IPTV Related Technologies g

ZTE University

Contents

Digital TV Technology Video Encoding/Decoding Technology Streaming Media Technology IPTV Bearer Network Technology Digital Right Management (DRM) Technology

IPTV Architecture
Headend
CA\DRM Encoder

DTV source CDN central node Service Operation Platform

DTV Technology

IP Networks
CDN edge node CDN edge node CDN edge node Access network Access network STB STB

Access network STB

Digital TV Technology

Definition Digital Television (DTV) technology is a new generation television technology that adopts digital encoding and transporting t h l i f th collecting, recording, t ti technologies for the ll ti di broadcasting, transmitting and receiving of the TV programs. It includes three parts: information source (transmitting end), information channel (transporting/storing) and information destination (receiving end). DTV Categories According to the bit rate of the moving picture DTV is picture, categorized into Standard Definition Television (SDTV) and High Definition Television (HDTV). SDTV and HDTV will coexist for quite a long period to satisfy different customers demands.

DTV's Advantages

Compared with analog TV, DTV has following advantages:

High-resolution TV image: comparable with DVD (lowest: 1280x720, highest: 1920x1080) High quality acoustics Rich of programs, high usage rate of wired network High anti-interference ability, stable image Extended functions: surfing Internet, VOD querying Internet VOD, stock information, online trade, distant learning, etc.

What is Standard Definition?

SDTV

Standard Definition Television Resolution and aspect ratio format are similar to analog TV Aspect ratio 4:3 with resolution of 480i or 480p PAL: 625 lines NTSC: 525 lines 25 frames/s 30 frames/s

Analog TV

Full D1

PAL720x576Phase Alternating Line NTSC720x480 National Television Standards Committee

What is High Definition?

HDTV

High Definition Television Watching the image details from the distance which is three times the image height, the quality of the picture is comparable with the actual objects. 1080i/720p or above 1080 line interlaced 1920x1080 (aspect-ratio 16:9) 720 line progressive 1280x720 (aspect-ratio 16:9)

1080i

720p

18 Digital TV Formats
Format Index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1080 1920 16:9 interlaced progressive 720 1280 16:9 progressive 704 16:9 interlaced 480 704 4:3 interlaced 640 4:3 Vertical Resolution Horizontal Resolution Aspect Ratio Scan Type interlaced Refresh Rate [Hz] 30 24 progressive 30 60 30 24 progressive 30 60 30 24 progressive 30 60 24 30 60 30 24 30 HDTV EDTV SDTV Type

High Definition

Bandwidth of High-definition Video

High-definition video source

1920x1080i/1080p 1280x720p

Bandwidth

MPEG212~20 Mbps MPEG4 or WMV98~12 Mbps H.2647~8 Mbps

Sub-conclusion

DTV includes: SDTV, HDTV SDTV: 480i, 480P HDTV: 720P, 1080i, 1080P

Contents

Digital TV Technology Video Encoding/Decoding Technology Streaming Media Technology IPTV Bearer Network Technology Digital Right Management (DRM) Technology

Features of Video Services

Huge data of information g

Image: Line: Pixel: Frame 288 pixels 360 bits rate 24 lines 30fps

288X360X24X30= 174.65Mbit

Video Encoding/Decoding Technology

MPEG-2: Popularly used internationally MPEG-4: Popularly used domestically WMV9: Internationally H.264: Mainstream of the future AVS: China Standard

Evolution of Video Encoding/Decoding Standards

ITU-T ITU T Standards Joint ITU-T/MPEG Standards MPEG Standards

H.261
(version 1)

H.261
(version 2)

H.263H.263+ H.263++

H.262/MPEG-2

H.264/MPEG-4 AVC

MPEG-1

MPEG-4
(version 1)

MPEG-4
(version 2)

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

H.264

Compared with other standards, saved ratio of bit rate

Video Encoding/Decoding Technology-AVS

AVS is a proprietary intellectual property of China. Its coding efficiency is 2~3 times higher than MPEG-2, MPEG 2 equivalent t H 264 I addition, AVS i i l t to H.264. In dditi is based on a concise technology design, and the realization complexity of chips is lower than that of H.264. H.264 is only a video codec standard. While AVS is a complete standard set including system, video system video, audio, and copyright management, which can provide comprehensive solutions for digital video & audio industry.

Video Encoding/Decoding Technology China Standard AVS

Disadvantages of AVS:

MPEG-4 and H.264 are mature standards that have been commercially applied on a l b i ll li d large scale of l f international market and domestic IPTV industry. Therefore, it is very important to increase the industrialization speed of AVS.

Contents

Digital TV Technology Video Encoding/Decoding Technology Streaming Media Technology IPTV Bearer Network Technology Digital Right Management (DRM) Technology

Streaming Media Technology

At the narrow band time, due to slow Internet speed, video files have to be downloaded to local before playing. It not only wastes time and disk space, but also cannot meet the demand of play continuity. Based on this demand, streaming media appears. It solves the play continuity problem by simultaneously downloading, buffering and playing the video file.

