 30 40
So the FT of a periodic signal is zero except at multiples of the fundamental frequency 0, where you get impulses.
See the book for FT of unit step, which contains a delta function