Download:

File

File

Streaming media:

Frame 5 Frame 4 Frame 3 Frame 2 Frame 1

Transport Protocols of Streaming Media

RTP: Real Time Transport Protocol RTCPReal Time Control Protocol RTSPReal Time Streaming Protocol RSVPResource ReSerVation Protocol UDP User Datagram Protocol

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RTP/RTCP

RTP is a transport protocol of multimedia data flow used for Internet/Intranet RTP is used for the one-to-one or one-to-many transport, providing time information and synchronization of media streams. Generally, RTP adopts UDP to transport data, especially for wireless environment. RTP can be applied on TCP or ATM protocol as well.

RTP/RTCP

RTP does not guarantee the sequencing delivery of packets, neither does it provide traffic and congestion control. H ti t l However, RTCP d does. RTCP together with RTP provides traffic control and congestion control services. RTP cooperating with RTCP optimizes the transport efficiency based on effective feedbacks and minimized expenses, which i suitable f d i i i d hi h is it bl for real-time data transport on Internet.

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RSVP

Compared with traditional data transport, the transport of streaming media data is much more sensitive t l t iti to latency. Th f Therefore, guaranteed t d bandwidth is not enough for the transport of high quality audio & video data. RSVP is designed to reserve resources across network. RSVP can reserve a f fraction of network resources ti f t k (bandwidth) to provide QoS for the transport of streaming media.

RTSP

RTSP was introduced by Real Networks and Netscape together. It defines how to effectively transport media data for one-to-many application. RTSP adopts TCP or RTP to complete data transport. Compared with HTTP, RTSP is suitable for the transport of multimedia data, while HTTP is suitable for the transport of HTML text. In addition, HTTP is a uni-directional service (The client machine sends the HTTP request and the server responses the request). While RTSP is a bidirectional service, both the client machine and server can send the request.

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Sub-conclusion

Streaming media technology is different from file download technology. Streaming media technology is used to continuously deliver frames of video over IP network, so that end-user can enjoy the video continuously without waiting and hard disk occupying. B i protocol: RTP/RTCP RVSP RTSP Basic t l RTP/RTCP, RVSP,

Contents

Digital TV Technology Video Encoding/Decoding Technology Streaming Media Technology IPTV Bearer Network Technology Digital Right Management (DRM) Technology

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IPTV Bearer Network Technology

Bandwidth MPEG4: 1.2~1.5M per stream H.264: H 264 1M per stream t At least 2M per user Channel switching delay QoS Multicast

IPTV Bearer Network Technology (Multicast)

Multicast network structure
User Server

Packet (sent once) User

Broadcast TV vs VOD Multicast vs Unicast User User

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IPTV Bearer Network Technology (Multicast)

Static Multicast VS Dynamic Multicast

For static multicast, the multicast distribution tree (MDT) is established statically. The multicast stream is transported along the MDT no matter there are users to receive it. it For dynamic multicast, the MDT is established according to the IGMP request from users, based on the multicast routing protocol. Static multicast has less delay than that of dynamic multicast. It is suitable for IPTV. Controllable management on multicast data received by users Management of multicast source Management of multicast distribution range

Multicast Management

IPTV Bearer Network Technology (Multicast)

Multicast QoS

Multicast is based on UDP. Hence, there is no re-transport mechanism for lost packets. The upgrading of the routers in the backbone network and MAN increases the Qos capability, which guarantees the QoS of the multicast services. To guarantee the QoS of multicast services, generally, the abroad carriers separate IPTV services from normal PC Internet services. Thus, multicast QoS is guaranteed by establishing a dedicated channel for multicast stream. To save bandwidth, the duplication point should be placed near to the end users. For ADSL, the duplication point can be placed at BAS or DSLAM.

Multicast duplication point

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Sub-conclusion

Basic requirement for IP bearer network is:

Enough bandwidth Supporting multicast Better QoS guarantee

Contents

Digital TV Technology Video Encoding/Decoding Technology Streaming Media Technology IPTV Bearer Network Technology Digital Right Management (DRM) Technology

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DRM Technology

DRM technologies control use of digital media by preventing access, copying or conversion to other formats by unauthorized end users. Firstly, DRM encrypts video contents, then releases the contents through IPTV platform to users. users Before users play the program they must be authorized by the DRM program, system and then decrypt and decode the program. DRM technologies involve standards of authorized language, encryption, encryption key management and architecture, etc. So far, there is no unified standards suitable for operators. And the application of DRM must be approved by the content providers.

The Principle of DRM

Web Server Media Server Copyright Server

Streaming media

User

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DRM Technology

DRM is designed to suppress piracy to some extent. However, due to the fact that there is no effective cooperative mechanism between broadband operators and media content providers, there is no progress on the piracy p problem. Under the broadband network environment, it is not suitable to keep the regulations of traditional copyright management by DRM technology. Actually, it attempts to realize a charge mode of traditional video service through the approach of electronic commerce. To absolutely solve the copyright problem, it is required to research a new cooperation method to realize a win-win situation under new commerce environment.

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